final mock exam for xrt
When the given dose is multiplied by the percent depth dose, we obtain the:
(dose)(pdd)=total dose
The REM is defined as: Unit for describing neutron exposures Rads x quality factor Rads x time x activity A measure of alpha exposures
(rads)(quality factor)
What is the tolerance dose for normal kidney tissue?
1500-2000
Find the equivalent square for a field size of 18.5 cm x 19.5 cm.
19
know formulas for equivalent square and hinge angle
2(wl)/(w+l)
Most soft tissue sarcomas generally spread through: 1. the lymphatic system 2. direct invasion and extension 3. hematogenous spread
23
Lasers on the treatment unit must be accurate within:
2mm
A normal white blood count is: 3.90 to 5.40 million/mm3 3,900 to 10,800/mm3 12.0 to 16.0 million/mm3 150,000 t0 425.000/mm3
3900-10,800/mm thousands to tens of thousands
Normal range for a white blood cell count is in the range of
4,000-11,000/mm3
pneumonitis
6 months
This is the minimum thickness of cerrobend required for blocking the intensity of the beam to a 5% transmission when using 6x: 6.3 mm 7.4 mm 6.3 cm 7.4 cm
6.3cm
This is the minimum thickness of cerrobend required for blocking the intensity of the beam to a 5% transmission when using 6X:
6.3cm or 63mm
The normal pulse rate is in the range of:
60-90 beats per minute
When cutting a personal block for a patient being treated with an 18X beam, how thick should it be? 63 mm 74 mm 6.3 mm 7.4 mm
74mm
Bladder and rectal doses are very important to the gynecologic radiation therapy planning. The point tolerance for these organs is:
7500cgy
How is Brehmstrahlung produced?
By the rapid deceleration of high speed electrons due to interaction with the nucleus
What is another name for mycosis fungoides?
Cutaneous lymphoma
1 rad = Gy
.01
One rem is equal to:
.01sv
Calculate the linear attenuation coefficient for a bean that results in a 1.6 HVL
.693/1.6=.433mu
The accumulated dose for a 23 year old radiation worker should not exceed: 0.25 Sv 25 mSv 100 rem 2.5 Sv
0.25 Sv
During the entire gestation period, the maximum permissible dose to the fetus from the occupational exposure of the expectant mother must not exceed: 0.5 rem 5.0 rem 0.5 rad 5.0 rad
0.5rem
The quality factor for X, beta, and gamma radiation is:
1
Image-guided radiation therapy can be accomplished with: ultrasound units CT scanner kV imager cone beam simulator 1, 3, and 4 2, 3, and 5 1, 2, 3, and 4 3, 4, and 5
1 3 4 ct scanner doesnt count i guess they need cbct
Why do you take a photograph of the treatment field? To aid another therapist to treat the patient NRC regulations require it To assure accuracy in the patient set up
1 and 3
Which of the following are advantages of high energy beams? 1. greater depth dose 2. lower skin dose 3. greater penumbra 4. better cure rate
1&2
Which of the following are the most common defects in a doctor's prescription that can lead to treatment error? Illegible handwriting Omission of treatment parameter Misinterpretation of prescription Miscalculation of time Use of wrong depth dose charts Failure to write order of changes in prescription Failure to write energy in prescription Incorrect measurement recorded
1, 2, 3, 6, & 7
After what dose of radiation does xerostomia typically first occur? 1000 to 2000 cGy 2000 to 3000 cGy 3000 to 4000 cGy 4000 to 5000 cGy
1-2. did not realize dry mouth occured at such low doses
Nausea usually occurs ____ after the radiation treatment.
1-3 hours
The threshold energy for pair production to occur is: 50 kV 0.511 MeV 1.02 MeV 10 MeV
1.02MEV
"High Radiation Area" warning sign must be posted in all areas where a person, if continuously present could receive an exposure in excess of ____ mR in any one hour.
100
"High Radiation Area" warning sign must be posted in all areas where a person, if continuously present could receive an exposure in excess of ____ mR in any one hour. 5 15 50 100
100
A whole body dose of 0.1 rad with x-rays will produce a dose equivalent of: 1.0 rem 100 rems 10 millirems 100 millirems 1000 millirems
100 millirems
At a distance of 1 meter, the exposure from a radioactive substance is measured at 450 mR. What will the exposure be at a distance of 20 cm? 22.5 mR 1.125 mR 1800 mR 11,250 mR 2250 mR
11250
In a properly aligned collimator system, the cross-shadow is always: aligned with the central axis on the collimator axis or rotation to the left of the collimator axis of rotation reflected down from the mirror
12
Machine indicator lights could fail because of: broken wire burned out bulbs defective blocks misaligned CR
12
Which of these phrases correctly describe possible benefits of preoperative irradiation? reduces the incidence of local recurrence may reduce the incidence of distant metastasis prevents delay in postoperative wound healing 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 1, 2, and 3
12
What is the range of a 25-MeV electron beam? 12.5 cm 12.5 mm 8 cm 8 mm
12.5cm?
RBE depends upon which of the following factors? Biological system or endpoint Quality of the radiation in question The total dose of radiation being delivered and the rate of delivery
123
Simulators are primarily used to: Localize the target area Duplicate the geometry of therapy machines Duplicate the mechanical movement of the therapy machine
123
The Linear Energy Transfer (LET) of particle radiation: Increases with the charge on the particle Decreases with the increasing velocity of the particle Increases with the mass of the particle
123
Which of the following are correct regarding survival curves? The survival curves for x-rays are characterized by a broad initial shoulder When a dose is fractionated, the shoulder of the x-ray dose-response curve is repeated each time The survival curve for neutrons has little to no shoulder
123
Which of the following factors vary according to field size: 1. Exposure dose 2. BSF 3. %DD 4. SSD 1 & 3 2 & 4 1, 2, & 3 1, 2, 3, & 4
123 backscatter will be more with an increased field size
Some of the more common medical accelerator hazards include: incorrect dose delivered dose delivered to wrong area machine collision emergency off malfunction
1234
The biological effectiveness of radiation depends on a number of factors. They include: 1. Radiation quality 2. Dose per fraction 3. Presence or absence of O2 4. Biological system or cell type
1234
The percentage depth dose for a single field at a point within the patient depends upon: 1. Source to skin distance 2. Field size 3. Beam energy 4. Depth of the point
1234
Treatment of nodal areas with neck carcinoma depends upon which of the following factors? Cell differentiation Extent of disease Size of the primary Cell type
1234
Patient positioning instructions are listed in the treatment chart because: Aids in reproducibility of daily setup NRC regulations Various therapists may treat the patient
13
Permanent implants involve: 1. sources packaged as tiny seeds 2. sources with long half-lives 3. sources implanted with needles in surgery 4. tumors that cannot be reached surgically
13
The purpose of the light field-radiation beam coincidence test is to determine if the light and radiation fields are: 1. Congruent 2. Focused 3. On the central axis 4. Rotated
13
Treatment for multiple myeloma involves: 1. radiation therapy 2. surgery 3. chemotherapy
13
Which of the following is true regarding clinical presentation of prostate cancer? Most patients are asymptomatic Most patients that are not asymptomatic will experience rectal problems which prompts a rectal exam Most patients experiencing bladder obstruction will have increased frequency, narrow stream, and hesitancy. 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 1, 2, and 3
13
I-131 is used for treatment of thyroid cancer because: It can be given orally or intravenously Therapeutic effect is due to x-rays It is selectively absorbed and concentrated in the thyroid Dose is concentrated in the thyroid gland
134
The %DD decreases with: 1. Increase in depth of lesion 2. Increase in HVL 3. Decrease in SSD 4. Decrease in field size 1 & 3 2 & 4 1, 2, & 4 1, 3, & 4 1, 2, 3, & 4
134 just know depth, ssd and field size
Compensating wedges that are used for correcting contour irregularities must be placed at least ________ from the patient to preserve the skin sparing effect of megavoltage irradiation.
15
Wedge filters used in a linear accelerator vary in angle from: 5-30 degrees 15-60 degrees 30-90 degrees 90-180 degrees
15-60
A tray is mistakenly left in place during a given treatment of 200 cGy. The actual dose delivered if the tray factor is 0.91 is:
182
Express 103 in scientific notation. Selected Answer: 103 1 x 10^3 1000 log 1000 = 3
1x10^3
At energies up to 20 MV, the likelihood of a pair production interaction increases with: Increasing atomic number Increasing electron density Decreasing energy None of the above
INCREASE ATOMIC NUMBER
Tenesmus can be defined as: Selected Answer: Painful Intercourse Difficulty Breathing Ineffectual and painful straining to evacuate the bowel or bladder Inflammation of the Bladder
Ineffectual and painful straining to evacuate the bowel or bladder
While treating a patient using a rotational technique, the gantry rotates past the end point. This is most likely a malfunction of the:
LIMIT SWITCH
When treating a 3 field neck and asymmetric jaws are establishing the abutment, you should never adjust the table __________________. Laterally Longitudinally Vertically Any of these directions
LONGITUDINALLY
Which of the following is located in the stand of a linear accelerator? Anode Modulators Beam transport system Flattening coils
MODULATORS
_________________ reduces the number of microbes, but all are not eliminated.
Medical Asepsis
What drug below will increase reactions for a person receiving oral cavity irradiation? Phenobarbital Decadron Methotrexate Benadryl
Methotrexate meth mouth
Which of the following is not a function of an ion chamber? Monitor absorbed dose Monitor dose rate Monitor field symmetry Monitor integrated dose
Monitor absorbed dose
Infections that are contracted within the health care environment are called: Granulocytopenic Infections Nosocomial Infections Viruses Protozoa
Nosocomial Infections
Constancy checks for all electrical and radionuclide units must be performed by a qualified expert.
ONCE A WEEK
Which of the following will provide an immediate reading for a one-time, high-level radiation exposure? : TLD Film badge Lithium fluoride crystal pocket dosimeter
POCKET DOSIMETER
All of the following are ways the therapist can help a patient recently diagnosed with cancer, except: Remind them that they just need to maintain a positive attitude Acknowledge how painful this distress is Help them understand this distress may be normal and adaptive Tell them that distress is not a sign of personal weakness
Remind them that they just need to maintain a positive attitude
Lymph drainage from the anterior 1/3 of the tongue is to: Submental nodes Submaxillary (submandibular nodes) Supraclavicular nodes Preauricular nodes
Submaxillary (submandibular nodes)
When tracing a hand-molded contour onto graph paper: The shape should be traced on the inside of the contour The shape should be traced on the outside of the contour The difference from the inside to the outside should be split to account for breathing None of the above
The shape should be traced on the inside of the contour
All of the following are true statements regarding Hypercalcemia except: It is an excessive amount of calcium in the blood. It is the most common oncological emergency. Can cause renal dysfunction Treatment goal is to increase bone absorption of calcium.
Treatment goal is to increase bone absorption of calcium.
____________________ is a therapy that aids another type of therapy, such as radiation after chemotherapy.
aids-adjuvant
The shape of an isodose curve can be changed to correct for an irregular or sloping surface by using: an isodose curve shift technique wedge filters tissue compensators oblique compensators all of the above
all of em
Which of the following may improve the therapeutic ratio? hypoxic cell radiosensitizing drugs fractionation hyperbaric oxygen neutrons
all of em
According to the Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau radiosensitivity is related to which of the following: mitotic activity mitotic future degree of differentiation all of the above
all of the above
All of the following are violations of the Rules of Ethics established by the ARRT except: Conviction of a crime Failure to perform with reasonable skill and safety Improper management of a patient's record Fraudulent deception regarding one's credentials all of the above
all of the above
The stability of the isocenter under gantry rotation may be checked via use of which of the following tests? split field Lutz starshot all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following would be considered a chemotherapeutic drug classification? Antimetabolites Antitumor antibiotics Plant Alkaloids Alkylating agents Nitrosoureas
all of the above
Which of the following arise from mesenchymal stem cells? 1. Blood 2. Cartilage 3. Bone
all of them
1. What type of bone marrow transplant uses bone marrow taken from a donor: Autologous Allogenic Universal Donor Random Trial
allogenic
LET is highest for which of the following types of radiation?
alpha
Which of the following radiation would be the least penetrating?
alpha
Which of the following types of radiation is not generally used in radiation therapy? Gamma rays Beta particles X-rays Alpha particles
alpha
_____________ is defined as the loss of appetite. : Cachexia Malnutrition Anorexia Reflux
anorexia
The prostate gland is situated: anterior to the rectum and inferior to the bladder. anterior to the symphysis and inferior to the bladder. anterior to the symphysis and superior to the bladder. anterior to the rectum and superior to the bladder.
anterior to the rectum and inferior to the bladder.
Which of the following is a common symptom of early-stage stomach cancer? weight loss abdominal pain nausea Early-stage stomach cancers are asymptomatic
asymptomatic
The following are nursing care measures for a patient with severe diarrhea: A. High Fiber Diet B. Low Residue Diet C. Imodium A-D D. Stool Softener All of the Above
bc
Which of the following components of a linear accelerator is found within the head of the treatment unit?
bending magnet
This principle is defined as "doing good", and calls on healthcare professionals to act in the best interest of the patients. Nonmaleficence Beneficence Veracity Autonomy
beneficence
Electrons accelerated in a circular orbit via changing magnetic fields refers to a: Cyclotron Cobalt unit Betatron Linear accelerator
betatron cyclotron-protons
Cancer of which urinary organ is most common? kidney ureter bladder urethra
bladder
Stereotactic radiotherapy involves treatment to the: Lung Abdomen Brain Pelvis
brain
What is the most widely used staging system for melanoma? A. TNM B. Breslow C. Clarke D. ATCG E. B and C F. C and D
breslow and clarke
A person who is colonized but not ill is called a(n):
carrier
Immediate drainage of the lower 1/3 of the esophagus is to the: Cervical nodes Parotid nodes Celiac nodes Splenic nodes
celiac nodes
Temperature correction for the measurement of exposure in air requires temperature to be in:
celsius
In which portion of the CNS do most CNS tumors occur? cerebrum cerebellum brain stem thalamus
cerebrum-GLIOMA
Which of the following is most likely to be treated using a remote afterloader?
cervical cancer
Who developed the scatter function calculation method for irregularly shaped fields? Milan-Bentley Day Cunningham Clarkson
clarkson
In which anatomical location(s) are lymph vessels and nodes not present? palms soles of feet central nervous system all of the above
cns
You are treating an AP/PA humerus with the following parameters: field size 11 X 15, collimator angle 347⁰. When setting up the PA humerus, which of the following is the correct parameters?
collimator changes! the field size remains the same
For sloping skin surfaces, the skin sparing effect is often maintained by the use of: Shielding blocks Multi-field setups Machine collimation Compensating wedge filter All of the above
compensating wedge filter
A treatment that included custom blocks and multiple fields would be coded as a:
complex
Type of interaction when using a 200 KV unit:
compton
ssd readout should be checked
daily
Most departments require output consistency on a linear accelerator to be performed:
daily qa checks output in the morning
When it is planned for a child to receive post-radiation chemotherapy, the total dose of radiation is generally: increased decreased unchanged compared to the dose of radiation alone were being given unchanged but the size of each fraction is increased
decreased
To correct for inhomogeneity when treating through lung tissue, the isodose curves should be shifted: superficially deeper not at all
deeper
What is (are) spatial representation(s) of the magnitude of the dose produced by a source of radiation? treatment planning dose distributions dose calculation matrix dose-volume histograms (DVH)
dose distributions
Absorbed dose X quality factor equals:
dose equivalent
image: esophagus or trachea
esophagus is behind trachea
All of the following are purposes of HIPAA except: establish universal provider identification systems. establish a universal patient identification system. streamline electronic health care information. ensure the integrity and confidentiality of health care information.
establish a universal patient identification system.
Confidentiality, truth telling, and benevolence are which of the following? Ethical principles Legal rights Ethical characteristics Legal doctrines
ethical principles
The tandem of a Fletcher-Suit set provides treatment to: vaginal vault lateral extensions of a tumor to pelvic nodes fundus of uterus not used for any type of treatment
fundus of uterus
A patient with radiation induced pneumonitis may present with all of the following symptoms except: Fever Headache Dry, hacking cough Weakness
headache
uritarcia
hives
The field size on an AP/PA lung is 10 X 12. When you actually measure the field width it measures 12.5. What is the magnification factor for this field? 1.10 0.8 2.5 1.25
i/o wxl 12.5/10=1.25
The following image is an example of what?
image fusion of mri and ct
The total dose that can be delivered to a volume of tissue may be increased by all of the following except: reducing field sizes fractionating the dose over a longer time interval increasing the dose rate using multiple treatment ports All of the above can increase the dose that can be delivered
increasing dose rate
This stage of disease spread takes place when the pathogen enters the host and lies dormant: Latent Period Incubation Period Disease Period Convalescent Period
incubation period
The principle action of radiation on humans is: indirect: direct aberrant fractional
indirect;water
LET is expressed in terms of:
kev/micron
Wilms' tumor is a tumor of the
kidney
Patients with gynecological malignancies have an increased risk of developing a thrombosis when treated with: HDR external beam LDR external beam and HDR
ldr
The magnification factor from a CT scan is:
less than one
Which of the following statements is false regarding LET?
let is a function of mass only
The most common malignancy in childhood is:
leukemia
What condition frequently develops in users of smokeless tobacco? erythroplakia leukoplakia thrush dysplasia
leukoplakia
Written defamation of character is
libel goes west
Basal cell carcinoma spreads by: Bloodstream Local invasion Lymphatics Implantation
local invasion
Conventional simulators are designed to simulate the _______________, geometrical, and optical properties of a variety of treatment units.
mechanical
Which tumors spread through the cerebral spinal fluid? astrocytoma oligodendroglioma medulloblastoma schwannoma
medulloblastoma
_________________ is defined as sore mouth and throat. Odynophagia Dysphagia
odynophagia dysphagia-difficulty swallowing
Scatter air ratios must be considered when calculating doses to points that are: off axis at extended distances in irregular fields a and c
off axis and in irregular fields
Tumor grade is a measure of ________. 1. aggressiveness 2. differentiation 3. spread
one and two
When a patient requires treatment close to a previously treated site, what is the best way to identify the boundaries of the previously treated fields? skin tattoos previous polaroids previous port films previous dose distributions
previous port films
What type of lung cancer may need prophylactic brain irradiation?
small cell
In which anatomical location are metastatic bone lesions most common? spine upper extremity lower extremity trunk
spine
The combination of treatment fields most often used is:
two opposing fields
Which of the following about IORT is true?
uses LINEAR ACCELERATOR
The ____ is the degree of use of an X- or gamma ray source. use factor workload occupancy factor exposure rate
workload
Which of the following drugs is a radioprotector? decadron 5‑FU WR‑2721 adriamycin
wr
What landmark is typically used to determine the lower border of the mantle field? T10 T12 carina xiphoid
you would think it would be xiphoid but it is t10
In the multi-hit target model of cell survival curves, the extrapolation number for mammalian cells range form: 2-10 3-7 >10 <2
2-10
The conversion factor to change kilograms to pounds is: 1 kg 2.20 lb 2.20 lb 1 kg 1 lb 454 kg 454 kg 1 lb
2.20lb/1kg
When a single dose of x‑ray radiation is delivered, the value of the oxygen enhancement ratio is approximately: 2.5 10 25 100
2.5
The pituitary is located: 1.0 cm anterior and 2 cm superior to EAM 3.0 cm anterior and 2.0 cm superior to EAM 2.5 cm anterior and 2.5 cm superior to EAM 3.5 cm anterior and 2.5 cm superior to EAM
2.5 ant sup to eam
Beam shaping and modifying devices must be secured a minimum of cm from the patient in order to avoid electron contamination.
20
____% of cancer patients die from malnutrition
20
Assuming that the cataract forming dose of x-rays is 200 rad and the quality factor for neutrons is 10, the cataract forming dose of neutrons is:
20 rad
When the white count reaches _________ , the therapist should have the patient evaluated by the physician before treatment.
2000
What energy has the least amount of skin exposure? 250 kVp 6 MeV 6 MV 20 MV
20mv
What are the two most common forms of primary intraocular cancers in adults? 1. retinoblastoma 2. melanoma 3. lymphoma : 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3
23
When irradiating a soft tissue sarcoma of the anterior upper thigh which of the following is true?
2cm margin
When irradiating a soft tissue sarcoma of the anterior upper thigh which of the following is true? the entire circumference of the thigh must be included in the port a 2 cm margin around the surgical bed is sufficient to include microscopic disease the patient should be positioned so that the affected leg is bent at the knee joint the joints proximal and distal to the tumor should be treated
2cm margin
When checking light field and radiation field coincidence on a linear accelerator, the results must show agreement within:
2mm
A normal red blood cell count is in the range of: 2.4 to 3.9 million/mm³ 3.9 to 5.4 million/mm³ 5.4 to 7.5 million/mm³ None of the above
3.9-5.4 million
Palliative doses of radiation to the whole brain for metastatic disease are generally about:
3000cgy
Which of the following is a typical dose range given to Hodgkin's patients? 3500-4400 cGy 4000-4500 cGy 4500-5000 cGy 5500-6000 cGy
35-44
Total dose for prophylactic cranial irradiation is typically: 2000 cGy 3000 cGy 3600 cGy 4500 cGy
3600
What is the standard dose delivered to the SVC field? 4500 to 5000 cGy 5000 to 5600 cGy 6000 to 6600 cGy
45-50
Pericarditis of the heart is typically seen at which of the following TD 5/5 doses?
4500
The dose of _________ cGy or greater can result in permanent alopecia.
4500
How many mm of lead is required to reduce the transmission of radiation to 5% when using 6e? 2 mm 3 mm 4 mm 5 mm
4mm
In radiation therapy, all blocks and other beam shaping devices must reduce the transmitted beam to not more than: 1% 5% 8% 10%
5%
What is the average number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter of blood? 1,000 - 5,000 5,000 - 10,000 10,000 - 12,000 8,000 - 15,000
5,000-10,000
The TD5/5 for the whole brain is: 2000-3000 cGy 3000-4000 cGy 4000-5000 cGy 5000-6000 cGy
5-6
The maximum permissible dose to the whole body that an occupational radiation worker can receive in a one year period is:
5000 mrem (50 mSv)
The tolerance dose TD 5/5 for the optic nerve or chiasm is:
50gy
The maximum permissible prospective dose for whole body irradiation from all occupational sources should not exceed _____ in any one year.
50msv
With Cobalt beam therapy, the maximum exposure rate is found where in the body?
5mm below surface
What is the standard dose delivered to the tumor of a patient with a high grade astrocytoma?
6000 to 6500 cGy
The percentage depth dose for a 10 x 10 cm field at 10 cm depth and 100 cm SSD using a 6 MV photon beam is 67.7%. Find the percentage depth dose for the same field size and depth for 120 cm SSD.
69.5
The lower border of the breast extends to which rib?
6th
The neutron contamination of a photon beam is likely at energies of: 100-400 KeV 800-900 KeV 1-3 MeV 7-20 MeV All of the above
7-20MEV
For occupationally exposed persons, the annual M.P.D. for hands and feet is:
75rems
What finishing angle results from an arc setup with a starting angle of 270 degrees clockwise rotation, mu/degree is 1.25 and mu setting is 208? 47 degrees 69 degrees 76 degrees 104 degrees 123 degrees
76 degrees
You are treating a patient with a squamous cell skin lesion. The treatment involves two abutting electron fields using 12 MeV. How many mm of lead are needed at the abutment?
7mm
Based on the rule of three, what is the lowest energy necessary to treat a skin cancer that is 3 cm deep?
9mev-electron volt
The annual radiation equivalent dose limit for continuous exposure of an individual of the general public is: a. 0. 1 rem b. 0.5 rem c. I mSv d. a and c
AC
Which of the following drugs relieve pain?
Analgesics
OBI images should be: 180° apart AP and Lateral only Any angles as long as it is 90° apart Any 2 angles will be sufficient
Any angles as long as it is 90° apart
Standards of care Are a fixed compilation of the customs and behaviors of a professional group Are dynamic Is an assumed activity that any person would demonstrate in a given situation. Is the result of improved treatment outcomes.
Are a fixed compilation of the customs and behaviors of a professional group
Whole body casts are an effective means of controlling patient movement during the treatment of:
CHILDREN
At photon energies of 100 kV to 2 MV, radiation is absorbed in tissues mainly by:
COMPTON
Calibration of an ionization chamber means it has been:
Compared against a national standard to establish a correction factor
An iatrogenic infection is one caused by: Hospital Employees Synergistic effect with radiation Blood borne pathogens Complications from treatment
Complications from treatment
A microcurie is: curie Correct 1/1000 millicurie 1000 curies 1000 millicuries
Correct 1/1000 millicurie
The purpose of an immobilization device is to: Selected Answer:
Correct Aid in reproducing and maintain the position
Central axis depth dose distribution depends on beam energy. Which of the following is true? Selected Answer:
Correct Depth of a given isodose curve increases with beam quality
All of the following statements regarding esophageal cancer are true EXCEPT:
Correct more common in females
When a patient requires treatment close to a previously treated site, what is the best way to identify the boundaries of the previously treated fields? skin tattoos field photos DRRs previous dose distributions
DRR
Central axis depth dose distribution depends on beam energy. Which of the following is true? Depth of a given isodose curve increases with beam quality Beam energy does not influence curve shape Absorbed dose outside the primary beam is greater for higher energies An advantage of orthovoltage is increased scatter dose
Depth of a given isodose curve increases with beam quality
A patient receiving treatment for lymphoma reports experiencing numbness and tingling in the feet, weakness when ambulating, and dribbling of urine. The therapist should suspect:
Development of a spinal cord compression
This legal doctrine means, "The thing speaks for itself". Doctrine of Personal Liability Doctrine of Respondeat Superior Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitor
Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitor
A controlled area should be established if:
Doses might exceed 25% of the appropriate M.P.D
The reduction of block transmission penumbra can be accomplished by: : Increasing block thickness Employing divergent blocks Decreasing block thickness Decreasing source to block distance
Employing divergent blocks
1. If your manager asks you to perform a duty outside of your scope of practice, the best course of action would be to:
Explain that you do not have the education required and feel uncomfortable
The indicated collimator setting at a particular SSD/SAD is called:
FIELD SIZE field size FIELD SIZE field size
According to Kubler-Ross the 5 stages of grief may include all of the following, except: Shock and Denial Depression and Detachment Acceptance Anger Fear Dialogue and Bargaining
Fear (denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance.)
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a universal wedge?
Fixed centrally
All of the following statements are true concerning compression of the spinal cord by metastatic carcinoma except: Initial treatment with corticosteroids is often beneficial Such metastases to the spinal cord often arise from primary tumors of the lung and breast For most of these compressing lesions, surgery alone is the treatment of choice Tumors that are very radiosensitive (e.g., lymphoma) can be treated by radiotherapy without surger
For most of these compressing lesions, surgery alone is the treatment of choice
All of the following are true if a pacemaker is in the treatment field except: Notify the manufacturer to verify that treatment will not cause malfunction Blocking the pacemaker should be a routine safety measure if possible Most manufacturers have not done research on doses greater than 500cGy so limit dose Have patient turn pacemaker off during the treatment to avoid malfunction
Have patient turn pacemaker off during the treatment to avoid malfunction
The major advantage of IMRT over conventional 3D CRT treatment techniques is that: IMRT delivers a higher dose to the surrounding structures. IMRT delivers a uniform dose to both tumor volume and surrounding structures. IMRT delivers a variable tumor dose from each treatment field. IMRT delivers a conformal dose of varying beam intensities
IMRT delivers a conformal dose of varying beam intensities
X-ray diaphragms may also be referred to as all of the following except: X-ray shutters Blades Input screens Collimators
Input screens
One of the biological advantages of high LET radiation is that: Its O.E.R. is high Its effective for hypoxic tumor areas Its R.B.E. is not affected by the cell mitotic stage Its deposition of energy in normal tissue is minimal
Its effective for hypoxic tumor areas
The amount of energy transferred to a material per unit length of travel is termed: RBE LET QF OER
LET
This legal document allows the competent adult to direct the course of a possible future medical condition when the individual might no longer be competent by reason of illness: Informed Consent Living Will Patient's Bill of Rights HIPAA
Living Will
During the operation of a Linac, which of the following may be used to terminate all power to the system? Treatment room panic button Main circuit breaker Emergency off button on console All of the above
MAIN CIRCUIT BREAKER
The potential advantage of enteral feeding is that it: Maintains intestinal function, is able to provide adequate nutrition to meet assessed needs and it is economical Is economical, has a low risk of infection, and it is easier than eating Assures weight gain and is easier on the family Helps the patient to better tolerate treatment and causes less fatigue
Maintains intestinal function, is able to provide adequate nutrition to meet assessed needs and it is economical
Personnel monitoring should be provided if individuals
May receive more than 25% of the M.P.D
All of the following statements about ionic contrast media are true, except: Increased Toxicity Greater Contrast More expensive than other types of contrast media High Osmolality
More expensive than other types of contrast media
All of the following are true about Droplet precautions except Must wear a regular mask when entering the room The same as the precautions for Influenza Must be in a negative pressure room Must wash hands between tasks
Must be in a negative pressure room
The rate of decay of a radionuclide is effected by changes in: Chemical bonding Temperature Barometric pressure None of the above
NONE of the above emits gamma, x, or alpha over time
Critical structures to be concerned about when treating the stomach would be: Heart and lung Left Kidney and spinal cord Bowel, spleen, and pancreas B and C
NOT THE HEART AND LUNG
Dyspareunia can be defined as: Difficulty Breathing Difficulty Swallowing Painful Intercourse Painful Urination
Painful Intercourse
When doing a treatment planning CT, the most important thing to remember is: Place clear heardrest under patient's head Patient should be in treatment position Use angle sponge under patient's knees Immobilize patient to prevent movement
Patient should be in treatment position
The most important diagnostic factor for detecting CML is: Nucleated RBCs Philadelphia chromosome Circulation of Auer rods Complete CBC
Philadelphia chromosome
The radiation therapist's code of ethics does which of the following? Provides guiding principles of ethical conduct in the profession Provides direction regarding psychosocial aspects of treatment of cancer patients Provides direction and counseling to assist in patient treatments Provides professional responsibilities to assist in patient treatments All of the above
Provides guiding principles of ethical conduct in the profession
Hematopoietic depression that can occur when treating a large field is best monitored through? Red blood cell count Platelet count Hematocrit level White blood cell count
Red blood cell count
Which type of lung carcinoma is most highly associated with tobacco use? Adenocarcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Oat cell carcinoma Large cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
While caring for a patient with Hepatitis B you should use: Contact Precautions Airborne Precautions Standard Precautions Droplet Precautions
Standard Precautions
In adults, red bone marrow if located in the Medullary canal of long bones Sternum, ribs and bodies of the vertebra Subarachnoid space None of the above
Sternum, ribs and bodies of the vertebra
The LD 50/30 in radiobiology is defined as ______________________________.
The dose of radiation that kills 50% of irradiated subjects within 30 days
The single property of electrons that makes them desirable for superficial irradiation is: There is sharp falloff in depth dose at a particular depth They have an extensive bremsstrahlung dose delivery They are easier to apply than photon irradiation None of the above
There is sharp falloff in depth dose at a particular depth
A cork and tongue blade are taped together and used as a bite block in the patient's mouth. You are treating the tongue, why is this procedure used?
To exclude the hard palate
All of the following can be sources of light field misalignment except: Collimator alignment Mirror angulation Light bulb wattage Gantry rotation
WATTAGE
The geometric penumbra of a beam of radiation depends mostly upon: a source or target diameter collimator opening source to target distance collimator block material
a source or target diameter
Simplify (a2)5:
a10
What is the most common form of kidney cancer? adenocarcinoma renal cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
What is the most common form of stomach cancer? Selected Answer: adenocarcinoma basal cell squamous cell transitional cell
adenocarcinoma
What is the most common histologic form of endometrial cancer? squamous cell adenocarcinoma epithelial germ cell
adenocarcinoma
____________________ is a therapy that aids another type of therapy, such as radiation after chemotherapy
adjuvant
An unacceptable beam profile may result from changes in: target position bending magnet function beam alignment all of the above
all of the above
Radiation output may be verified using: : film ion chamber TLD all of the above
all of the above
Radiobiologic effectiveness increases as ____________increases. dose rate LET Dose all of the above
all of the above
The OER: Is the oxygen enhancement ratio Is the greatest for low LET radiation Decreases to approximately 1 for high LET radiation All of the above
all of the above
Which of the following acts as a radioprotector? amifostine actinomycin D Adriamycin etoposide 5-FU All of the above
amifostine
5 FU is an:
anti-metabolite
Radiation treatment fields for cancer of the _______ should include inguinal lymph nodes. Small bowel Anus Sigmoid colon Rectum
anus
The decrease of exposure rate of radiation caused by passage through material is known as: Attenuation Absorbed dose Depth dosage Remnant radiation
attenuation
Patients with thrombocytopenia may be instructed to do all of the following except: Use a soft bristle toothbrush Avoid aggressive nose blowing Avoid crowds Avoid aspirin
avoid crowds
The superior and anterior borders of the nasopharynx are: : Soft palate and maxillary sinus Pharyngeal wall and hard palate Base of skull and nasal cavity Pyriform sinus and hard palate
base of skull and nasal cavity
The test that checks for uniformity of dose from one field side to another is:
beam symmetry
A patient with a cesium implant goes into cardiac arrest. What is the first thing you should do?
begin cpr not call a doctor
Is defined as a state of physical wasting with loss of weight and muscle mass caused by disease.
cachexia
Dysgeusia is defined as: A change in vision A change is smell A change in taste A change in hearing
change in taste disguised as good food
Where would the radiation therapist find the information regarding the status of the treatment unit? console interlock system patient record cameras in the room
console
A common side effect of pain medicine is:
constipation
A contour is found to vary significantly along the field width. Which of the following might be done to correct this problem when treating the patient? Alter patient prescription Add bolus Construct a compensator Add shielding blocks
construct a compensator
Hodgkin's Disease tends to spread predominantly: via the vascular route contiguously from one nodal group to another via the lymphatic route in an unpredictable way by local infiltration along tissue planes
contiguously from one nodal group to another
____ requires control of access occupancy and working conditions for radiation protection purposes. Controllable condition Controlled area Occupiable area None of the above
controlledarea
Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system? fluid balance fat absorption controls metabolism defense
controls metabolism
Moderate reactions to contrast media include all of the following except: Severe Vomiting Convulsions Headache Fainting
convulsions
What is the ligament holding the breast in place? Selected Answer: Cooper Montgomery Paget Broad
cooper
the inferior border of a larynx port for a vocal cord carcinoma should anatomically correspond to: Bottom of thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Hyoid bone First tracheal ring
cricoid cartilage
Attenuation rates displayed as pixels of different shades of gray is/are called: Windowing CT units Hounsfield Units All of the above
ct units and hounsfield units
Which term describes the volume of tissue where microscopic extensions may exist? Gross treatment volume Clinical treatment volume Planned treatment volume Irradiated volume
ctv-gtv plus microscopic
Percentage depth dose is relative to: Skin surface D-max Tumor depth Air
d-max
A collimator on a treatment unit: Defines the beam Determines the dose rate Attenuates the beam Flattens the beam at a specified depth
defines the beam
Which of the following would probably result in the largest tumor dose error?
depth dose percent data was looked up for patient's entire thickness instead of for midline thickness -bolus is important but not as much as a midline mistake!
_________________ is a disorder that is caused by improper metabolism and inadequate insulin production. Septic Shock Diabetes Mellitus Gestational Diabetes Ischemia
diabetes mellitus
Which of the following is not a risk factor for anal cancer? diet human papillomavirus anal intercourse immunosuppression
diet immunosuppression-hiv
The best protection from stored brachytherapy sources is achieved by increasing:
distance and shielding
In the radiotherapy of tumors, the possible causes of local treatment failure include all of the following factors EXCEPT: Geographical miss (part of the tumor is not included in treatment volume) New Primary Technical Errors Distant Metastases
distant mets
An aquaplast headcast for immobilization should be constructed: prior to simulation once simulation procedure is complete after the first treatment is complete and films are approved none of the above
dont like the answer but prior to sim
What area of the display screen on the treatment unit continuously updates the actual rate at which the dose is being delivered?
dose rate
_______________ is defined as the peeling away of the skin. Erythemia Dry Desquamation Moist Desquamation Hyperpigmentation
dry desquamation
The use of an independently moving collimator producing a wedge effect is termed: Slice wedging Isodose wedging Dynamic wedging Static wedging
dynamic wedging
________________ is defined as a change in taste or no taste.
dysgeusia
Difficulty Breathing is called: dyspnea Dysphagia
dyspnea
Symptoms of increased cranial pressure may include all of the following except: Personality Changes Headache Vomiting Dyspnea
dyspnea
Regarding OBI: OBI can help address organ motion between fractions B. OBI acts as verification of isocenter C. OBI takes the place of weekly portal images D. All of the above E. A & B F. B & C
e. ab
The actual CPT code numbers that are billed for a patient's treatment are: A. Determined by each physician B. Determined by Medicare C. The same no matter what facility provides the care D. All of the above E. B & C
e. bc
Radiation therapy of which of the following cancers does not include regional lymph nodes? early staged parotid early staged larynx early staged nasopharynx all of the above include regional lymph nodes
early staged larynx
Regarding nutrition, fatigue is a factor in weight loss for radiation patients. All of the following are tips to help patients increase their intake except:
eat large frequent meals
Assessing a patient for dehydration should include all of the following except: Skin turgor Orthostatic Blood Pressures Moisture inside the mouth EKG
ekg
the use of which of the following allows instantaneous imaging of the field? verification films port films electronic portal imaging all of the above
electronic portal imaging
In case of emergency, where would you find the backup MU indicator? Gantry stand Treatment couch Electronics cabinet Modulator cabinet
electronics cabinet
A scattering foil is placed in the path of the beam when, which of the following are used for treatment? Protons Electrons X-rays All of the above
electrons only
______________ is defined as identifying with the feelings, thoughts, or experiences of another person. Sympathy Empathy Emotional Attachment Apathy
empathy
The reduction of block transmission penumbra can be accomplished by: Increasing block thickness Employing divergent blocks Decreasing block thickness Decreasing source to block distance
employing divergent blocks
The use of which of the following allows instantaneous imaging of the field? verification films port films electronic portal imaging all of the above
epid
What is the "study of disease incidence"?
epidemiology
What is the name of the leaf-shaped cartilage that protects the larynx?
epiglottis
The purpose of the staging system for cancer is: to evaluate the degree of differentiation of tumor to estimate the prognosis of the patient to evaluate the degrees of malignancy to estimate the geographical extent of disease
extent of disease
The wedge angle is determined by the tilt of the isodose lines at: A. The 50% isodose line in low energy beams B. A depth of 10 cm for high energy beams C. The depth of 20% isodose line in high energy beams D. The depth of 5 cm for low energy beams E. A and D F. A and B G. C and D H. B and C
f. ab
When there is a 'coll' interlock fault, that's an indication that there could be problems with all of the following, except: Electron Cone Personal Block Tray Wedge Field Size
field size
Which of the following is not a specific criterion used in the "T" category to determine the "T" stage? firmness depth of invasion size surface spread
firmness
Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)? spherical tumor 2-cm tumor brain metastases five lesions
five lesions
Which of the following brachytherapy implants would be most likely used for an early carcinoma of the cervix? Fletcher Suit Heyman's capsules Iridium seeds Gold seed
fletcher suit heyman is used for uterine/endometrium iridium- prostate gold-fiducial
The lumen size for a urinary catheter is expressed in: Gauge mL French cc
french
All of the following are rules regarding sterile procedure except: Sterile persons are considered sterile in the front and sides only Sterile fields are in the horizontal plane only Only sterile persons handle sterile items Non sterile persons should never reach over a sterile field
front and sides only must be waste up front*
A person acutely exposed to 2000 cGy of radiation would fall into which of the following radiation syndromes? hematopoietic gastro intestinal cerebrovascular none of the above
gastro intestinal
The doubling dose is the dose of radiation to a population of organisms that will double the frequency of: Leukemia Carcinomas Genetic Mutations Hematologic effects All of the above
genetic mutations
A grade IV astrocytoma is called: Meningioma Complex astrocytoma Oligodendroglioma Glioblastoma multiforme
glioblastoma multiforme
Which of the following is most significant to the prognosis of brain tumors? tumor size lymph node involvement metastases grade
grade
With high-energy treatment units, compensators may be preferred over bolus because: greater skin sparing treating the target to a homogeneous dose increase the dose to the inferior border decrease the exit dose
greater skin sparing
The unit of measure for radiation absorbed by the patient is called the:
gy
Which of the following is not a property of a photon?
has charge of 1.6 + 10-19 coulombs
This legal document gives a person the authority to make critical decisions for a patient in the event that the patient becomes unable to make the decisions for themselves: Informed Consent Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Health Care Proxy Patient's Bill of Rights
health care proxy powerofattorney
Which of the following is not a risk factor of endometrial cancer?
herpes
The pulmonary lymph nodes flow into which lymph node chain? hilar tracheobronchial thoracic duct supraclavicular
hilar
Contrast media can cause urticaria. Urticaria is defined as: Fainting Correct Hives Syncope Edema
hives
A keloid is a hyperplastic scar in which there is an overproduction of: Fibro cartilage Cutaneous basement membrane Hyaline collagenous tissue None of the above
hyaline collagenous tissue
What is the most common form of invasive breast cancer? DCIS LCIS infiltrating ductal inflammatory
idc
The weakest link in the treatment planning and delivery chain is/are:
imprecise positioning and immobilization
If you increase a field size from 6 x 6 to 10 x 10 the percentage depth dose will:
increase
As electron energy increases, surface dose: Selected Answer: Increases Decreases Remains relatively constant None of the above
increases
The backscatter factor _____________ when the field area is increased.
increases
As the source-skin distance increases, the percentage depth dose: increases decreases is unaffected
increases pdd increase ssd increase
____________ complex immobilization devices to the treatment couch will provide for 'tighter' tolerance settings. Indexing Unfastening Taping Recycling
indexing
The purpose of intravascular brachytherapy is to: eliminate arterial plaque treat cancers of the heart prevent heart disease inhibit restenosis in coronary arteries
inhibit (hinder) restenosis in coronary arteries
When a drug requires a quick response, it should be administered:
intravenously
The Mayneord F-factor that compensates for change in central axis depth dose includes corrections for: Penumbra Field size Tissue absorption Inverse square law
inverse square law
Generally, which term describes the largest volume of tissue? Target volume Treatment volume Irradiated volume Geometric volume
irradiated volume
The basic method of determining the absorbed dose in a medium due to its production of heat is termed: Chemical dosimetry Fricke dosimetry Calorimetry Thermometry
is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state CALORIMETRY
All of the following are true regarding the Emergency Hand Pendant except
it can move the gantry
Which cancer is commonly associated with HIV? rhabdomyosarcoma mycosis fungoides melanoma Kaposi sarcoma
kaposi sarcoma
What device would normally generate power for a 25 MeV linear accelerator?
klystron
image: pedicle is closer to the body of the verterbral body
lamina is near spinous process
The most common malignant tumor in the head and neck region are carcinomas of the: Larynx Hard palate Tongue Nasopharynx
larynx
When taking a contour of a patient it is important to include: The patient's history Lateral & transverse measurements Source skin distance The proper isodose charts
lat and transverse measurements
The major complication of skin cancer is: Spread to distant sites Local recurrence Death of the host None of the above
local recurrence
What is the identification of the isocenter and field borders in relation to surface or bony landmarks? Localization Dosimetry Simulation
localization
What is the identification of the isocenter and field borders in relation to surface or bony landmarks? Definition Localization Dosimetry Simulation
localization
The most common site of dissemination for soft tissue sarcoma is: Bone Heart Lung Bowel
lung
The most common site of distant metastatic disease from the head and neck area is: Brain Bone Lungs Liver
lung
High voltage pulses from the modulator are delivered to the following simultaneously: Accelerator tube and klystron Magnetron and electron gun Electron gun and bending magnet Focusing coils and flattening filter
magnetron and electron gun
A patient being treated with an Aquaplast cast for a base of tongue lesion experiences a 10% weight loss. Which of the following steps should be considered? no longer use the cast and tape the patient in the correct position add tissue compensator to the spaces where the mask no longer fits Make another cast before you continue
make another cast before you continue
Which is the largest paranasal sinus?
maxillary
Which of the following has the least backscatter? Grenz ray Orthovoltage Superficial Megavoltage
megavoltage
What primary skin cancer (other than malignant melanoma) is aggressive and has a tendency to spread through the lymphatics and blood stream? adenocarcinoma basal cell squamous cell Merkel cell
merkel cell
What is the most common type of brain tumor? GBM astrocytoma meningioma metastatic brain lesions
metastatic brain tumor
What is the technique in which the tumor is removed and examined one layer at a time?
mohs
How often should the light field, radiation field, and collimator indicator agreement be checked for accuracy on a linear accelerator'?
monthly
Malignant tumors have nuclear chromatin than benign tumors; in general, they grow by and usually have a capsule. more, expansion, do not less, expansion, do not more, infiltration, do not less, infiltration, do
more, infiltration, do not
The physician's prescription for treatment should include all of the following except: Energy to be employed Total dose planned Monitor units given Depth of tumor
mu different than prescription
Which of the following is not considered to be a chronic change from radiation? Atrophy Ulceration Mucositis Fibrosis
mucositis
This blood malignancy originates in the bone marrow, affects the elderly and is also known as plasmacytoma: Fibrosarcoma Giant cell Chondrosarcoma Multiple myeloma
multiple myeloma
Which of the following bone cancers would be most commonly found in a 65 year-old male? Multiple myeloma Ewings sarcoma Osteogenic sarcoma Malignant lymphoma of the bone
multiple myeloma
A type of Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma, most commonly, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, which affects the skin but may progress internally over time: Melanoma Keloid Mycosis Fungoides Mesothelioma
mycosis fungoides
Infection cycle includes all except: Transmission Incubation Natural Immunity Convalescence
natural immunity
A patient diagnosed with Tuberculosis must be placed in a(n) ______________room.
negative pressure
tissue most radioresistant
nerve
A premalignant tumor which grows as a projecting mass from an epithelial surface is known as a(n):
nevus
The most common type of Hodgkin's disease is: Lymphocytic predominance Lymphocytic depletion Nodular sclerosis Mixed cellularity
nodular sclerosis
Wedges are used in radiation treatments to: Decrease the energy of the beam Change the isodose distribution Prevent hot spots when treating angled fields Compensate for sloping surfaces
not decrease the energy of the beam
Patients are monitored during treatment delivery with megavoltage treatment units by using which of the following? direct visual closed-circuit television two-way audio
not direct visual
Parameters that are needed to fabricate custom blocks include: Target to film distance SSD SAD source to tray distance
not ssd or sad
Any equipment or setup errors affecting treatment delivery must be reported to the oncologist and physicist. Malfunctions or errors resulting in misadministration must be reported to which of the following? Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Nuclear Commission of Incidence (NCI) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Company that made the treatment machine
nrc
A pathology report notes the presence of hyperplasia. This means the cells examined have an abnormal increase in: number invasiveness size differentiation
number
A Roentgen is defined by: Degree of blackening on the film Amount of fluorescence of crystal Number of ions produced in air Any absorbed dose
number of ions produced in air
The disadvantages of secondary beam shaping blocks include: 1. The shape of the field cannot always be accomplished 2. The blocks are made from lead sheets or bricks that may cause excessive weight on the tray 3. It is difficult to reproduce the shape of the field every day : 2 only 3 only 1 and 2 1, 2, and 3
one and two
Hypofractionation is: 1. Treatment given in fewer fractions than standard 2. Use of very low dose rates 3. Treatment given two or more times per day
one only
Tissue Air Ratio (TAR) is dependent on: 1. Depth 2. SSD 3. Field size 4. STD 1 & 2 1, 2, & 3 1 & 3 1, 2, 3, & 4
only depth and field size not ssd
Plaques are used to treat cancers of which anatomical area? tongue parotid orbit larynx
orbit
What does the oropharynx area include> 1. Base of tongue 2. Tonsil 3. Soft palate
oro-base of tonge, tonsil, soft palate
Of the following treatment units, which has the least amount of skin sparing? orthvoltage cobalt 4 MV beam 10 MV beam
orthovoltage
Which of the following is NOT considered megavoltage equipment? Betatron Orthovoltage Van de Graff generator Linear accelerator
orthovoltage
What is the most common primary bone cancer in children? Ewing's sarcoma germ cell tumors osteosarcoma rhabdomyosarcoma
osteosarcoma
Which of the following terms is defined as ear pain? Otaglia Odynophagia Autophagia Dystocia
otaglia
If blocking is used but the tray factor is not included in the MU calculation, the patient will receive: an underdose an overdose no difference in dose
overdose!!! commit to memory
The most common presenting symptom of patients with bone tumors is: Elevated blood count Decreased blood count Pathological fracture Pain
pain
The first priority in the management of a spinal cord compression is: The administration of steroids to reduce swelling Stabilization of the back Initiating radiation therapy Pain management None of the above
pain management
The immediate lymph drainage of the testicles is to: para-aortic lymph nodes external iliac nodes internal iliac nodes all of the above
para-aortic lymph nodes
This alternate route of nutrition bypasses the GI tract. It is useful when the GI tract is nonfunctional, but it does increase the rate of infection: Enteral Parenteral (TPN) Jejunal Tubes Gastric Tubes
parenteral around the stomach
Which salivary gland is associated with the Stensen duct? parotid submandibular sublingual minor
parotid
Wedges are most likely to be used for treatment of which of the following: parotid gland lung spine
parotid gland
The Compton effect is characterized by: no transfer of energy on collision partial transfer of energy on collision absence of secondary radiation presence of Auger electrons
partial transfer of energy on collision
TLDs are a form of: active monitoring passive monitoring both A & B neither A nor B
passive monitoring
The ability of an infectious agent to cause clinical disease is: Virulence Incubation Pathogenicity Convalescence
pathogenicity disease: pathogen
All of the following statements are true of patients having a Pancoast tumor EXCEPT: it may present with severe pain in shoulder and arm it may involve brachial plexus the patient usually has a mass in the lower lobe rib destruction is common
patient usually has a mass in the lower lobe
Which of the following tissue absorption factors uses Dmax as a point of reference? PDD TAR TMR TPR Selected Answer: Incorrect 1, 2, & 3 Answers: Correct 1 only 1 & 3 3 & 4 1, 2, & 3
pdd uses dmax only!
Which of the following is unrelated in calculating tumor dose using percentage depth dose? : Field size SSD Density Treatment time
pdd- no relation to treatment time density of bone reminds me that it would not penetrate as throughly
The difference between carcinoma-in-situ and invasive cancer is: penetration of basement membrane The presence of atypical cells The malignant status The number of cells present
penetration of the basement membrane
The thin layer of epithelium which lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities and is reflected over the surface of most abdominal organs is the:
peritoneum
Which imaging modality is beneficial in distinguishing between recurrent disease and other tissue changes post treatment? CT PET plain films MR
pet-disease activity
A minute red spot caused by the escape of small amounts of blood is called: Alopecia Hyperplasia Vector Petechiae
petechiae
After receiving radiation treatments, a patient will receive separate bills from: A. The physician B. The hospital facility C. The technical staff and nurses D. All of the above E. A & B
physician and hospital facility
A 50-year-old man has been a heavy smoker for years. He finds that his cough is becoming more severe and that he is becoming more and more short of breath upon mild exertion. One morning he awakens and looks in the mirror to find that his face and eyelids are swollen. He looks down at his hands and sees that they are swollen, too. All of the following are true, except: he probably has stage III lung cancer he probably has superior vena cava syndrome he will probably require palliative radiotherapy Correct he will probably require a pneumonectomy
pneumonectomy
Treatment for which cancer may lead to an increased risk of breast cancer in men? colon lung pancreatic prostate
prostate
A Strontium‑90 applicator may be useful in the treatment of which of the following diseases of the eye?
pterygium
______________________is the geometrical volume containing the GTV, CTV and taking into account uncertainties in the treatment set-up
ptv
The majority of hypopharyngeal lesions originate in the: Post-cricoid region Posterior pharyngeal wall Pyriform Sinus Supra epiglottic region
pyriform sinus
The quantity, dose equivalent, is used for _____ purposes only. treatment planning treatment unit calibrations radiation protection none of the above
radiation protection
The vertical portion of the mandible is called the:
ramus
Hematocrit is the percentage of the:
rbc
A diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease can only be made with: variety of cells, but no Reed Sternberg cells. combination of abnormal histiocytic and lymphocytic cells. predominant lymphocytes and large mononuclear cells only typical Reed Sternberg cells being present.
reed sternberg--hodgkins
The number of cancer cases (old and new) known to have been present during a given year per 100,000 population is known as: incidence rate. relative incidence rate. prevalence rate. age specific rate mortality rate.
relative incidence rate relative to 100,000 people
According to the legal doctrine of __________________, a case built around evidence demonstrating that an injury could not have occurred if there had been no negligence. Borrowed Servant Respondent Superior Personal Liability Res Ipsa Loquitor
res ipsa loquitor
__________________ sustains the life of organisms by providing an environment that supports the organism. Incubation Reservoir Bacteria Pathogen
reservoir
Granulocytopenic precautions are sometimes referred to as: SARS Contact Isolation Standard Precautions Reverse Isolation
reverse isolation
All of the following are examples of primary bone tumors except: malignant histiocytoma rhabdomyosarcoma osteosarcoma multiple myeloma
rhabdomyosarcoma- muscles fat bones
The physician's prescription for treatment should include all of the following except: Unit to be employed Total dose planned Monitor units given Depth of tumor
rx doesnt include the mu
The highest goal in Maslow's hierarchy scale of emotional development is called:
self actualziation
Of the following list of tumors which is felt to be the most radiosensitive? Ewing's Sarcoma Basal cell carcinoma Lymphosarcoma Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium Seminoma
seminoma-germ cell tumore of the testicle
The latent period following an acute whole body exposure resulting in death due to CNS complications is approximately:
several hours
The magnification factor times 100 equals:
sfd
The magnification factor times 100 equals: SDD SSD SFD None of the above
sfd mag has to do with the image...film...sfd
A shadow tray is a transparent plastic tray sitting below the source head which serves to hold the: Shielding blocks Secondary collimators Field delineation devices Secondary radiation sources
shielding blocks
A radiotherapy technique in which a higher dose of radiation is delivered to the main bulk of tumor than to surrounding microscopic tumors. shrinking field technique
shrinking field technique
The radiotherapy technique in which a higher dose of radiation is delivered to the main bulk of tumor than to surrounding microscopic tumors: Target Volume Technique Shrinking Field Technique Homogenous Field Technique None of the Above
shrinking field technique
The unit for stating the M.P.D. is the: Sievert maximum permissable dose
sievert
When billing the patient for treatment, the therapist has to choose from which of the following:
simple, intermediate, complex
A systemic disease is assumed to be present in patients diagnosed with: Esophageal carcinoma Meningioma Pituitary carcinoma Small cell lung carcinoma
small cell lung cancer
What is the most significant risk factor for developing bladder cancer? smoking caffeine bladder stones alcohol
smoking
Which of the following is not a term for genes involved in the cancer process? antioncogenes oncogenes protooncogenes somatooncogenes
somatooncogenes
What is the most common histologic form of cervical cancer? squamous cell adenocarcinoma epithelial germ cell
squamous cell
What is the most common histologic form of vaginal cancer? squamous cell adenocarcinoma epithelial germ cell
squamous cell
What is the most common histological type of head and neck cancer?
squamous cell carcinoma
Which of the following parameters does not influence TAR values? SSD Field size Energy Depth
ssd
______________ should be followed whenever performing a venipuncture procedure. Contact Precautions Airborne Precautions Standard Precautions Droplet Precautions
standard precautions
Cardiac and respiratory sounds and apical pulse determinations are made using a device called a: Sphygmomanometer Stethoscope Cardiac Monitor Spirometer
stethoscope duh
Tonsils include all of the following except: lingual palatine pharyngeal sublingual
sublingual
Which of the following is not one of the major phases of the grieving process? Submission Denial Bargaining
submission only
The head of the pancreas will normally be located within the: Lesser curvature of the stomach Splenic flexure Sweep (C-loop) of the duodenum Falciform ligamen
sweep (c-loop) of the duodenum
Which of the following is incorrect? Syncope relates to paleness. Epistaxis relates to nose bleed Edema relates to excessive fluid Lethargy relates to drowsiness
syncope relates to paleness
Blood pressure values are usually identified as:
systolic pressure over diastolic pressure.
When there is an accessory interlock fault, that's an indication that there could be problems with all of following, except: Personal block tray Electron cone Wedge Table locks
table locks
The ratio of the dose at any point in a phantom to the dose at the same point with the phantom removed is called the:
tar
The required measurements in developing a treatment plan includes all of the following except: target-film distance source-surface distance collimator setting tumor depth
target to film distance
The required measurements in developing a treatment plan include all of the following, except:
target-film distance
In adult CPR, the pulse should be checked at: The Brachial Artery The Carotid Artery The Femoral Artery Any of the Above
the carotid artery
The ratio of Normal tissue tolerance Dose is called: Tumor Lethal Dose
therapeutic ratio
In fields that abut on the skin surface, "feathering" the junction is done to: prevent fields from being overlapped spread out any hot or cold spot over a larger area to prevent a skin reaction allow for higher doses all of the above
this one is tricky seems like it would be all of the above but it is only spread out any hot or cold spot over a larger area
The largest percentage of esophageal carcinomas occur in the: Cervical esophagus Thoracic esophagus Terminal esophagus
thoracic esophagus
Patients can suffer from this painful fungal infection which can affect the insides of the cheek, gums, palate and throat:
thrush
Which of the following relationships is always direct'? TMR and field size TAR and SSD PDD and depth BSR and energy
tmr and field size tmr is dependent on the size of the field which makes it direct proportion tar is direct to all except ssd
1. In Latin, fide means: Half contract On the face of Do no harm To be faithful
to be faithful have faith someone will keep your secret
The four most common parenteral routes to administer a drug include all of the following except: Intramuscular Subcutaneous Topical Intravenous
topical
All of the following information is necessary to produce a custom block, except: target to film distance field orientation central axis location total tumor dose
total tumor dose
Contours taken with a solder wire are generally obtained in the ________ plane.
transverse
Proper disposal of radioactive sources with a half-life of less than 65 days includes: flushing into the sewer decay in storage followed by disposal in ordinary trash incineration transport for underground burial
trash it after decayal
When a patient has been treated with a cesium insertion for cervical cancer, why would she be treated with external beam radiation following the cesium? To decrease the size of the tumor To deliver a higher dose to the cervix To avoid infertility To treat the pelvic lymph nodes
treat pelvic lymph nodes
Using side and sagittal lasers to align a patient is known as:
triangulation
What structure of the neck is also known as the glottis? true vocal cords false vocal cord vestibular folds nasal turbinates
true vocal cords
When the given dose is multiplied by the percent depth dose, we obtain the: Air dose Tumor dose Absorbed dose Surface exposure of d-max dose
tumor dose
After programming the console, a fault light comes on momentarily, the machine then immediately goes into standby, what should you do?
u betta call somebody
I-131 therapy patients are allowed to go home when: Their dose is below 30 mCi
under 30
Anaplastic means:
undifferentiated, more primitive, less specialized
A "Simple Simulation" code would include all of the following, except: Use of contrast Reference marks Mammosite/HDR verification Verification films on set
use of contrast
Which of the following is a true documentation of a treatment? Localization film Verification film Simulation port film Diagnostic port film
verification film
A_______________ is the smallest type of microorganism known to produce disease. Fungi Virus Parasite Vector
virus
Myelosuppression is a problem encountered in large field therapeutic irradiation. Which of the following blood studies is most closely monitored as a result? White blood count Hematocrit Red blood count Platelets
wbc
COmprehensive chart check
weekly
Characteristics of cachexia in malignant disease include all of the following, except: Weight gain Anorexia Early satiety Muscle Wasting
weight gain