Final Exam

The Cape of Good Hope was rounded in 1487 by a.Ferdinand Magellan. b.Abram Voorhies. c.Vasco da Gama. d.Bartolomeu Dias. e.Henry the Navigator.

Bartolomeu Dias

Participants in the Third Crusade included all of the following except a.Saladin. b.Philip II Augustus. c.Richard the Lionhearted. d.Belisarius. e.Frederick Barbarosa.

Belisarius

The papacy of Boniface VIII saw a.Boniface forced to flee in the face of a French takeover. b.Boniface successfully excommunicating and destroying the power of France's Philip.IV. c.the papacy moving to Germany after Boniface's death. d.the Roman Church supreme over all of Christendom. e.the Church weakened as a result of the Black Death.

Boniface forced to flee in the face of a French takeover.

The council that ended the Great Schism was the council of a.Canossa. b.Constance. c.Orleans. d.Clermont. e.Trent.

Constance

What factor most contributed to the Vikings becoming part of European civilization?​ a.​Sharing their ship technology. b.​Expelling the Moors from Spain. c.​Conversion to Christianity. d.​Being conquered by Charlemagne. e.Fighting against the Mongols.

Conversion to Christianity.

Which of the following accurately pairs Spanish conquistadors with the New World empires they destroyed? a.Pizarro and the Aztecs; de Soto and the Inka. b.Cortés and the Aztecs; Pizarro and the Inka. c.de Soto and the Aztecs; Cortés and the Inka. d.Magellan and the Inka; Albuquerque and the Iroquois. e.de Soto and the Inka; Cortés and the Aztecs.

Cortés and the Aztecs; Pizarro and the Inka

The missionary brothers who converted the Slavic peoples of Moravia to the Orthodox Christianity of the Byzantine Empire were

Cyril and Methodius

Political disintegration in the fourteenth century resulted from all of the following except a.dynasties were unable to produce male heirs. b.financial problems. c.the breakdown of feudalism. d.dynasties had too many male heirs. e.use of mercenary soldiers.

Dynasties had too many male heirs

According to Einhard's biography, all of the following were the objects of Charlemagne's charity except a.Syria. b.Flanders. c.Carthage. d.Egypt. e.Jerusalem.

Flanders

The VOC a.was the "divine light" Javanese monarchs were believed to possess. b.the Malayan ruling class. c.was a secret police agency in Burma. d.was the sacred ruler of the Khmer. e.had ten times more capital than the English East India

Had ten times more capital than the English East India Company

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about Charlemagne?

He attended a university in Rome.

The Renaissance began in a.Byzantium. b.France. c.Flanders. d.Italy. e.Spain.

Italy

Alfonso I was the king of this African state and in an effort to stave off the capture and sale of his subjects on the slave markets, he made a poignant appeal to the king of Portugal. a.Senegal b.Kongo c.Gambia d.Ethiopia e.Zimbabwe

Kongo

In spite of their resistance to foreign encroachment, the Portuguese were able to establish trading outposts in all of the following EXCEPT ____. a.Laos b.Vietnam c.Ayuthaya d.Thailand e.Burma

Laos

Which of the following was NOT a reason the Renaissance is seen as a period of recovery?​ a.​None of these. b.​Economic recession. c.​Loss of faith in the church. d.​The Black Death. e.​Political disorder.

Loss of faith in the church

All of the following were true about the development of Russia except a.Mongols recognized of the hegemony of Alexander Nevsky. b.Kievan Russia collapsed in the mid-twelfth century. c.The descendants of Alexander Nevsky eventually became the rulers of all Russia. d.Byzantine Christianity provided a major foundation for early Russian unity. e.Magyar dominance created a Western-oriented bent in Russia development.

Magyar dominance created a Western-oriented bent in Russia development.

The major impetus for the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia came in the early fifteenth century with the establishment of this sultanate. a.Tumasik. b.Malacca. c.Sulawesi. d.Palembang. e.Ayuthaya.

Malacca

Which was NOT one of the major Italian city-states developed by the fifteenth century?​ a.​Milan b.​Venice c.​Genoa d.​Florence e.​Piedmont

Milan

Charlemagne's oversight representatives, the "messengers of the lord king," were the a.missi dominici. b.chandiar. c.flamboria. d.mark graf. e.scriptoria.

Missi Dominci

The necessary improvements in which three areas are regarded as essential elements in the Age of Exploration? a.Religious ferver, industrialism, and staple crops. b.Banking, joint stock companies, and navigation. c.Three field crop rotation, navigational abilities, and cartography. d.Navigation, ship style, and capitalism. e.Navigation, shipbuilding, and weaponry.

Navigation, shipbuilding, and weaponry.

I n what area did communes first appear? a.​Flanders. b.​Within boroughs in England. c.​Northern Italy. d.​Russia. e.​Spain.

Northern Italy

The first Saxon king in Germany to resume using the title Emperor of the Romans was

Otto I

In 1453, the Byzantine Empire fell to the a.Bulgars and Ukranians. b.Arabs. c.Seljuk Turks. d.the crusaders. e.Ottoman Turks.

Ottoman Turks

The first Gothic church was constructed near a.Paris. b.London c.Constantinople. d.Rome. e.Venice.

Paris

Economic and social crises that arose in response to the Black Death in Europe included all of the following EXCEPT​ a.​Peasants converted their serfdom by exchanging services for rent. b.​Trade declined with less manufacturing taking place. c.​Peasant rebellions took place in Europe over exclusion from artisanal guilds. d.​Mortality rates meant less workers survived, and they could command better wages. e.​Social unrest became a characteristic of European history.

Peasant rebellions took place in Europe over exclusion from artisanal guilds.

As anti-Semitism ​spread through Europe in response to the plague, many Jews fled to a.​Spain. b.​Jerusalem c.​Constantinople. d.​Persia. e.​Poland.

Poland

The best known Byzantine historian was a.Belisarius. b.Tacitus. c.Einhard. d.Procopius. e.Suetonious.

Procopius

The Orthodox Church had its greatest missionary success with the a.Russians. b.Poles. c.Mongols. d.Arabs. e.Czechs.

Russians

The two major characteristics of the Italian Renaissance were ​ a.​financial wealth and piety. b.​piety and humanism. c.​secularism and individualism. d.​literacy and class status. e.​scholasticism and spirituality.

Secularism and individualsim

The major threat to the Byzantine Empire in the eleventh century came from the a.Arabs. b.Austrians. c.Persians. d.Ottoman Turks. e.Seljuk Turks.

Seljuk Turks

The cleric who called for the Second Crusade in the 1140s was a.Peter the Hermit. b.Cyril. c.Pope Urban II. d.St. Bernard of Clairvaux. e.Pope Innocent III.

St. Bernard of Clairvaux.

The first region settled by Portugal within Africa was ​ a.​The Gold Coast b.​The Azores c.​Goa d.​Angola e.​Cape Verde

The Gold Coast

The European power that emerged triumphant in the Indonesian archipelago, and took over virtually the entire region by the end of the eighteenth century, was a.Spain. b.Britain. c.France. d.the Netherlands. e.Portugal.

The Netherlands

Which of the following is not correct about the economy of Southeast Asia in the sixteenth century? a.Agriculture was becoming commercialized. b.The region exported nothing but agricultural produce. c.The royal courts were the main producers and major consumers of luxury goods. d.Although agriculture was the economic basis of society, commerce was beginning to affect daily life. e.Regional and interregional trade had begun to expand even before the arrival of the Europeans.

The region exported nothing but agricultural produce.

The pope who gave his blessing and authorized the First Crusade was a.Urban II. b.Edward the Confessor. c.Gregory the Great. d.Innocent III. e.Gregory VII.

Urban II

The Italian city that benefited from the Fourth Crusade was a.Rome. b.Florence. c.Naples. d.Genoa. e.Venice.

Venice

The Dominican friars a.lived among the people and helped the poor. b.were established in the ninth century. c.were led by Francis of Assisi. d.became key factors in combating heresy under the leadership of the Holy Roman Emperor. e.were first led by the highly intellectual Dominic de Guzmán.

Were first led by the highly intellectual Dominic de Guzman

The incursions of the Scandinavian Vikings into other parts of Europe a.led to Scandinavian control of Greece. b.were successful because their ships had a shallow draft, allowing them to sail far up rivers. c.were defeated at the Battle of Lechfeld. d.had little impact on the history of England and France. e.were the most threatening of the fifteenth century invaders to the peace of Europe.

Were successful because their ships had a shallow draft, allowing them to sail far up rivers.

Christopher Columbus a.converted to Islam on his forty-third birthday. b.was the brother of Hessin Cortes. c.was an escaped criminal from Munich when he sailed to the Americas. d.believed that Asia was larger, and closer to Europe by water, than people then thought. e.was of Genoese origin, although he gained fame in the service of the Portuguese king.

believed that Asia was larger, and closer to Europe by water, than people then thought.

The staple of the medieval diet was​ a.​fish. b.​pasta. c.​bread. d.​eggs. e.​potatoes.

bread

All of the following were true of the political recovery of the fifteenth century in Europe except a.centralized monarchies gained strength in western Europe. b.decentralized government became typical in eastern and central Europe. c.the "new monarchies" greatly aided in stabilizing France, Spain, and England. d.Henry VII's cautious policies had made England solvent and stable by 1500. e.centralized monarchies gained strength in Germanic central Europe.

centralized monarchies gained strength in Germanic central Europe.

The Treaty of Tordesillas a.gave the English the eastern route around the Cape of Good Hope. b.gave the French the eastern route around the Cape of Good Hope. c.ended the Hundred Years' War. d.divided the "new" areas discovered by Europeans between Spain and Portugal. e.divided the "new" areas discovered by Europeans between the English and the French.

divided the "new" areas discovered by Europeans between Spain and Portugal.

Prince Henry a.became king of England in 1628. b.was depicted as the "epitome" of greed by Bartolomeu Dias. c.was the first European to get to the source of the Zambezi. d.established a school for naval gunners in Portsmouth, England in 1438. e.established a school for navigators in Portugal in 1419.

established a school for naval gunners in Portsmouth, England in 1438.

The Mongols a.stopped the spread of the plague to China, but allowed it to decimate the West. b.stopped the spread of the plague to the West, but allowed it to decimate China. c.captured Constantinople. d.were immune from the Yersinia pestis. e.facilitated the spread of the plague with the creation of its Silk Road empire.

facilitated the spread of the plague with the creation of its Silk Road empire

The Fourth Crusade resulted in the a.occupation of Egypt. b.conquest of Alexandria. c.capture of Jerusalem. d.sack of Istanbul. e.fall of Constantinople.

fall of Constantinople.

Dutch colonial efforts were a.most economically profitable in New Amsterdam. b.highly successful in Southeast Asia, and particularly on the island of Java. c.ended by superior Portuguese power in North America before 1700. d.weakened by their principled refusal to take part in the slave trade. e.incredibly unsuccessful, as their huge expenditures did not produce a single profitable colony.

highly successful in Southeast Asia, and particularly on the island of Java.

As a result of European expansion into Africa, a.internal conflict among native African groups was intensified. b.most Africans became wealthier. c.the economic conditions of the continent were unaltered. d.the Mwene Metapa was entirely eliminated by the Portuguese. e.North African political regimes were toppled by French forces.

internal conflict among native African groups was intensified.

The African slave trade a.began practices never before seen in Africa. b.was fundamentally altered by the French in the late 1400s. c.solved the labor shortage challenge in European agriculture. d.involved the deaths of less than one percent of those leaving West African ports before they arrived at a new home in the Americas. e.involved the forcible movement of millions of African slaves overseas.

involved the forcible movement of millions of African slaves overseas.

The main issue of conflict between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV was a.the argument of whose authority was superior. b.lay investiture. c.refusal to provide tithes to the church. d.support of the Franciscan order. e.refusing to accept younger sons of nobility into clerical orders.

lay investiture.

All of the following were part of the Columbia Exchange except a.gunpowder and guns were introduced into the Americas from Europe. b.smallpox arrived in the Americas from Europe. c.potatoes and corn were introduced into the Americas from Europe. d.potatoes and corn were introduced into Europe from the Americas. e.cows and horses were introduced into the Western hemisphere.

potatoes and corn were introduced into the Americas from Europe.

Southeast Asia, by the 1700s, a.had come under the political control of China. b.saw Islamic influence spread from the Malay Peninsula to the northern coasts of Sumatra and Java. c.had seen Islamic influence driven from the region by the joint French-Dutch "light" campaign. d.was rigidly controlled by Europeans, with the French in control of Vietnam and the Portuguese elsewhere. e.was militarily dominated by India's Mughal rulers.

saw Islamic influence spread from the Malay Peninsula to the northern coasts of Sumatra and Java.

Southeast Asia produced all of the following for export in the 1700s except a.steel. b.spices. c.gold. d.copper. e.ceramics.

steel

The final blow to Portuguese domination of the Asian spice trade came when​ a.​Muslim traders extended from the Arabic peninsula and cut off access to the Indian ocean. b.​the Dutch VOC seized Malacca. c.​the Portuguese monarchy was overthrown by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. d.​the English began to form joint-stock companies for colonization. e.​Christopher Columbus sailed to Hispaniola.

the Dutch VOC seized Malacca.

All of the following were motives for the Crusades except a.to allow the pope to assume the leadership in liberating the Holy Land. b.the aim to increase religious toleration between Muslims and Christians. c.religious fervor. d.the desire to gain riches and land. e.the desire for military adventure.

the aim to increase religious toleration between Muslims and Christians.

All of the following are true about scholasticism except a.theology was considered to be the "queen of the sciences." b.it was preoccupied with establishing the concurrence between Christian and Aristotelian thought. c.it attempted to prove the unity of faith and reason. d.it is a term used to depict the philosophical and theological system of medieval universities. e.the author of the Summa Theologica was Abelard dun Scotus.

the author of the Summa Theologica was Abelard dun Scotus.

As a result of the Black Death, a.the population rose in Italian cities but fell in English and French cities and towns. b.the Pope moved to Avignon. c.there was a decrease in anti-Semitism. d.flagellation disappeared.e.there was an increase in anti-Semitism.

there was an increase in anti-Semitism.

All of the following regarding the Hundred Years' War are correct except a.the English were victorious at the battles of Crécy and Agincourt. b.new weapons were used in the war, including the longbow and gunpowder. c.it was fought between England and France. d.Joan of Arc was burnt at the stake for heresy by the English. e.traditional nobles fighting on horseback were the keys to victory.

traditional nobles fighting on horseback were the keys to victory.

Flagellants a.was the term used to describe the aristocratic opponents of rebelling serfs. b.were Jews who beat themselves in an effort to avoid harsher abuse by Christians. c.were a new order of friars which were established in France by Joan of Arc. d.were Christian fanatics who physically scourged themselves during the Black Death. e.were hereditary slaves in fifteenth-century Italy.

were Christian fanatics who physically scourged themselves during the Black Death.

The Slavs a.converted to Islam after the First Crusade. b.became Roman Catholic, with the exception of the Russians, Turks and Magyars. c.were divided into two religious groups, with most southern and eastern Slavs becoming Orthodox and most northern and western Slavs becoming Roman Catholic. d.briefly occupied northern Italy. e.divided into seven specific groups during the Middle Ages.

were divided into two religious groups, with most southern and eastern Slavs becoming Orthodox and most northern and western Slavs becoming Roman Catholic.

The formal division between the Eastern Orthodox and the Western Christian churches began in 1054 with a disagreement over​ a.​challenges to the absolute authority of the monarch as a matter of biblical interpretation. b.​the superior ranking of the Pope over the Patriarch. c.​approval of new sects of monasticism.d.​the use of icons. e.​the emphasis on Aryanism in the East.

​the superior ranking of the Pope over the Patriarch.