Final Metallurgy Test T/FWrought
Iron undergoes four phase changes when cooled from the melting point to the ambient temperature
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Isotropu is the devlopment of direction specific properties due to cold working
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Low beryllium coppers have relatively low electrical conductivity
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Many ASTM standards contain supplementary requirements that are incorporated at the beginning of a standard and are identified by the letter R
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Martensitic stainless steels contain the greatest amount of chromium and are the most corrosion resistant
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Mss Sp 55 is a standard developed by the ALuminum Association
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Prior cold working is required to initiate grain growth
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Resolved shear is the combination of slip planes and directions in the crystal lattice in which plastic deformation by slip occurs most favorably
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Silicon is a strengthening agent in precipitation hardened alloys
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Stainless steels have a higher resistance to highly reducing acids
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Stress relieving of austenitic stainless steels must be performed at lower temperatures than for most steels
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The 2xxx series alloys are more corrosion resistant than most other aluminum alloys
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The 5xxx series alloys have low strength and poor weldability
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The 7xx.x series alloys are machinable, weldable, and exhibit excellent castability
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The 8xxx series comprises aluminum magnesium alloys
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The amount of carbon that is dissolved in iron has no effect on the phase changes that occur
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The corrosion resistance of austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steels is greater than that of the regular austenitic stainless steels.
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The duplex stainless teel has a two phase microstructure consisting of ferrite and pearlite
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The final staged of reduction in hot working operations must be conducted well above the recrystallization temperatures
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The longer the holding time at a particular stress relieving temperature, the less the precent of residual stress removed
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The most common hardening heat treatments for copper alloys consist of precipitation hardening, transformation hardening, spinodal decomposition, and stress relieving
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The principle reason for using carbide formers is that they combine preferentially with iron
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The relatively high chromium content of ferritic stainless steels places them to the left of the gamma loop
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The three stages of steelmaking are oxidation, deoxidation, and rimming
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The three variations of big end down ingot mold are open top, bottle top, and plug bottom.
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Tough Pitch copper is the easiest copper alloy to spin
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When a crystal containing an edge dislocation is mechanically loaded, the dislocation moves 1 Burgers bectors
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Wrought Iron contains large amounts of carbon and manganese
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Wrought stainless steels are AISI designated by five numbers followed by a letter
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Wrought tin bronzes contain signifigantly more lead than their cast equivalents
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Yellow brasses are cheaper by weaker than red and semi red brasses
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Fiber Structure is the elongation of inclusions and impurities in the direction of cold work
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For complete transformation to austenite, a steel must be heated above its AC3 or ACcm temperature
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Foundries that cast copper alloys use prealloyed ingot, scrap, and virgin metal for raw materials
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Hot working permits more deformation than cold working
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Hypoeutectoid steel with 0.2% C has good weldability and formability.
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In coarse grain steel, the grain size increases as the temperature is increased above the A1.
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Low operation temperatures decrease pitting and crevice corrosion
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Nickel is added to aluminum bronzes to improve corrosion resistance
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Normalizing decreases the pearlite interlamellar spacing and refines grain size.
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Precipitation hardened aluminum alloys are less easy to weld than other aluminum alloys
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Precipitation hardening stainless steels can be heat treated to higher strengths than any other stainless steels
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Re crystallization leads to a sharp drop in strength and a rise in ductility
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Recovery occurs without any apparent change in the mechanical or physical properties except for electrical conductivity
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Red and semi red brasses are the easiest alloys to cast
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Reduction is the removal of chemically combined oxygen in iron ore
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Semi austenitic precipiation hardening stainless steels are chiefly available in sheet form
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Silicon bronzes have high strength, good toughness, and excellent corrosion resistance
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Slip is a process of plastic deformation in which one part of a metal grain undergoes a shear displacement relative to another
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Stainless steels are the most widely used of all corrosion resistant alloys
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Stainless steels are usually cut by shearing or blanking
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Stainless steels generally fail because of localized forms of corrosion
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The 3xx.x series alloys are the most important because of their superior casting characteristics
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The 8xx.x series comprises aluminum alloys with approximately 8% Sn
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The checker chamber of an open hearth furnace preheats the air and helps to improve the efficiency of the furnace
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The corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys is strongly influenced by the alloy content
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The larger the austenite grain size, the coarser the ferrite pearlite grain size
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The most favorable orientation of a crystallographic plane for slip is 45 degrres to the direction of applied force
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The principle alloying elements in aluminum are copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, zinc, and tin
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The strength of commerically pure aluminum may be more than doubled by cold working
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The three groups of martensitic stainless steels are low carbon, nickel bearing low carbon, and high carbon.
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UNS designations consist of an uppercase letter followed by five numbers
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Unlike other noble metals, copper can be attacked in some environments
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A pipe is an internal fissure caused by internal tensile stresses resulting from heating and cooling
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Adding nickel to steel is the most cost effective approach to ensuring a completely austenitic structure
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Aluminum bronzes are leaded
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Anneal resistant coppers are modified coppers containing zirconium or nickel and phosphorus
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Austenitic stainless steels can only be strengthed by heat treatment
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Casting Processes used for aluminum and aluminum alloys are limited to die casting and sand casting
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Close packed haxagonal metals have a total of 12 slip systems
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Coarse grain size increases ductility and toughness
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Cold working is used on copper alloys that remain ductile above their recrystallization temperatures
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Copper nickels have excellent strength but lower corrosion resistance than other copper alloys
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Ferrite is capable of dissolving more carbon than austenite
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Flaking is the development of internal cracks or bursts usually during cooling after rolling or forging
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Graphitization renders steel highly ductile
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Integrated steelworks are smaller operations that produce a limited range of carbon steel finished forms
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AISI STell Products Manuals indicate restrictions and tolerances applicable to various product forms based on accepted manufacturing practices
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Aluminum is extracted from bauxite ore
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An advantage of fully killed steel is the resistance to grain coarsening during high temperature heat treatment operations.
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Anneal resistant coppers have high resistance to elevated temperatures
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Annealing is performed on both heat treatable and non heat treatable aluminum alloys
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Annealing twins are not present in annealed castings
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Because of grain refinement during multiple pass welding of steel, the weld is stronger than that of single pass welding.
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Brazing is performed on metals that have very thing cross sections or inaccessible joints
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Carbon and manganese are the pinciple alloying elements in carbon steel
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Cast aluminum bronzes have superior galling and fatigue resistance compared to the manganese bronzes
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Cast beryllium coppers must be solution treated to homogenize their microstructures
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Coarse grain steel is generally deoxidized with silicon
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Cold forming is performed on non heat treatable alloys
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Coper alloys are extensively used for saltwater application
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Copper alloy castings have wider permissible chemical composition ranges than equivalent wrought copper alloys have
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Copper is used for its high electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity more than any other metal
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Critical temperatures are the same with cooling and heat
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Crystal roation is the reorientation of individual crystals that are under an applied force, so that the crystallographic planes move into the most favorable orientation for slip
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Dislocations are usually a combination of edge and screw types
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Duplex stainless steels have better strength than austenitic stainless steels
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Equivalent cast and wrought copper alloys have similar machinability
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Eutectic steel at room temperature consists of 100 percent austenite
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Ferrite is not present at room temperature for the 18% Carbon. 8% Nickel Alloy
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Ferritic stainless steels are relatively weak and cannot be hardened by quenching
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ASTM abd ANSI jointly devloped the unified numbering system for metals and alloys
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Chinese standards for products are identified by the letters CH
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Euronorms are identified by the letters UN followed by a number
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The ASME boiler and pressure vessel code is published in a single document
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UNS designations consist of a capital letter follow by four numbers
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Most standards that address welding procedures are developed by the AWS
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The 5xx.x series alloys are limited by poor castability and weldability
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The castability of the 2xx.x series alloys is poor
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The three classes of standards are specifications, test methods, and recommended practices
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a materials procurement specification should reference applicable ASTM standards
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