Virology - Success book
coxsackie A
"hand, foot, and mouth disease" and conjunctivitis
clinical significance of lentivirus
1. HIV 1 and HIV 2 are members of lentivirus 2. virus attacks host defense, specifically CD4+ T cells 3. AIDS related complex
viruses that cause neonatal infections
1. HSV 2. CMV 3. rubella
causes encephalitis
1. HSV 2. VZV 3. arboviruses
viruses that cause eye infections
1. HSV 2. adenovirus 3. VZV
medically important DNA viruses
1. HSV I and II 2. CMV 3. EBV 4. VZV 5. HHV 6 6. HHV 7 7. HHV 8 8. HPV 9. Poxvirus 10. adenovirus
viruses that cause cutaneous infections
1. HSV I and II 2. VZV 3. echovirus 4. measles virus 5. rubella virus 6. enterovirus 7. molluscum contagiosum virus 8. parvovirus B 19
viruses that cause genital infections
1. HSV II 2. HPV
clinical significance of HSV II
1. STD 2. can cause severe eye infections and CNS damage to infant
replication
1. adsorption 2. pentration 3. uncoating 4. eclipse period 5. assembly - maturation 6. cell lysis/budding
clinical significance of HPV
1. associated with cervical cancer
name the important viruses in the bunyaviridae
1. california encephalitis
clinical significance of CMV
1. can cause pneumonia and encephalitis in immuno comp patients 2. usually asymptomatic infections 3. can cause congenital infections
clinical significance of paramyxoviruses
1. causes croup (parainfluenza) 2. mumps (mumps virus) 3. measles or rubeola (morbillivirus) 4. most common cause of bronchitis and pneumonia in children worldwide (RSV)
clinical significance of VZV
1. chickenpox - spread by infection aerosols from vesicular lesion 2. shingles - reactivation of VZV
primary cell culture (describe, example of tube and virus)
1. diploid, permissive for a number of viruses, maintained for a short time 2. example - monkey kidney cells 3. influenza, parainfluenza, entero, and adeno
causes viral meningitis
1. enterovirus 2. echovirus 3. HSV I 4. HSV II 5. VZV
continuous cell line (describe, example of tube and virus)
1. heteroploid, can be maintained indefinately 2. example; A549 3. HSV, VZV, CMV, adenovirus, and rhinovirus
general characteristics of HPV
1. icosahedral shape 2. enveloped
general characteristics of adenovirus
1. icosahedral shape 2. naked
clinical significance of Human T-cell Lymphotropic virus (HTLV)
1. includes HTLV 1 and HTLV 2 2. linked to adult T cell leukemia 3. HTLV 1 - (HAM/TSP)
clinical significance of picornaviridae
1. includes enterovirus, hep A, rhinovirus 2. enterovirus (polio, coxsackie, echo) - acute nonspecific febrile syndrome 3. poliovirus - fecal - oral route. affinity for CNS. result in meningitis - paralytic polio. 4. salk vaccine - formalin - inactivated vaccine - safer 5. sabin vaccine - attenuated
clinical significance of orthomyxoviruses
1. includes influenza A, B, and C 2. HA and NA on their surface 3. antigenic drift and antigenic shift occurs 4. influenza A can infect other animals (pigs and birds)
general characteristics of Herpesvirus
1. infections are usually more severe in adults than in children (except neonates) 2. all produce latent infections 3. icosahedral shape with an envelope
clinical significance of EBV
1. infectious mononucleosis 2. burkitt lymphoma 3. nasopharyngeal carcinoma 4. heterophile antibodies
established cell line (describe, example of tube and virus)
1. low passage, finite cell lines, diploid. maintained longer than primary cell lines but not as permissive 2. MRC 5
name the important viruses in the paramyxoviridae
1. measles 2. mumps 3. RSV 4. parainfluenza 5. metapneumovirus
clinical significance of HSV I
1. mouth lesions/ fever blisters/ cold sores 2. grows on continuous cell line (A549) and established cells lines (MRC5) 3. syncytia sometimes seen 4. balloon cells
name the important viruses in the caliciviridae
1. norwalk 2. sapporo
general characteristics of Viruses
1. obligate intracellular parasites unable to self replicate 2. genome is either DNA or RNA and single or double stranded
clinical significance of adenovirus
1. resp infections in children 2. UTIs 3. gastrointestinal infections 4. pharyngitis 5. eye infections in newborns, military recruits, immunocompromised
medically important RNA viruses
1. retroviruses (lentivirus and HTLV) 2. orthomyxovirus 3. paramyxovirus 4. picornavirus 5. rotavirus 6. caliciviridae 7. togaviridae 8. flaviviridae 9. rhabdovirus 10. filoviridae
name the important viruses in the picornaviridae
1. rhinovirus 2. poliovirus 3. enterovirus 4. ECHO virus 5. coxsackievirus 6. Hepatitis A
viruses that cause gastroenteritis
1. rotavirus 2. norwalk 3. adenovirus 4. calcivirus
name the important viruses in the reoviridae
1. rotavirus 2. reovirus
name the important viruses in the togaviridae
1. rubella 2. western equine encephalitis virus 3. eastern equine encephalitis virus
clinical significance of poxvirus
1. smallpox caused by Variola major virus 2. molluscipoxvirus causign molluscum contagiosum
viral structure
1. virion 2. capsid 3. capsomer 4. nucleocapsid 5. envelope
name the important viruses in the flaviviridae
1. yellow fever 2. dengue fever 3. St. louis encephalitis 4. Hep C 5. West Nile virus
which virus induces enlarged cells with a basophilic intranuclear inclusion referred to as "owl eye" inclusion
CMV
what is the significant lentivirus
HIV
name two significant retrovirus
HTLV and HIV
clinical significance of HHV8
Kaposi sarcoma
causes pneumonia in children
RSV
important virus from the genus pneumovirus
RSV
reservoir of marburg and ebola
bats
reservoir of west nile virus
birds
rabies appearance
bullet shaped
norovirus belongs to which family
caliciviridae
reservoir for rabies
cat, dog, racoon
coxsackie B
causes one third of myocarditis. also associated with meningitis
clin sig of rabies
convulsions, coma, fatal encephalitis
marburg and ebola virus is part of which of family
filoviridae
west nile virus belongs to which family
flaviviridae
rhinovirus
frequent cause of the common cold
what are arboviruses
genetically unrelated viruses transmitted by arthropods, includes togaviridae (eastern and western equine viruses) and flaviviridae (St. Louis encelphalitis virus)
clin sig of marburg and ebola
hemorrhagic fever and high fatality
clinical sig of norovirus
highly contagious and important cause of gastroenteritis
name the important viruses in the orthomyxoviridae
influenzae A, B, and C
antigenic shift
major change. occurs only with Influenza A. reassortment of the RNA genome of two different viruses within the same host cell resulting in a new combination of viral surface glycoproteins.
name the important viruses in the filoviridae
marburg and ebola
clin sig of rubella virus
mild infection however severe congenital infections
clinical sig of rotavirus
most important cause of gastrointestinal infections in child < 2yrs old
antigenic drift
occurs in all three viruses. point mutations in the genes encoding HA and NA
which virus causes croup
parainfluenza
name the important virus in the rhabdoviridae
rabies virus
rotavirus belongs to which familiy
reoviridae
rabies virus belongs to which family
rhabdovirus
clinical significance of HHV7
roseola
clinical significance of HHV6
roseola and/or sixth disease
virus that cause gastroenteritis and infects young children
rotavirus
CPE of RSV is characterized by...
syncytia
rubella virus belongs to which family
togaviridae
clin sig of west nile virus
typically mild infection however can cause fatal encephalitis
which virus causes smallpox
variola virus
rotavirus appearance
wheel-like appearance