(FINAL) Rad 175 Exam 1 Review

Protective aprons worn during fluoroscopy must possess at least ___ mm lead equivalency (Pb/Eq.) 0.15 0.75 1 0.5

0.5

Where is the CR centered for the AP oblique (Grashey method) position for the glenoid cavity? • Coracoid process • 1 inch (2.5 cm) superior to the coracoid process • 2 inches (5 cm) medial and inferior to the superolateral border of shoulder • Acromion

2 inches (5 cm) medial and inferior to the superolateral border of shoulder

Where is the CR centered for the AP oblique (Grashey method) position for the glenoid cavity? • 2 inches (5 cm) medial and inferior to the superolateral border of the shoulder • 1 inch (2.5 cm) superior to the coracoid process • Acromion • Coracoid process

2 inches (5 cm) medial and inferior to the superolateral border of the shoulder

Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal scout image for an upper GI procedure. iliac crest lower rib margin 2 inches above the iliac crest L3

2 inches above the iliac crest

Which of the following shoulder projections best demonstrates the glenoid cavity in profile? • Garth method • Grashey method • AP shoulder, neutral rotation • Clements modification

Grashey method

Which position of the hand will place the humerus in internal rotation? back of the hand against the thigh supine prone palm against the thigh

back of the hand against the thigh

Which of the following AP shoulder projections demonstrates the lesser tubercle in profile medially? Neutral rotation Internal rotation External rotation None of the above

Internal rotation

Which rotation of the humerus will result in a lateral position of the proximal humerus? • Neutral rotation (epicondyles 45 degrees to the IR) • External rotation (epicondyles parallel to the IR) • Internal rotation (epicondyles perpendicular to the IR) • None of the above

Internal rotation (epicondyles perpendicular to the IR)

For an AP projection of the shoulder with the arm in a neutral position, the epicondyles of the humerus should be: 50 degrees with the plane of the IR 45 degrees with the plane of the IR Perpendicular with the plane of the IR parallel with the plane of the IR

45 degrees with the plane of the IR

The optimum kVp range for imaging with water soluble iodine-containing contrast. 40-50 105-115 80-90 55-65

80-90

How far should the arm be abducted for an inferosuperior projection of the shoulder joint? 15 degrees 90 degrees 45 degrees 30 degrees

90 degrees

Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head and tuberosity free of superimposition? AP oblique with internal rotation AP oblique with external rotation Lateral AP

AP oblique with external rotation

Select all that apply, which of the following projections are improved significantly with the use of a compensating filter? AP elbow AP shoulder Medial oblique wrist Lateral forearm

AP shoulder

Which projection of the shoulder requires that the patient be rotated 45 to 60 degrees toward the IR from a PA position? • Inferosuperior axiolateral projection • PA oblique projection - scapular Y lateral • AP oblique projection • None of the above

PA oblique projection - scapular Y lateral

Select all that apply. Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract? Air Barium sulfate Water-soluble iodinated solution Glucagon Gadolinium

Air Barium sulfate Water-soluble iodinated solution

Select the negative contrast agent Carbon dioxide Gastografin (iodine) Hypaque/Gastroview (iodine) Barium

Carbon dioxide

Select all that apply. Which of the following organs lie in the pelvic cavity? Kidneys Pancreas Rectum Urinary bladder

Rectum Urinary bladder

Select two, which of the following bones makes up the shoulder girdle? scapula humerus clavicle sternum

scapula clavicle

For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal? Sthenic Hypersthenic Hyposthenic Asthenic

Hypersthenic

A radiograph of an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection reveals that there is an excessive amount of grid line present. A 6:1 linear grid is used. Which of the following adjustments is best to correct this position of the repeat exposure? - Decrease the SID - Keep the image receptor perpendicular to the femoral neck - Remove the grid - Keep the image receptor parallel to the femoral neck and perpendicular to CR

- Keep the image receptor parallel to the femoral neck and perpendicular to CR

For an AP projection of the shoulder, the central ray should enter: 2 inches inferior to the coracoid process 1 inch inferior to the acromion 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process 2 inches inferior to the acromion

1 inch inferior to the coracoid process

The IR size commonly used for an AP projection of the shoulder is: 7 x 17 inches 8 x 10 inches 10 x 12 inches 11 x 14 inches

10 x 12 inches

The optimum kVp range used for imaging with ingested Barium contrast is: 75-85 60-70 45-55 100 and above

100 and above

What medial central ray (CR) angle is required for the inferosuperior axial shoulder (Lawrence method)? 5 to 10 25 to 30 10 to 15 40 to 45

25 to 30

How many degrees is the body rotated for an AP oblique projection (Grashey method) of the shoulder joint? 35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side 20 degrees away from the affected side 35 to 45 degrees away from the affected side 20 degrees toward the affected side

35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side

For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical? Sthenic Asthenic Hyposthenic Hypersthenic

Asthenic

Where is the CR centered for a PA projection of the hand? • At the third proximal interphalangeal joint • At the third distal interphalangeal joint • At the base of the third metacarpal • At the third metacarpophalangeal joint

At the third metacarpophalangeal joint

Select the positive contrast agent: Carbon dioxide Glucagon Room Air Barium

Barium

Toward which aspects of the stomach will barium gravitate with the patient in a prone position: Fundus Body and pylorus Fundus and body Cardiac

Body and pylorus

What type of compensating filter is recommended for an AP shoulder projection? Wedge Trough Gradient Boomerang

Boomerang

What type of solution is formed when barium is mixed with water? Water-soluble solution Isotonic solution Hypotonic solution Colloidal suspension

Colloidal suspension

What is the respiration phase for a KUB image obtained with the patient in the supine position? Expiration Slow, deep breathing Inspiration Suspended respiration

Expiration

For an AP oblique (Grashey method) projection of the shoulder, the CR is centered to the acromion True False

False

One radiograph of an upper GI series needs repeating. The fundus is filled with barium, and the pylorus and duodenal bulb are profiled, and air filled. The patient was recumbent for all projections. Which projection and/or position needs to be repeated? RAO Right lateral PA LPO

LPO (this means the fundus is filled because they're supine and leaning LPO)

Patient preparation for an adult upper GI series includes: Select two • NPO at least 4 hours before the procedure • NPO at least 8 hours before the procedure • nothing: no patient preparation is required • NPO 24 hours before the procedure • NPO from midnight until the exam

NPO at least 8 hours before the procedure NPO from midnight until the exam

How much CR angulation should be used for a PA oblique (scapular Y) projection? 20 to 30 degrees 35 to 45 degrees 10 to 15 degrees No CR angle is required

No CR angle is required

Which of the following AP shoulder projections demonstrates the greater tubercle in profile medially? Neutral rotation None of the above External rotation Internal rotation

None of the above

Which of the following AP shoulder projections demonstrates the greater tubercle in profile medially? • Neutral rotation • Internal rotation • External rotation • None of the above

None of the above (trick question) B/c internal rotation would be lesser tubercle in profile (medially). External rotation is greater tubercle in profile (laterally)

For an AP projection of the shoulder, the central ray should be directed: 15 to 30 degrees Perpendicular (⊥) to the IR 15 degrees 30 degrees

Perpendicular (⊥) to the IR

The central-ray angulation for an AP abdominal image is: 5 degrees caudad 7 degrees cephalad Perpendicular to the IR 5 degrees cephalad

Perpendicular to the IR

For an AP projection of the shoulder with the humerus in internal rotation, the epicondyles of the humerus should be: 45 degrees with the plane of the IR 60 degrees with the plane of the IR parallel to the plane of the IR Perpendicular to the plane of the IR

Perpendicular to the plane of the IR

Which aspect of the stomach is attached to the duodenum? Body Pylorus Fundus Cardiac

Pylorus

Which is the most commonly fractured carpal bone? Scaphoid Lunate Hamate Trapezium

Scaphoid

Select all that apply. Which of the following organs lie in the abdominal cavity? Stomach Gallbladder Rectum Kidneys

Stomach Gallbladder Kidneys

How is the patient positioned for an abdominal scout image for an upper GI procedure? Select all that apply. Upright PA Right or Left Lateral Supine AP Left Lateral Decubitus

Supine AP

The acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the: acromion process of the scapula glenoid cavity sternal extremity of the clavicle coracoid process

acromion process of the scapula

The lesser tubercle is situated on which surface of the humerus posterior anterior lateral medial

anterior

The rounded head of the humerus fits into an oval depression on the lateral aspect of the scapula called the: lateral angle glenoid cavity neck acromion

glenoid cavity

PA oblique projection of the shoulder (scapular Y) is performed to evaluate: humeral dislocations soft tissue swelling SC joint separation scapulohumeral joint narrowing

humeral dislocations

When using computed radiography (CR), inadequate kV or mAs will produce a _____ image? mottled blurry light dark

mottled

What is the CR angle for a lateral forearm? 5 degrees cephalic 15 degrees cephalic 5 degrees caudal 15 degrees caudal perpendicular

perpendicular

Select all that apply, which of the following are clearly demonstrated on the inferosuperior axial projection of the shoulder joint? proximal humerus sternal clavicular joint acromioclavicular articulation scapulohumeral joint

proximal humerus acromioclavicular articulation scapulohumeral joint

The muscle controlling the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is termed the: pylorus pyloric sphincter ileocecal valve pyloric antrum

pyloric sphincter

The articulation between the glenoid cavity and head of the humerus is called the: scapulohumeral joint acromioclavicular joint sphenoidal joint synovial joint

scapulohumeral joint

The respiration phase for an AP projection of the shoulder should be: expiration shallow breathing inspiration suspended

suspended

A lateral projection of the shoulder and proximal humerus can be obtained with which of the following? AP oblique (Grashey) inferosuperior axial (Lawrence) inferosuperior axial (West Point) transthoracic lateral (Lawrence)

transthoracic lateral (Lawrence)

A patient enters the ED with a midshaft humeral fracture. The AP projection taken on the cart demonstrates another fracture near the surgical neck of the humerus. The patient is unable to stand or rotate the humerus because of the extent of the trauma. What other projections could be taken for this patient? • Upright PA oblique projection - scapular Y lateral • Horizontal beam transthoracic lateral projection for humerus • Apical oblique projection • Rotational lateral projection for humerus • Supine AP oblique projection - scapular Y lateral

• Horizontal beam transthoracic lateral projection for humerus • Supine AP oblique projection - scapular Y lateral

Select all that apply. Which oral contrast agent(s) would be considered safe to administer if there is a potential esophageal or GI perforation. • Thick Barium sulfate • Hypaque/Gastrographin/Gastroview • Water-soluble iodine • BASO4 • Thin Barium sulfate

• Hypaque/Gastrographin/Gastroview • Water-soluble iodine

Which of the following shoulder positions is considered a trauma projection (can be performed safely for a possible fracture or dislocation of the proximal humerus)? Select all that are considered for trauma situations • Transthoracic lateral projection • AP projection - internal rotation • Inferosuperior axial (Clements modification) projection • AP projection - neutral • PA oblique projection - scapular Y lateral

• Transthoracic lateral projection • AP projection - neutral • PA oblique projection - scapular Y lateral

Select all that apply. Which of the following is used to evaluate rotation on a KUB image? • ischial spines, if visible, are symmetric • alae of the ilia are symmetric • diaphragms to pubic symphysis are visible • Right or Left marker visible • Spinous process of the lumbar vertebrae should be in the center of the vertebral body

• ischial spines, if visible, are symmetric • alae of the ilia are symmetric • Spinous process of the lumbar vertebrae should be in the center of the vertebral body

Select all that apply. A properly exposed abdominal image will exhibit the: • psoas muscles • lower border of the liver • bladder • transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae • renal pelvis

• psoas muscles • lower border of the liver • transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae