Final Part 2
How many rounds of DNA Replication were needed to disprove the Conservative method?
1
How many basic types of nucleic acids exist?
2
How many molecules of ATP does anaerobic respiration provide?
2
Which of the following correctly represents the electron carriers that are reduced during the citric acid (Krebs) cycle?
2 FADH2 and 6 NADH+H+
If the cell of a diploid organism (2n = 6) undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes are present in each daughter cell at the end of meiosis II?
3
If the cell of a diploid organism (2n = 6) undergoes meiosis, how many different chromosome homologs are present in each daughter cell at the end of meiosis I?
3
The sugar end of the DNA strand is referred to as the _____ end and the phosphate end is referred to as the _____ end.
3' ; 5'
The egg cell of a rabbit, which is a diploid organism, has 22 chromosomes. How many chromosomes can be found in a rabbit's neuron cell?
44
A nucleic acid monomer is called
A nucleotide
A phosphodiester bond links:
A sugar and a phosphate group
Which of the following are produced in the dark reactions?
ADP, NADP+, G3P
Which of the following statements is true?
Adenine forms hydrogen bonds with thymine.
Which of the following stages/processes releases carbon dioxide?
Alcoholic fermentation
In order to perform glycolysis, which of the following needs to happen?
An investment of two ATP molecules
This emanates from the centrosome to position the mitotic spindle within the cell.
Astral microtubule
What kind of organism was used to investigate the method of DNA Replication?
Bacteria
Which of the following molecules are used as electron carriers during cellular respiration?
Both NAD and FAD
Which of the following is a similarity between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Both produce a form of chemical energy as a product
All of the following occur during interphase EXCEPT:
Cell division
The organelle that serves as a microtubule organizing center during cell division is the
Centrosome
Electrons are excited in what molecule of the reaction center?
Chlorophyll a
Which is true of chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll becomes oxidized by light energy
The combination of multiple histones and DNA is called what?
Chromatin
Which of the following statements is true of chromatin?
Chromatin involves interaction between DNA and proteins
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Chromosome replication occurs during S phase.
In which method of DNA Replication would all parent DNA be conserved in the original molecule?
Conservative
Which is the enzyme that attaches daughter nucleotides to the parent strand during DNA replication?
DNA Polymerase
Which enzyme is responsible for binding Okazaki fragments together?
DNA ligase
Why can't DNA polymerase work continuously on both parent strands?
DNA polymerase only works in the 3' to 5' direction.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Which of the following forms the backbone of a DNA molecule?
Deoxyribose and a phosphate group
Which of the following represents the oxidized form of flavin adenine dinucleotide during cellular respiration?
FAD
What color of visible light does chlorophyll reflect?
Green
Which of the following bases are categorized as purines?
Guanine and adenine
DNA consists of four different nitrogenous bases, which are:
Guanine, adenine, thymine and cytosine
At conception, your mother contributed a gene that encoded for the sickle hemoglobin (hemoglobin S), while your father contributed the same gene that encoded for normal hemoglobin (hemoglobin A). Which of the following denotes the DNA structures which carry these variants?
Homologs and homologous chromosomes.
Which of the following statements is true?
Hydrogen bonds can form between bases in a single RNA molecule.
Which of the following are primary functions of the centromere? I. Hold sister chromatids together II. Protect chromosomes III. Repair DNA damage
I
Which of the following structures does NOT participate in the cell division of a sunflower cell? I. Contractile ring II. Cell plate III. Vesicle
I
Loss of one of the telomeres of a chromosome could result in which of the following? I. Chromosome shortening II. Loss of genomic information III. An increase in chromosome number
I and II
Replication precedes which of the following types of cell division? I. Mitosis II. Meiosis I III. Meiosis II
I and II
Which of the following are reasons why RNA is generally less stable than DNA? I. Fewer hydrogen bonds II. Prevalence of proteins that can degrade RNA III. Fewer -OH groups in the sugar of RNA
I and II
The following concepts led to the hypothesis that DNA has a double helix structure: I. The ratio of A:T is 1:1. II. The ratio of G:C is 2:1 III. DNA strands are antiparallel
I and III
Which of the following statements about NAD are FALSE? I. It is the major energy currency used in all cellular processes. II. It can be used to temporarily store energy harvested during cellular respiration. III. It can be used to make ADP.
I and III
Which of the following statements about gametes are true? I. In sexual reproduction, each parent provides genetic material for the formation of either an egg or a sperm cell. II. Gametes are produced by mitosis. III. If a sexually reproducing organism is diploid, the gametes are haploid.
I and III
Which of the following are ways in which RNA is different than DNA: I. Single-stranded II. Ribose III. Uracil
I, II and III
Which of the following is a primary function of a nucleic acid? I. Structural support II. Storage of information III. Energy storage
II
Which of the following is an example of aneuploidy? I. A haploid cell with one copy of chromosome 21 II. A diploid cell with three copies of chromosome 21 III. A diploid cell with four copies of the X chromosome
II and III
Place the following terms in order building out from the most basic informational subunit to the entire genetic unit: I. Chromosome II. DNA III. Chromatin IV. Nucleosome
II, IV, III, I
Where are hydrogen bonds located within the DNA?
In the center of the molecule linking the nitrogen bases of both strands
Glycolysis happens
In the cytoplasm of cells
How is oxygen used in cellular respiration?
It accepts electrons and protons to form water
Why is it necessary that the DNA helicase unwinds the DNA?
It exposes the nitrogenous bases of the nucleic acid chain so that new nucleotides can be added to create the daughter strand.
Which of the following statements about asexual reproduction is NOT true?
It is a seldom used form of reproduction.
Which of the following scientists are credited with discovering the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick
Who performed the experiment that proved semi-conservative DNA replication was correct?
Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl
____ is a special type of cell division that makes gamete cells for sexual reproduction.
Meiosis
Chromosomes are maximally condensed at this step.
Metaphase
The process in which the duplicated DNA of a diploid cell is separated into two daughter cells is called:
Mitosis
In the Meselson-Stahl experiment, why does N-15 DNA sink to a lower level than N-14 in a centrifuge tube?
N-15 DNA has a higher density than N-14 DNA.
How is the N-15 isotope different from the N-14 atom?
N-15 has one extra neutron.
What is the electron carrier in glycolysis that becomes reduced?
NAD+
What are the small components (monomers) that make up the large DNA polymer?
Nucleotides
Which of the following describes the reactions in photosynthesis?
Overall they are anabolic because larger molecules are being built
Chromosome condensation:
Packages chromosomal DNA more compactly in preparation for mitosis
Crossing over occurs during which phase of meiosis?
Prophase I
Which of the following meiosis II events are correctly ordered?
Prophase II, metaphase II, chromatid separation, chromosome decondensation
Organize these steps in the order in which they would occur during cell division.
Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Which of the following steps of the electron transport chain directly drives ADP phosphorylation?
Proton flow through ATP synthase along a concentration gradient.
Which is the enzyme that builds the RNA primer?
RNA Primase
Which of these statements isn't true?
RNA is stable
Which describes carbon fixation in the dark reactions?
RuBisCo converts inorganic carbon dioxide into organic molecules
Chromosome de-condensation occurs during this step.
Telophase
Which step of cellular respiration provides the greatest number of ATP molecules?
The Electron Transport Chain
All of the following statements are correct EXCEPT:
The components of the cell plate formed during cytokinesis are produced by the mitochondrion.
What is the relationship between energy transformations in photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
The end form of energy in photosynthesis is used as the starting form in cellular respiration
What happens to the RNA primer once DNA replication is begun by DNA polymerase?
The primer is removed.
Why do DNA strands need to be antiparallel?
The strands need to run in opposite directions for hydrogen bonding to work.
Which word part is used to designate that a molecule is an enzyme?
The suffix '-ase'
Which is true of the dark reactions?
They do not directly use sunlight energy
Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in RNA?
Thymine
What is the purpose of the RNA primer?
To initiate the process of DNA replication
Why must pyruvate be reduced during fermentation?
To regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis
What is the net gain of ATP molecules that are produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?
Two
Which of the following is NOT one of the nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
Uracil
Which of the following statements is true?
With the exception of identical twins, each person has a unique DNA sequence.
In order to produce the most ATP, an organism needs to perform
aerobic cellular respiration
ATP is created during the light reactions during which event that is similar to what occurs in cellular respiration?
by a proton concentration gradient and ATP synthase
What product from the Krebs cycle is waste for your body?
carbon dioxide
Which of the following is a reactant of photosynthesis and a product of cellular respiration?
carbon dioxide
Electrons are excited by energy absorbed by
chlorophyll and accessory pigments
A discrete unit of DNA that produces a protein that provides the functionality a cell needs is _____.
gene
A diploid cell which has one copy of chromosome 16 would be _____.
monosomic
Two aberrant cells are found in the dividing skin tissue of an otherwise normal human. One cell has only one copy of chromosome 16, while the other has three copies. The cause of these aberrant cells is most likely due to _____.
nondisjunction
The location where the process of DNA replication begins is called the _____.
origin of replication
When DNA helicase separates the two parental strands, it creates a Y-shape called a _____.
replication fork
Because hydrogen bonds are weak bonds, they create a perfect site for _____.
separating nucleic acid strands
When living cells break down molecules of food, energy is
stored as ATP
Which of the parent DNA strands is replicated discontinuously?
the lagging strand
Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between
two phosphate groups
