Virology - Success book

coxsackie A

"hand, foot, and mouth disease" and conjunctivitis

clinical significance of lentivirus

1. HIV 1 and HIV 2 are members of lentivirus 2. virus attacks host defense, specifically CD4+ T cells 3. AIDS related complex

viruses that cause neonatal infections

1. HSV 2. CMV 3. rubella

causes encephalitis

1. HSV 2. VZV 3. arboviruses

viruses that cause eye infections

1. HSV 2. adenovirus 3. VZV

medically important DNA viruses

1. HSV I and II 2. CMV 3. EBV 4. VZV 5. HHV 6 6. HHV 7 7. HHV 8 8. HPV 9. Poxvirus 10. adenovirus

viruses that cause cutaneous infections

1. HSV I and II 2. VZV 3. echovirus 4. measles virus 5. rubella virus 6. enterovirus 7. molluscum contagiosum virus 8. parvovirus B 19

viruses that cause genital infections

1. HSV II 2. HPV

clinical significance of HSV II

1. STD 2. can cause severe eye infections and CNS damage to infant

replication

1. adsorption 2. pentration 3. uncoating 4. eclipse period 5. assembly - maturation 6. cell lysis/budding

clinical significance of HPV

1. associated with cervical cancer

name the important viruses in the bunyaviridae

1. california encephalitis

clinical significance of CMV

1. can cause pneumonia and encephalitis in immuno comp patients 2. usually asymptomatic infections 3. can cause congenital infections

clinical significance of paramyxoviruses

1. causes croup (parainfluenza) 2. mumps (mumps virus) 3. measles or rubeola (morbillivirus) 4. most common cause of bronchitis and pneumonia in children worldwide (RSV)

clinical significance of VZV

1. chickenpox - spread by infection aerosols from vesicular lesion 2. shingles - reactivation of VZV

primary cell culture (describe, example of tube and virus)

1. diploid, permissive for a number of viruses, maintained for a short time 2. example - monkey kidney cells 3. influenza, parainfluenza, entero, and adeno

causes viral meningitis

1. enterovirus 2. echovirus 3. HSV I 4. HSV II 5. VZV

continuous cell line (describe, example of tube and virus)

1. heteroploid, can be maintained indefinately 2. example; A549 3. HSV, VZV, CMV, adenovirus, and rhinovirus

general characteristics of HPV

1. icosahedral shape 2. enveloped

general characteristics of adenovirus

1. icosahedral shape 2. naked

clinical significance of Human T-cell Lymphotropic virus (HTLV)

1. includes HTLV 1 and HTLV 2 2. linked to adult T cell leukemia 3. HTLV 1 - (HAM/TSP)

clinical significance of picornaviridae

1. includes enterovirus, hep A, rhinovirus 2. enterovirus (polio, coxsackie, echo) - acute nonspecific febrile syndrome 3. poliovirus - fecal - oral route. affinity for CNS. result in meningitis - paralytic polio. 4. salk vaccine - formalin - inactivated vaccine - safer 5. sabin vaccine - attenuated

clinical significance of orthomyxoviruses

1. includes influenza A, B, and C 2. HA and NA on their surface 3. antigenic drift and antigenic shift occurs 4. influenza A can infect other animals (pigs and birds)

general characteristics of Herpesvirus

1. infections are usually more severe in adults than in children (except neonates) 2. all produce latent infections 3. icosahedral shape with an envelope

clinical significance of EBV

1. infectious mononucleosis 2. burkitt lymphoma 3. nasopharyngeal carcinoma 4. heterophile antibodies

established cell line (describe, example of tube and virus)

1. low passage, finite cell lines, diploid. maintained longer than primary cell lines but not as permissive 2. MRC 5

name the important viruses in the paramyxoviridae

1. measles 2. mumps 3. RSV 4. parainfluenza 5. metapneumovirus

clinical significance of HSV I

1. mouth lesions/ fever blisters/ cold sores 2. grows on continuous cell line (A549) and established cells lines (MRC5) 3. syncytia sometimes seen 4. balloon cells

name the important viruses in the caliciviridae

1. norwalk 2. sapporo

general characteristics of Viruses

1. obligate intracellular parasites unable to self replicate 2. genome is either DNA or RNA and single or double stranded

clinical significance of adenovirus

1. resp infections in children 2. UTIs 3. gastrointestinal infections 4. pharyngitis 5. eye infections in newborns, military recruits, immunocompromised

medically important RNA viruses

1. retroviruses (lentivirus and HTLV) 2. orthomyxovirus 3. paramyxovirus 4. picornavirus 5. rotavirus 6. caliciviridae 7. togaviridae 8. flaviviridae 9. rhabdovirus 10. filoviridae

name the important viruses in the picornaviridae

1. rhinovirus 2. poliovirus 3. enterovirus 4. ECHO virus 5. coxsackievirus 6. Hepatitis A

viruses that cause gastroenteritis

1. rotavirus 2. norwalk 3. adenovirus 4. calcivirus

name the important viruses in the reoviridae

1. rotavirus 2. reovirus

name the important viruses in the togaviridae

1. rubella 2. western equine encephalitis virus 3. eastern equine encephalitis virus

clinical significance of poxvirus

1. smallpox caused by Variola major virus 2. molluscipoxvirus causign molluscum contagiosum

viral structure

1. virion 2. capsid 3. capsomer 4. nucleocapsid 5. envelope

name the important viruses in the flaviviridae

1. yellow fever 2. dengue fever 3. St. louis encephalitis 4. Hep C 5. West Nile virus

which virus induces enlarged cells with a basophilic intranuclear inclusion referred to as "owl eye" inclusion

CMV

what is the significant lentivirus

HIV

name two significant retrovirus

HTLV and HIV

clinical significance of HHV8

Kaposi sarcoma

causes pneumonia in children

RSV

important virus from the genus pneumovirus

RSV

reservoir of marburg and ebola

bats

reservoir of west nile virus

birds

rabies appearance

bullet shaped

norovirus belongs to which family

caliciviridae

reservoir for rabies

cat, dog, racoon

coxsackie B

causes one third of myocarditis. also associated with meningitis

clin sig of rabies

convulsions, coma, fatal encephalitis

marburg and ebola virus is part of which of family

filoviridae

west nile virus belongs to which family

flaviviridae

rhinovirus

frequent cause of the common cold

what are arboviruses

genetically unrelated viruses transmitted by arthropods, includes togaviridae (eastern and western equine viruses) and flaviviridae (St. Louis encelphalitis virus)

clin sig of marburg and ebola

hemorrhagic fever and high fatality

clinical sig of norovirus

highly contagious and important cause of gastroenteritis

name the important viruses in the orthomyxoviridae

influenzae A, B, and C

antigenic shift

major change. occurs only with Influenza A. reassortment of the RNA genome of two different viruses within the same host cell resulting in a new combination of viral surface glycoproteins.

name the important viruses in the filoviridae

marburg and ebola

clin sig of rubella virus

mild infection however severe congenital infections

clinical sig of rotavirus

most important cause of gastrointestinal infections in child < 2yrs old

antigenic drift

occurs in all three viruses. point mutations in the genes encoding HA and NA

which virus causes croup

parainfluenza

name the important virus in the rhabdoviridae

rabies virus

rotavirus belongs to which familiy

reoviridae

rabies virus belongs to which family

rhabdovirus

clinical significance of HHV7

roseola

clinical significance of HHV6

roseola and/or sixth disease

virus that cause gastroenteritis and infects young children

rotavirus

CPE of RSV is characterized by...

syncytia

rubella virus belongs to which family

togaviridae

clin sig of west nile virus

typically mild infection however can cause fatal encephalitis

which virus causes smallpox

variola virus

rotavirus appearance

wheel-like appearance