Final Exam
Which of the following is true about vitamin D? a.) The deficiency disease associated with vitamin D is osteoporosis b.) A marginal level of vitamin D may increase risk of cancer c.) Our bodies make it form our skin being exposed to UV rays d.) Milk is fortified with vitamin D
- A marginal level of vitamin D may increase risk of cancer - Our bodies make it form our skin being exposed to UV rays - Milk is fortified with vitamin D
Which of the following are limitations of the BMI? a.) Does not consider location of excess weight b.) allows for the assessment of overweight and obesity c.) assumes one-size-fits all with respect to age and ethnicity d.) does not consider body composition
- Does not consider location of excess weight - assumes one-size-fits all with respect to age and ethnicity - does not consider body composition
Which of the following statements is / are CORRECT regarding the factors influence the amount of energy expended via the basal metabolic processes? a.) If calories decrease, basal metabolic rate decreases b.) If body weight decreases, basal metabolic rate decreases c.) If lean body mass decreases, basal metabolic rate decreases
- If calories decrease, basal metabolic rate decreases - If body weight decreases, basal metabolic rate decreases - If lean body mass decreases, basal metabolic rate decreases
Which of the following is TRUE about the DRI for water? a.) It assumes that 80% of daily intake comes from fluid and 20% from solid food b.) Juice, coffee, and other beverages do not count in the DRI for water c.) The DRI for water is higher for men than for women
- It assumes that 80% of daily intake comes from fluid and 20% from solid food - The DRI for water is higher for men than for women
Which of the following are true about classification of minerals? a.) Other important minerals (arsenic) are not necessary for human biological function b.) Major essential minerals (calcium and phosphorous) are present in the body in large amounts c.) Trace essential minerals (iron and copper) are present in the body in small amounts
- Major essential minerals (calcium and phosphorous) are present in the body in large amounts - Trace essential minerals (iron and copper) are present in the body in small amounts
Which of the following is true about calcium? a.) PTH and Calcitonin regulate blood calcium levels b.) Vitamin D prevents calcium from being pulled from the bone c.) Marginal intake can increase the risk for osteoporosis d.) Vitamin D aids in the absorption of calcium from food
- Marginal intake can increase the risk for osteoporosis - Vitamin D aids in the absorption of calcium from food
Why is it so difficult to lose weight and keep it off? a.) People generally don't like to exercise b.) sometimes genetics makes it difficult to lose weight c.) Food restriction may cause people to feel bad overall
- People generally don't like to exercise - sometimes genetics makes it difficult to lose weight - Food restriction may cause people to feel bad overall
Dr. Nancy Snyderman, chief medical correspondant for the Today Show, led a section on sodium and potassium. She made all of the following claims regarding sodium and potassium. Which of the following claims are correct? a.) Potatoes have more potassium than bananas b.) the majority of sodium we consume is from fresh food c.) The average american consumes more than twice the RDA for sodium d.) The average american consumes half of the RDA for potassium
- Potatoes have more potassium than bananas - The average american consumes half of the RDA for potassium
Which of the following are limits of epidemiological studies? a.) The characteristics of the study group b.) They may be affected by the presence of confounding factors c.) They depend on the dietary recall/recording of the participants d.) Adherence of the participants to the study's protocol
- The characteristics of the study group - They may be affected by the presence of confounding factors - They depend on the dietary recall/recording of the participants
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the DRI's for vitamins, minerals, and protein? a.) They are recommended levels of nutrients that should be met every day b.) They are set at a level that will meet 97.5% of healthy people's nutrient needs c.) They are set at fixed, but generous amounts d.) They are expressed in gram, milligram, and microgram amounts e.) They were developed by the National Academy of Sciences
- They are set at a level that will meet 97.5% of healthy people's nutrient needs - they are set at fixed, but generous amounts - They are expressed in gram, milligram, and microgram amounts - They were developed by the national academy of sciences
Which of the following are true about antioxidants? a.) Vitamins A, C, and E are antioxidants b.) free radicals can be caused by sunlight, cigarettes, and environmental pollution c.) Phytonutrients may be just as important as antioxidants d.) Free radicals are not made by normal body processes
- Vitamins A, C, and E are antioxidants - Phytonutrients may be just as important as antioxidants
Match the vitamin with the deficiency disease. - Vitamin A - Niacin - Vitamin C - Thiamin
- Xeropthalmia - Pellegra - Scurvy - Beri Beri
Match the mineral with its function. - Body structure, transmission of nerve impulses, blood clotting - transport of oxygen - maintains fluid balance
- calcium - iron - sodium and potassium
Obesity increases the risk of which of the following diseases? a.) Pellagra b.) Diabetes c.) Cardiovascular disease d.) cancer e.) hypertension
- diabetes - cardiovascular disease - cancer - hypertension
Annie is a young female who is deficient in iron. Which of the following symptoms is she likely to experience? a.) Fatigue b.) night sweats c.) pagophagia d.) inability to concentrate
- fatigue - inability to concentrate
Marginal intake of calcium may lead to which of the following? a.) polycystic ovary syndrome b.) high blood pressure c.) menopause d.) kidney stones
- high blood pressure - kidney stones
Taking enzyme supplements by mouth may not be useful for which of the following reason(s)? a.) our bodies make enzymes b.) protein is denatured in the stomach by HCl c.) lipids are emulsified by bile in the small intestine
- our bodies make enzymes - protein is denatured in the stomach by HCl
Match the supplement claim with the corresponding mineral. - decreased risk of cancer - decrease in duration of a cold - weight loss and muscle gain - increased metabolic rate and weight loss
- selenium - zinc - chromium - iodine
What is the minimum amount of weight that should be lost in order to see significant reductions in health risk? a.) 10 pounds b.) 20 pounds c.) any amount that will cause a person to reach his/her desirable body weight
10 pounds
How many calories need to be expended to lose a pound of fat? a.) 2000 b.) 1500 c.) 3500 d.) 4500
3500
If Jacob wants to consume 20% of his total calories from fat and he eats 2000 calories per day, what is the maximum number of fat grams she should eat? a.) 52 grams b.) 44 grams c.) 35 grams d.) 77 grams
44 grams
The new spicy chicken sandwich at Chickfila contains 20 g of fat (4 grams are saturated fat), 46 g carbohydrates, and 31 grams of protein. How many calories does this sandwich contain? a.) 384 calories b.) 718 calories c.) 643 calories d.) 488 calories
488 calories
What is the formula for body mass index? a.) BMI = weight (kg) / height (m)^2 b.) BMI = height (m)^2 / weight (kg)
BMI = weight (kg) / height (m)^2
Foods high in protein and fat may have which of the following effects on total caloric intake? a.) Foods with protein and fat will most likely decrease caloric intake by increasing satiety. b.) Foods with protein and fat will most likely increase caloric intake by decreasing satiety.
Foods with protein and fat will most likely decrease caloric intake by increasing satiety.
Sheldon's favorite nut is a pistachio, and he developed a cheap way to extract oil from pistachios. He wants to use this oil to make Extreme Pistachio Cookies. Since Sheldon is a theoretical physicist, he did not learn about hydrogenation as an undergraduate. Which is NOT true about hydrogenation? a.) Hydrogenation can be useful for hardening liquid oil in commercially manufacturing cookies b.) Hydrogenation increases the number of double bonds in liquid oil c.) Hydrogenation can be useful to reduce rancidity, making cookies more shelf stable d.) Hydrogenation produces trans fat
Hydrogenation increases the number of double bonds in liquid oil
Which of the following statements is true about water body content in men and women? a.) Men's bodies have a higher percent of water than women's because men have more muscle than women b.) Both women and men have the same percentage of water and muscle in their bodies c.) Women's bodies have a higher percentage of water than men's because women have more muscle than men
Men's bodies have a higher percent of water than women's because men have more muscle than women
Micheal learned all about the DRI's and is very excited about them. Now he wants to have a staff meeting to teach his employees at Dunder Mifflin how to meet their DRI's each and every day. Which of the following ideas would be best for Michael to help his employees achieve a healthy diet? a.) Since Pam is a lactating mother, Michael should pay her special attention to make sure she meets her DRI's daily b.) Michael should create a training class to teach his employees about the Dietary guidelines instead of the DRI's bc they are more realistic, food based recommendations. c.) Michael should create a training class to teach his employees how to follow the DRI's every day because they are the gold standard of how to follow a healthy diet. d.) Michael should create a training class to teach his employees about the daily values instead of the DRI's because they are a good way to evaluate diet quality
Michael should create a training class to teach his employees about the dietary guidelines instead of the DRI's because they are more realistic, food based recommendations
A clinical trial is being done to find out if there is a link between breast cancer and diets that are high in fat. However, people who consume diets in high fat may also have other characteristics of their lifestyle that increase their risk for breast cancer. How can researchers overcome the problem of these confounding factors in a clinical trial? a.) Researchers can randomly assign participants to a treatment or control group b.)Researchers can use a retrospective study design to observe the characteristics of the diets of the people who have breast cancer and those who don't c.) Researchers can assign people to consume diets either high in fat or low in fat and then measure the outcomes
Researchers can randomly assign participants to a treatment or control group
Neta is diabetic and she recently learned about the glycemic index and would like to apply the concepts to improve her diet. How could Neta use the glycemic index appropriately? a.) She could eat foods with a naturally low glycemic index and include them more frequently in her diet than other foods b.) The glycemic index was developed to fool people into following fad diets and it shouldnt be used. c.) She should be sure to consume the foods as they were consumed in order to develop the GI numbers d.) She should avoid white bread and only eat 7 grain wheat bread because white bread will raise her Blood glucose significantly faster than the 7 grain wheat bread will
She could eat foods with a naturally low glycemic index and include them more frequently in her diet than other foods
Which federal agency requires disclaimers in labels in advertising nutrition related products? a.) The Counter Terrorist Unit b.) The food and drug administration c.) The central intelligence agency d.) the US department of agriculture e.) the federal trade commission
The Federal Trade Commission
Define the term digestion a.) THe chemical breakup of complex food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed b.) The process of bringing those smaller molecules inside the body
The chemical breakup of complex food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed
Why can books make claims that advertising cannot? a.) The federal trade commission is not able to regulate the huge quantity of books published b.) The first amendment allows US citizens the freedom of speech c.) The FDA is not able to regulate the huge quantity of books published.
The first amendment allows US citizens the freedom of speech
Define peristalsis a.) the breakdown of protein by HCl and proteases b.) The breakdown of macronutrients by highly specific enzymes c.) the powerful movement of food through the GI tract d.) the use of bicarbonate to neutralize the incoming chyme into the small intestine
The powerful movement of food through the GI tract
A recent study done in rats found that high fructose corn syrup causes obesity. Which of the following is the MOST significant limitation of this study? a.) The subjects are rats, so the results may not be applicable to humans b.) The rats have a shorter lifespan than humans c.) The rats can be exposed to greater risks than humans d.) The researchers can control the diets of rats
The subjects are rats so the results may not be applicable to humans
After compounds are absorbed through the villi of the small intestine: a.) They travel to the kidneys, which excrete absorbed, but unwanted water soluble compounds b.) They travel to the liver, which screens for unwanted compounds that have been absorbed and begins to detoxify so they can be eliminated c.) They travel to the kidneys, which screens for unwanted compounds that have been absorbed and begin to detoxify so they can be eliminated. d.) They travel to the liver, which excretes absorbed, but unwanted water-soluble compounds
They travel to the liver, which screens for unwanted compounds that have been absorbed and begins to detoxify so they can be eliminated
Gender and genetics typically explain the same percentage of adult body weight as does diet and exercise (T/F).
True
Sam has a waist circumference of 42 inches. Sam is therefore at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease. (T/F)
True
All of the following are reasons why vitamin are classified as micronutrients EXCEPT: a.) Vitamins are present in the body in relatively small amounts b.) Vitamins are present in food in small amounts c.) You only need to eat small amounts of food to get an adequate supply of vitamins d.) Vitamins have requirements that are relatively small
You only need to eat small amounts of food to get an adequate supply of vitamins
If an eicosanoid is made from _________________ it will ____________ blood pressure, blood clotting, inflammation. a.) eicosaptentaenoic acid, not affect b.) arachidonic acid, increase c.) eicosapentaenoic acid, increase d.) arachidonic acid, decrease
arachidonic acid, increase
Which of the following is an external factor that may influence eating behavior? a.) glucose b.) insulin c.) eating as a sport d.) serotonin
eating as a sport
I went to the Farmer's Market restaurant in Raleigh the other day and had molasses with my biscuits. Which type of molasses did I put on the biscuits and why? a.) First extraction molasses; it is slightly sweet and can be a good source of micronutrients b.) blackstrap molasses; it is slightly sweet and can be a good source of micronutrients c.) first extraction molasses; it has a distinct flavor and many micronutrients d.) blackstrap molasses; it has a distinct flavor and many micronutrients
first extraction molasses; it is slighly sweet and can be a good source of micronutrients
All of the following are dietary sources of sterols EXCEPT: a.) vegetables b.) fruits c.) nuts d.) animal products
fruits
One snowy day in the school parking lot, Edward saw a van sliding on ice toward his true love Bella. Without thinking, Edward raced over to Bella to stop the van from hitting her, saving her life. If Edward were a human (not a vampire) what source of energy was he using when he saved Bella's life? a.) Ketone bodies b.) fat c.) protein d.) glycogen
glycogen
All of the following statements are correct regarding the Mediterranean diet except: a.) it emphasizes intake of whole grains b.) It is high in omega 3 fatty acids c.) It emphasizes intake of fruit, veggies, and legumes daily d.) It emphasizes intake of meat weekly
it emphasizes intake of meat weekly
An Olympic athlete is experiencing MILD dehydration. He likely has which of the following symptoms? a.) Loss of appetite b.) Headache c.) dizziness d.) thirst
loss of appetite headache thirst
As compared to the original DRIs from the 1940s, the current DRIs: a.) now consider levels associated with chronic disease risk reduction b.) No longer include recommendations for those vitamins for whom deficiency diseases are no longer a problem c.) Include recommendations for three macronutrients and eight micronutrients d.) now are only expressed as average daily minimums rather than the more generous values in the original
now consider levels associated with chronic disease risk reduction
Which of the following correctly defines the term "basal metabolic rate"? a.) quantification of calories expended on circulation, nerve transmission, and respiration b.) quantification of calories needed to maintain body weight c.) quantification of calories needed to maintain lean body mass d.) quantification of calories expended on digestion and absorption
quantification of calories expended on circulation, nerve transmission, and respiration
Butter is a solid at room temp because it is made up mostly of ___ fatty acids, whereas oil is a liquid at room temperature because it is made up mostly of ___ fatty acids. a.) unsaturated, saturated b.) polyunsaturated, monounsaturated c.) saturated, unsaturated d.) unsaturated, polyunsaturated
saturated, unsaturated
Betty's New Year's resolution was to improve her diet. She decided to start eating whole grain breads, pastas, and rice rather than their refined counterparts. What difference will eating whole grains make on Betty's diet? a.) There is no difference between the two products because the federal enrichment project requires refines products be fortified with all of the lacking nutrients b.) she will consume more iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate c.) she will consume more nutrients, fiber, and healthful unsaturated fats
she will consume more nutrients, fiber, and healthful unsaturated fats
All of the following categories have a glycerol backbone EXCEPT: a.) triglycerides b.) monoglycerides & diglycerides c.) sterols d.) phospholipids
sterols
I am a lipoprotein that is made in the liver and I transport triglycerides that are made in the liver from excess carbohydrates and protein. Which lipoprotein am I? a.) chlyomicron b.) low density lipoprotein c.) very low density lipoprotein d.) high density lipoprotein
very low density lipoprotein