Final Review

The National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement reported what in 1931?

"the greatest promise for the future of policing is the college or university"

Restricted districts

1) Business District- Business's adjacent to highway, at least 300ft of frontage2) Residence District-Residences adjacent to highway, at least 300ft of frontage Urban Districts-improved structures adjacent to the highways not in a municipality

How far park from a driveway entrance to a fire station?

20 Feet

How far to park from a crosswalk at intersection? (545.302)

20 Feet

The Department of Public Safety can appoint up to how many railroad peace officers?

250 (2.121)

Right to trial by jury in civil cases

7th Amendment

Individual's Rights

9th Amendment

Passenger car

A motor vehicle, other than a motorcycle, used to transport persons and designed to accommodate 10 of fewer passengers, including the operator

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

8th Amendment

Permitting Unauthorized Person to Drive

A person may not knowingly permit or authorize the person's child or ward that is under the age of 18 to operate a motor vehicle.

-throws a object or discharges a firearm or weapon at train. Class B Misdemeanor. -unless causes bodily injury - F3 b) knowingly enters railroad property; tamper with property; obstruction; derailment Class C

Interference with Railroad Property (28.07)

Intentionally or knowingly takes/retains a child under 18 y/o and is aware that this violates terms of a court custody order SJF

Interfering with Child Custody (25.03)

VOLUNTARY intoxication does not constitute a defense to the commission of the crime.

Intoxication

vitamins, minerals, water

Non Fuel Nutrients

If defendant offers, confers, or agrees to confer any benefit on a public servant that he knows the public servant is prohibited by law from accepting. Class A misdemeanor.

Offering Gift to Public Servant (36.09)

"'With respect to circumstance surrounding his conduct or the result of his conduct when he is aware of but consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the circumstance exist or the result will occur."

Recklessly

exercise program should be regular and provide recovery time.

Regularity and Recovery

Petition

Person may apply for an occupational license by filing a verified petition with the clerk of a justice, county, or district court only if license is suspended.

Interference with traffic-control device or railroad sign or signal

Person may not without without lawful authority tamper, alter, knock down, or remove an official traffic- control device.

for improvements in fitness, the demands placed on the body must be greater than those of daily activities. As the body adapts, demand must be gradually increased.

Progressive Overload

Intentionally or Knowingly engages in sexual intercourse/deviate sexual intercourse with a person actor knows to be stepchild/stepparent, brother/sister, etc. (Incest)Felony 3

Prohibited Sexual Conduct (25.02)

Starts a fire or causes explosion w/intent or recklessly destroys or damages. SJF - if reckless F2 - if intentional F1 - if 1. intentional and; 2. causes death or SBI; or 3. the structure was a place or worship

Arson (28.02)

Legislative Branch (Senate & Congress)

Article 1 - US Constitution

Executive Branch (Presidency)

Article 2 - US Constitution

Judicial Branch (Supreme Court)

Article 3 - US Constitution

National Unity & Power

Article 4 - US Constitution

Amending the Constitution

Article 5 - US Constitution

National Supremacy

Article 6 - US Constitution

Ratification

Article 7 - US Constitution

What was the predecessor document to the US Constitution?

Articles of Confederation (nullified on April 30, 1789)

Inverted U Principle

As heart rate increases, the ability to perform physically and process information improves to a point then begins to drop.

AID LIFE

Ask, Intervene immediately, Don't keep it a secret, Locate help, Inform supervisor of the situation, Fine someone to stay with the person, Expedite.

Intentionally, Knowingly, or Recklessly causes bodily injury to another person. Class A misdemeanor. 2nd Degree felony against a peace officer or judge. 3rd degree against public servant.

Assault

Ended Texas' time as a province of Mexico and made it into a free and independent republic.

Battle of San Jacinto (1836)

Traffic-control signals in general

Can be a person or sign, in place to regulate traffic flow.

Unattended Motor Vehicle(545.404)

Can't leave vehicle unless: the engine is stopped, ignition locked, keys removed, and the parking brake is set and if on a grade turn the wheels towards the curb or side of the highway (NOT required to lock doors)

Engaging two or more times in Trafficking of Persons within a 30-day or more duration of time. Felony 1 w/minimum sentence of 25 yrs. NTE 99 yrs.

Continuous Trafficking of Persons (20A.03)

Intentionally or knowingly makes/alters an object so it appears to have value which it does not have, posses such object with intent to sell, or authenticates such object. Misdemeanor A

Criminal Simulation (32.22.)

CRIMINALLY NEGLIGENT Causes death of an individual. SJF

Criminally Negligent Homicide (19.05)

Freeway

Divided, controlled-access highway for through traffic

Compelled to do so by threat of imminent death or serious bodily injury to himself or another.

Duress

Intentionally or knowingly interferes with lawful custody of a child under 18 y/o, or entices, persuades, or takes the child from custody of their guardian. Misdemeanor B Felony 3 if actor intends to commit felony against child

Enticing a Child (25.04)

_________________________________ is sufficient articulable facts and circumstances, and reasonable inferences drawn from those facts, which would lead a reasonable officer to conclude that criminal activity is afoot.

Reasonable Suspicion

Without effective consent recklessly damages or destroys property of the owner. Class C Misdemeanor

Reckless Damage or Destruction (28.04)

A person who makes, provides to another or posses a card, document, badge, or other item including a vehicle bearing insignia that identifies a person as a peace officer. Class B Misdemeanor

False Identification as Peace Officer; Misrepresentation of Property (37.12)

With intent to deceive, Knowingly makes a false statement that is material to a investigation. Class B Misdemeanor.

False Report to Peace Officer, Federal Special Investigator or Law Enforcement Employee (37.08)

Operation of vehicle by person under 18 (545.424)

May not operate a vehicle while using wireless communication device.(a-1) Under 18 may not operate after midnight or before 5am unless emergency, employment or school related.2) W/more than 1 passenger under 21 who is not family.

Minimum lighting equipment required (547.326)

If not specifically required to be equipped shall have at least one lamp that emits white light visible at distance of 1,000 ft from the front. Two lamps that emit red light visible from rear 1,000 ft.

Operation of vehicle w/wrong license plate (504.944)

If operates a vehicle that has attached to ti a number plate or registration insignia issued for a different vehicle. Fine not exceed $200.

Commits offense if with intent to defraud or deceive an insurer, the person, in support of a claim for payment under an insurance policy. Follow the Theft Table

Insurance Fraud (35.02)

Four Elements of Arrests are?

Intent, Authority, Actual Seizure, Understanding

"When it is his conscious objective or desire to engage in the conduct or cause the result"

Intentionally

Obstruction of operator's view or driving mechanism (545.417)

May not drive vehicle if front seat exceeds three persons; the view to the front or side is obstructed; there is interference w/operators control over driving mechanism.

License ineligibility in general

May not issue a license to anyone under 15 or 18 unless they compile with requirements.

A person intentionally or knowingly causes the penetration of the anus, mouth, or sexual organ of another person without consent. 2nd degree felony

Sexual Assault

2 years- 180 days fine not to exceed $10,000

State Jail Felony Punishment

Operation of Motor Vehicle in violation of motor vehicle liability insurance requirement (601.191)

Fine of not less than 175 or more than 350. If previously convicted fine 350-1,000. If determined by courts and 1st offense person is economically unable to pay fine may be reduced under 175.

Authorized Emergency Vehicle

Fire, police, chartered rescue squad, ambulance, and other emergency vehicles

99 years- 5 years fine not to exceed $10,000

First Degree Felony Punishment

- improved capability for specific task performance - improved ability to mobilize the body efficiently - improved tolerance to fatigue - reduced risk of injuries when doing physical tasks - better psychological preparation - reduced stress and health risks

Fitness is the key to performance in the LE profession and is related to the ability to perform job functions`

Flashing signals

Flashing red, drive shall stop at the marked line or before the crosswalk, and proceed when the move can be made safely. Flashing yellow, drive shall proceed with caution.

Intentionally or knowingly alters, makes, completes, executes, etc., any writing so it purports to be the act of another not authorized. SJF

Forgery (32.21)

- Give people a voice (listen) - Neutrality (be fair) - Respectful treatment (be respectful) - Trustworthiness from a fair and transparent process

Four Principles of Procedural Justice

Intentionally or Knowingly With intent to harm/defraud another Destroys, removes, conceals, alters, substitutes or otherwise impairs legibility or availability of a writing other than gov't record. Misdemeanor A

Fraudulent Destruction, Removal, or Concealment of a Writing (32.47)

Intentionally or Knowingly obtains, possesses, transfers, or uses information of another without consent with intent to defraud or harm them. SJF F3 if victim is elderly person

Fraudulent Use or Possession of Identifying Information (32.51)

Freeway Main Lane

Freeway lane having an uninterrupted flow through traffic

F I T T

Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type

Passing a school bus; offense

From either direction of a school bus, an operator shall stop before reaching the bus, and may not move when the bus is operating a visual signal. This does not apply to operators on the other side of the highway/different flow of traffic. The charge is not less than $500 or more than $1,250.

Method of giving hand and arm signals

From the left side of the vehicle, by making a left turn do so by extending hand and arm horizontally, by making a right turn do so by extending hand and arm upward except for a bicycle that can be done from the right side, and to stop do so by extending hand and arm downward.

carbohydrates, fats, proteins

Fuel Nutrients

Required label for sun screening devices (547.609)

A device must have a label that is legible, contains information required by the dept. for light transmission.

Vehicle

A device that can be used to transport or draw persons or property on a highway. The term does not include:(A) a device exclusively used on stationary rails or tracks; or(B) manufactured housing

What is a "Electric generating plant" defined as?v

A facility that generates electric energy for distribution to the public.

Exception to financial responsibility requirement (601.052)

A former military vehicle or is at least 25 yrs old. Is used only for exhibitions, club activities, parades and other functions of public interest and not for regular transportation.

A pat-down of the exterior clothing of a person for weapons is?

A frisk

Individual

A human being who is alive, including an unborn child

Define "Individual"

A human being who is alive, including an unborn child at every stage of gestation from fertilization until birth.

Dismissal of expired license charge(TC 521.026)

A judge may dismiss a charge of driving with an expired license if the defendant remedies the defect within 20 working days or before the 1st court appearance.

Automatic Suspension on Conviction of Certain Offenses Involving Fictitious Motor Vehicle License Plates, Registration Insignia, or Vehicle Inspection Reports - TC 521.3465

A license is automatically suspended on final conviction of the license holder of offense. is 180 days and if they are a resident of the state with no DL then they will issue an order prohibiting the person from being issued a DL before the 181st day after the date of conviction.

Commercial Driver's License.

A license issued to an individual that authorizes the individual to drive a class of commercial motor vehicle

Transfer of License Plate (504.901)

A license plate may be transferred to new vehicle if plate is appropriate for class of vehicle. Passenger vehicle with GW 6,000 lbs or less. A light truck w/GW 10,000 lbs or less.

Flammable liquid

A liquid that has a flash point of not more than 70 degrees Fahrenheit

Powers of local authorities - TC 542.202

A local authority may enforce and regulate the traffic laws of Texas through the use of peace officers and or traffic control devices.

General rule of uniformity - TC 542.201

A local authority may not enforce laws that conflict with the laws of the state of Texas

Truck tractor

A motor vehicle designed and used primarily to draw another vehicle but not constructed to carry a load other than a part of the weight of the other vehicle and its load.

Road tractor

A motor vehicle designed and used to draw another vehicle but not constructed to carry a load independently or a part of the weight of the other vehicle or its load.

Truck

A motor vehicle designed, used, or maintained primarily to transport property.

Commercial motor vehicle

A motor vehicle or combination of motor vehicles used to transport passengers or property that has a gross combination weight or rating of 26,001 or more pounds. or gross vehicle weight rating of more than 10,000 pounds.

-Cardiovascular fitness or endurance -Flexibility -Muscular endurance (dynamic strength) -Muscular strength (absolute strength) -Body Composition

Functional and Health-Related Fitness

Inchoate offense(TC 542.303)

A person who attempts to commit or conspire to commit an act is guilty of the offense. A person who falsely, fraudulently, or willfully permits another to violate this subtitle is guilty of the violation.

Operator

A person who drives or has physical control of a vehicle

Removing material from highway (600.001)

A person who drops or permits to be dropped or thrown on highway destructive or injurious material shall immediately remove the material or cause it to be removed.2. A person who removes a wrecked vehicle shall remove glass or other injurious material from vehicle.

Owner

A person who has a Property interest in or title to a vehicle

Court Order in Operator's Possession

A person who is issued an occupational license shall have in the person's possession a certified copy of the court order and the person shall allow a peace officer to examine the order on request.

Nonresident

A person who is not a resident of this state.

Additional Analysis by Request (724.019)

A person who submits to the taking of a specimen of breath, blood, urine may on request and within a reasonable time not to exceed 2 hrs after arrest, select a physician, qualified tech to take an additional specimen.

General Criminal Penalty

A person who violates this chapter for which a specific penalty is not provided commits an offense. Fine not to exceed $200.

Persons and equipment engaged in work on highway surface - TC 542.004

A person, team, motor vehicle, or other equipment engaged in work on a highway

A Penal Institution is?

A place designated by law for confinement of persons arrested for, charged with, or convicted of an offense

Mounting Requirements (547.354)

A reflector shall be mounted at a height 24-60" or as high as practicable if less than 24".

Safety guard or flaps (547.606)

A road tractor, trucks, trailer, truck-tractor in combination w/ a semitrailer or semitrailer in combination w/towing vehicle that has least four tires or at least two super single tiers on rear axle shall be equipped.

Motor vehicle

A self-propelled vehicle or a vehicle that is propelled by electric power from overhead trolley wires. The term does not include an electric bicycle or an electric personal assistive mobility device

House trailer

A trailer or semitrailer, other than a towable recreational vehicle, that:(A) is transportable on a highway in one or more sections;(B) is less than 45 feet in length, excluding tow bar, while in the traveling mode;(C) is built on a permanent chassis;(D) is designed to be used as a dwelling(E) includes plumbing, heating, air-conditioning, and electrical systems.

Light truck

A truck, including a pickup truck, panel delivery truck, or carryall truck, that has a manufacturer's rated carrying capacity of 2,000 pounds or less.

Driving on divided highway

A two roadway system that is divided/separated by a space, physical barrier, or a divided section (AKA the median).

"A firearm or anything manifestly designed, made, or adapted for the purpose of inflicting death or serious bodily injury, or anything that in the manner of its use or intended use is capable of causing death or serious bodily injury" is defined as?

Deadly Weapon

Tennessee v. Garner

Deadly force was considered seizure of a person due to what case?

_____________ includes, for an individual who is an unborn child, the failure to be born alive.

Death

Litter-HSC 365.011(6)

Decayable waste, non-decayable solid waste, non-combustible waste material, or discarded or worn-out manufactured materials

With any of the culpable mental states Uses, sells, possesses for use or sale a false weight, measure, or any other device for falsely determining recording and quality/quantity. Misdemeanor A

Deceptive Business Practices (32.42)

CCP 1.141 Waiver of Indictment for Noncapital Felony

Defendant represented by legal counsel may in open court or by writing may waive the right to be accused by indictment of and offense other than a capital felony.

Means an instrument that is specifically designed, made, or adapted for the purpose of inflicting serious bodily injury or death by striking a person with the instrument, and includes but is not limited to the following: (A) Blackjack; (B) Nightstick; (C) Mace; (D) Tomahawk.

Define "Club"

Which US state was the first to ratify and accept the US Constitution?

Delaware (December 7th, 1787)

Five phases of transition that persons who experience traumatic events typically go through

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

Department

Department of Public Safety

Emergency contact and medical information databases(TC 521.060)

Department shall maintain records of the name, address, and telephone number or voluntary medical information of each individual identified by the holder of a driver's license or personal identification as the individual authorizes to be contacted in the event of an injury or death in or as a result of a motor vehicle accident or emergency situation. Records maintained by the department are confidential.

The penetration or contact of the genitals, mouth, or anus of another person.

Deviate Sexual Intercourse

With intent to deceive, Knowingly files a false report of a missing child or person. Class C Misdemeanor.

False Report Regarding Missing Child or Missing Person (37.081)

Recording Device (547.615)

Feature installed by manufacturer that records speed and direction of travel; location; steering; brake performance; safety belt status.

In case of _____________, an officer may break down a door of any house in order to make an arrest if refused entry after giving notice of authority and purpose. (15.25)

Felony/Exigency

Reactive Response

Most of the workload of patrol officers and detectives consists of handling crimes that have already been committed, disturbances in progress, traffic violations, and such. Exceptions include crime prevention and narcotics investigations.

-Agility -Anaerobic power (Speed) -Explosive leg strength or power

Motor Fitness

Farm tractor

Motor vehicle designed and used primarily as a farm implement to draw an implement of husbandry, including a plow or a mowing machine.

Criminal misdemeanor - Class C

Municipal Court (Court Jurisdiction)

INTENTIONALLY or KNOWINGLY Causes the death of an individual or intends to cause serious bodily injury/commits dangerous act that causes loss of life. Penalty is Felony 1 (unless Capital)

Murder (19.02)

Reflectors (547.325)

Must be equipped w/at least 2 red reflectors on rear. Mounted at a height 15-60". Visible at night at all distances.100-600 ft when directly in front of lower beams or 100-350 directly in front high beam

Draw bars, trailer hitches, saddle-mount towing (545.409)

Must be strong enough to pull weight, may not exceed 15 feet between the vehicles. If using chain, rope or cable SHALL display a white flag/cloth not less than 12" sq.

Can you park in front of a public or private driveway?

No

Define Objective

Not influenced by personal feelings

Alley

Not used primarily for through traffic; and provides access to rear entrances of buildings or lots along a street

__________________ includes affirmation.

Oath

1. To insure the public safety. 2. Grading of offenses to give fair warning of what is prohibited. 3. Prescribe penalties that are proportionate to the seriousness of offenses 4. Safeguard conduct that is without guilt criminal 5. Guide and limit the exercise of official discretion in Law Enforcement. 6. Define the scope of state interest

Objectives of Code PC 1.02

Intentionally or knowingly harms or threatens to harm another by an unlawful act: against a public servant, witness, informant, reporting a crime. F3 - usually F2 - if: a. the victim was harmed or threatened as a juror b. the actor causes bodily harm to victim or victim's family

Obstruction or Retaliation (36.06)

Police Officer

Officer authorized to direct traffic or arrest persons who violate traffic regulations

CCP 2.30 Report Concerning Certain Assaultive or Terroristic Offense

Officers investigating the alleged commission SHALL prepare a written report.

A public servant acting under color of office or employment commits as offense if defendant: 1) Intentionally subjects another to mistreatment or to arrest, detention, search, seizure, dispossession, assessment, or lien that he knows is unlawful; 2) Intentionally denies or impedes another in the exercise or enjoyment of any right, privilege, power or immunity, knowing his conduct is unlawful; or 3) Intentionally subjects another to sexual harassment. Class A misdemeanor.

Official Oppression (39.03)

"Any type of administrative, executive, legislative, or judicial proceeding that may be conducted before a public servant" is the definition of?

Official Proceeding

Failure to act

Omission

"A Failure to act"

Ommission

Lane use signs

On a highway with more than one lane for vehicle travel going in the same direction, the department places a sign that directs the traffic speed and if passing only in left lane sign as well.

CCP 2.271 Investigation of Reports Alleging Abuse, Neglect, Exploitation

On receipt of a notification of abuse, neglect, or exploitation, the local law enforcement agency SHALL investigate

Evidence of financial responsibility (601.053)

On request shall provide to a peace officer or person involved in accident with evidence of financial responsibility .

Removal of license plates (504.901)

On sale or transfer of vehicle to a dealer they shall remove each license plate issued for the motor vehicle.

Medical and Emergency Information on License

On the reverse side of the DL the department shall print any medical info.

If a person w/o obtaining consent and with the intent to harm, defraud, intimidate or threaten any person, uses the name of another to create a web page on social network or post/send one or more messages through electronic mail or internet. Felony 3rd Degree

Online Impersonation (33.07)

A person who is 17 years of age or older commits an offense if, with intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person, defendant, over the internet, by electronic mail or text message or other electronic message service or system, or through commercial online service, intentionally: Communicates in a sexually explicit manner with a minor; or Distributes sexually explicit material to a minor. Or, knowingly solicits a minor to meet another person, including defendant, with the intent that the minor will engage in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, or deviate sexual intercourse with defendant or another person. Felony 3rd Degree If younger than 14- F2

Online Solicitation of a Minor (33.021)

Blood specimen (724.017)

Only the following may take a blood specimen at request or order of peace officer: Physician; qualified tech; RN; vocational nurse; licensed or certified emt-intermediate or emt-paramedic authorized to take blood specimen. Must be taken in a sanitary place.

What type of land is not protected by the 4th Amendment?

Open Fields

Class A license - TC 521.081

Operate a vehicle with the gross rate 26,001 pounds or a combination that has a gross weight rating of 26,001 pounds or more. Or if the gross weight rating of any vehicle or vehicles in town is more than 10,000 pounds

Driving while license invalid

Operates a motor vehicle after the driver's license has been canceled, suspended/revoked, expired, or after renewal of the DL has been denied. Class B misdemeanor.

KNOWINGLY Uses/permits another to use property to commit/facilitate human smuggling/trafficking, agg. promotion of prostitution, or compelling prostitution. Also applies to renting/lease property to another w/intent that it be used to commit said acts. Misdemeanor A

Operation of a Stash House (20.07)

Vehicle on highways-TC 543.001

Operation of a vehicle applies only to the operation of a vehicle on a highway

Driving on improved shoulder

Operator may drive on an improved shoulder to stop, stand, park, accelerate before entering roadway, slow down when leaving the roadway, pass a vehicle that's disabled on the roadway, allowing a vehicle to pass them if they are driving slow, avoid a collision, and when told to do so by an official traffic-control device.

Passing to the left: safe distance

Operator may not pass another vehicle if there's a vehicle approaching within 200 feet.

Turning on curve or crest of grade

Operator may perform this turn when they cannot see an oncoming vehicle within 500 feet.

Compliance with traffic control device

Operator shall comply with official traffic-control device, unless told otherwise by a police officer, flagger, traffic officer, or authorized emergency vehicle.

Driving on roadway lane for traffic

Operator shall drive as nearly as practical in a single lane, may not leave the lane until it can be made safely.v

One-way roadway and rotary traffic islands

Operator shall drive in the direction indicated.

Driving on right side of roadway

Operator shall drive on the right side of the roadway unless they are passing another vehicle, there is an obstruction in the roadway, or is specified by an official traffic-control device to vacate their current lane.

Roadway

Other than should, that if improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel

A characteristic of traditional policing involving- authoritarianism- chain of command- micromanagement

Paramilitary Model

Each party to an offense may be charged with commission of the offense w/o alleging that he acted as a principal or accomplice.

Parties to Offenses (7.01)

Improved Shoulder

Paved Shoulder

"A person elected, employed, or appointed as a peace officer under Article 2.12, CCP, Section 51.212 or 51.214, Education Code, or other law." defines a?

Peace Officer

Who may make arrests without warrant when an offense is committed in their presence or view if the offense is a felony or against the public peace?

Peace officer or any other person (14.01)

CCP 2.27 Investigation of Certain Reports Alleging Child Abuse

Peace officers SHALL investigate reports of immediate risk of physical/sexual abuse of a child that could result in death or serious harm. (NO LATER THAN 24 HOURS)

Traffic - TC 541.301

Pedestrians, ridden animals, vehicles, and streetcars, singly or together while using a highway for the purposes of travel.

With intent to deceive, makes false statement under oath Class A misdemeanor

Perjury (37.02)

Offense by person owning or controlling vehicle(TC 542.302)

Person commits an offense if he owns a vehicle and knowingly permits an operator of the vehicle to operate in a manner that violates law.

General penalty(TC 542.401)

Person convicted of an offense for which another penalty is not provided shall be punished by a fine not less than $1 or more than $200.

Reckless or Careless Operation Prohibited (551A.073)

Person may not operate off-highway vehicle on public off-highway vehicle land or a beach in a careless or reckless manner endangering any person or property.

Procedural Justice

Perspective argues that the legitimacy of the police is linked to public judgements about the fairness of the processes through which the police makes decisions and exercise authority.

The condition of the body that enables an individual to use his/her body in activities requiring: - Muscular strength - Muscular endurance - Cardiovascular endurance - Flexibility - Agility - Power - Speed

Physical Fitness

A person can be taken into custody by what means?

Physical force or submission to authority

Bodily Injury

Physical pain, illness, or any impairment of physical condition

Bodily Injury is defined as?

Physical pain, illness, or any impairment of physical condition.

Through highway- TC 542.202 (b)(2)

Portion of a highway on which vehicular traffic is given preferential right-of-way

Crosswalk

Portion of a roadway, including an intersection, designated as a pedestrian crossing by surface markings

It is the duty of every peace officer to _____________________________.

Preserve the peace within the officer's jurisdiction. (2.13)

A search warrant must be based on?

Probable Cause

Search warrants must have ________________________.

Probable cause supported by oath or affirmation (1.06)

A peace officer SHALL arrest, without a warrant, a person the peace officer has probable cause to believe has committed an offense under Section 25.07, Penal Code, 9, violation of a ___________________________________________ within their presence. (14.03) (b)

Protective Order

Use of the Automobile

Provided more rapid response to police calls for service.

KNOWINGLY engages in sexual intercourse, deviant sexual intercourse, or an act of sexual contact in a public place. Or, if not in a public place, reckless about whether another will be offended or alarmed. Misdemeanor A

Public Lewdness (21.07)

Handling crimes that have already been committed, disturbances in progress, traffic violations, and such. Exceptions include crime prevention and narcotics investigations.

Reactive Response (trad. police model)

Turn Signal Lamps (547.324)

Shall be equipped w/electric turn signal lamp that indicate turn by displaying flashing lights in front and rear of vehicle. Shall emit white, amber or red light. . Must be visible from 500 ft if vehicle is 80" wide or 300 ft if less than 80" wide.

Audible Warning Device (547.501)

Shall be equipped with horn that can be heard under normal conditions at a distance of 200 ft.

Hazard Lamps (547.331)

Shall be mounted at the same level and spaced as widely apart as practicable front and rear. Visible at distance of 500 ft. in normal sunlight. Shall display simultaneously flashing either white, amber or red.

Prisoners committed to jail by warrant from a court or magistrate SHALL be placed in jail by the _____________.

Sheriff

"A written or electronic instruction to pay money that is authorized by the person giving the instruction and that is payable on demand or at a definite time by the person being instructed to pay. The term includes a check, an electronic debit, or an automatic bank draft."

Sight Order

Official traffic control device

Sign, signal, marking, or device that is erected by a public body or officer

- sweets, soft drinks, etc. - are considered "empty calories" - blood sugar rises fast and drops fast - reducing intake is a good nutritional choice

Simple Carbohydrates

multiple convictions; denial of bail, bail may be denied; for 3rd felony; while under felony; while under felony indictment; deadly weapon with one prior conviction (TX Constitution)

TX Sec. 11a

Habeas Corpus (TX Constitution)

TX Sec. 12

No person shall be committed as a person of unsound mind except on competent medical or psychiatric testimony (TX Constitution)

TX Sec. 15a

No citizen shall be outlawed (TX Constitution)

TX Sec. 20

Equal Rights (TX Constitution)

TX Sec. 3

Rights of crime victims (remember that there is no provision for this in the US constitution) (TX Constitution)

TX Sec. 30

Equality under the law (TX Constitution)

TX Sec. 3a

Freedom of worship (TX Constitution)

TX Sec. 6

Intentionally or knowingly makes/maintains a connection, or attaches, causes to be attached, or maintains an attachment to a multichannel video system or TV or other attached device without authorization. Misdemeanor C

Tampering or Theft of Multichannel Video or Information Services (31.12)

Knowingly or Intentionally tampers with a consumer product knowing that the consumer product will be offered for sale to the public. A 2nd Degree Felony.

Tampering with Consumer Product

Knowingly makes a false entry or alteration of government record. Makes, presents or uses with knowledge its falsity. Class A SJF: If has intent to defraud or harm. F3: If record was public school, medical, or search warrant

Tampering with Governmental Record (37.10)

Intentionally or knowingly removes, alters, obliterates, etc., a serial number or other ID mark on another's personal property without consent. Misdemeanor A

Tampering with Identification Numbers (31.11)

If, with intent to influence, offers, confers, or agrees to confer any benefit on a witness or prospective witness in an official proceeding or coerces a witness or prospective witness in an official proceeding: 1) To testify falsely; 2) To withhold any testimony, information, document, or thing; 3) To elude legal process [subpoena] summoning him to testify or supply evidence; 4) To absent himself from an official proceeding to which he has been legally summoned; or 5) To abstain from, discontinue, or delay the prosecution of another. Witness guilty if knowingly solicits, accepts, or agrees to accept any benefit. F3, except that if the official proceeding is part of the prosecution of a criminal case, offense is same category of the most serious offense charged in that criminal case.

Tampering with Witness (36.05)

A person knowing that an investigation or official proceeding is pending or in progress alters, destroys, conceals any record, document or thing with intent to impair its verity, legibility, availability as evidence. F2

Tampering with or Fabrication of Physical Evidence (37.09)

Department's Determination for License Suspension

if the person has four or more convictions that arise out of different transactions in 12 consecutive months, or seven or more convictions that arise out of different transactions in 24 months, if the convictions are for moving violations of the traffic laws of any state, Canadian province, or political subdivision

Ramp

interconnecting roadway of a traffic interchange, or a connecting roadway between highways at different levels or between parallel highways, that allows a vehicle to enter or exit a roadway

Post Office Box NOT Valid as Address

means a US Postal Service post office box address or a private mailbox address

Ignition Interlock Device

means a device that uses a deep-lung breath analysis mechanism

Essential Need

means in need of a person for the operation of a motor vehicle and is for performance of occupation, trade or transportation to and from the place they work or educational facility.

Moped License

must be at least 15 to acquire and must only pass a written test

The writ of habeas corpus is a writ of right and shall _________________________.

never be suspended

Any sheriff or officer willfully refusing or neglecting to execute process is subject to fine for contempt of how much?

not less than ten nor more than two hundred dollars (2.16)

Driver's License for Peace Officer

omits the license holder's actual residence address. The peace officer must apply for it.

Designator on license issued to person under 21 years of age

The department shall designate and clearly mark as provisional license to a person who is under 18 and also if a person is under 21 it must indicate "under 21"

Dispose or Dump [HSC 365.011(5)]

To discharge, deposit, inject, spill, leak, or place litter on or into land or water

Dispose or dump- HSC 365.011(5)

To discharge, deposit, inject, spill, leak, or place litter on or into land or water

Signaling turns; use of turn signals

To indicate an intention to turn, change lanes, or start from a parked position. Not from less than the last 100 feet of movement.

The case of US v. Sokolow involved what?

Totality of Circumstances

Incident driven

This relies on limited information, mostly from victims, witnesses, and suspects. Focus tends to be on one "incident" which is resolved before moving to the next "incident".

INTENTIONALLY or KNOWINGLY Restrains another person by force, intimidation, or deception. Misdemeanor A SJF: if person restrained is a child younger than 17 y/o. Felony 3: if actor recklessly exposes victim to substantial risk of bodily injury

Unlawful Restraint (20.02)

License Plate Flipper (504.9465)

a manual, electronic or mechanical device designed or adapted to be installed to switch between two plates. Class B misdemeanor.

Commercial Driver Learner's Permit

a permit that restricts the holder to driving a commercial motor vehicle.

Illegal Dumping

a person disposes, allows, or permits the disposal of litter at a place that is not an approved solid waste site, within 300' of a public highway, on a right-of-way, on other public or private property, or into water

Crossing Property (545.423)

a) May not cross a sidewalk or drive through a parking lot, business/residential entrance w/o stopping b)May not cross/drive in or on (all above) at intersection to turn right or left from one highway to another.

Riding a Motorcycle or Moped (545.416)

a) Operator shall ride on a permanent/regular seat attached to motorcycle. b) Motorcycle must be equipped to carry more than 1. Be equipped w/footrests and handholds for passenger.

Exceptions to Signal Requirement (546.004)

a) Volunteer fire fighter operating private vehicle as authorized emergency vehicle using visual signals. b)Police may operate w/o lights if PC will cause suspect to destroy or lose evidence of suspected Felon.

Define "Sexual Intercourse"

any penetration of the female sex organ by the male sex organ

Purchase of Alcohol for Minor or Furnishing Alcohol to Minor: Automatic Suspension; License Denial

automatically suspended on final conviction under section 106.06 and the period of suspension under this section is 180 days after the date of final conviction unless the person has previously been denied a license

Order Requirements

specify the days and hours of the day, the reason why, the areas or routes of travel permitted and that the person is restricted to the operation of the motor vehicle.

Hardship License

the department will issue this license if they find that failure of issuing it will result in economic hardship for the family. 15 years old or older.

Stand or Standing means (541.401)

to halt an occupied or unoccupied vehicle, other than temporarily while receiving or discharging passengers.

Park or Parking means (541.401)

to stand an occupied or unoccupied vehicle, other than temporarily while loading or unloading merchandise or passengers

Appointed counsel is entitled to how many days to prepare for proceedings?

10 Days (CCP 1.051)

When approach to a flashing signal, stop sign, yield sign or traffic control signal located at the side of roadway, how far?

30 Feet

What is the minimum age to be US President?

35

Defendant must be taken to a magistrate within ____ hours of arrest. (15.17)

48

Protection against Unreasonable Search and Seizure

4th Amendment

Pedestrian

A person on foot

Define "Conduct"

An act or omission and its accompanying mental state.

Evidence of Financial Responsibility Required

An application for a DL must be accompanied by proof of financial responsibility or a statement.

Metropolitan Area

An area containing at least one municipality with a population of at least 100k, and includes adjacent municipalities and unincorporated urban districts.

What is a search defined as?

An examination or inspection of a location, vehicle, or person for the purpose of locating items involved in criminal activity

Maximum Speed Requirement

An operator may not drive at a speed greater than is reasonable and prudent under the circumstances then existing

an exercise program should have balance so opposing muscles are worked

Balance

License

Authorization to operate a motor vehicle. This term includes; Driver's license and Privilege to operate a motor vehicle regardless of whether the person holds a driver's

Freedom of speech and press; libel (TX Constitution)

TX Sec. 8

Search & seizure (TX Constitution)

TX Sec. 9

Legally recognized private injuries or wrongs. (Civil level)

Tort

State

Any State or territory within the United States

Define "Deviate Sexual Intercourse"

Any contact between any part of the genitals of one person and the mouth or anus of another, or the penetration of the genitals or anus of another person with an object

Submit or comply silently

Acquiescence

Suspension for offense relating to racing of motor vehicle on public highway or street

Automatic license suspension of 1 year- may still be able to obtain occupational license

License Expiration: Person at Least 85 Years of Age

Expires on the second birthday of the license application.

Crimes that are incomplete

Inchoate Offenses

Private road or driveway

Privately own road

_________ includes affirm.

Swear

Restricted Class M License

an individual between 15 and 18 years of age to operate a motorcycle that has not more than 250 CC.

Railroad sign or signal

sign erected to notify traffic of railroad tracks or an approaching railroad train

How far park from right hand curb or edge of roadway?(545.303)

18 inches

Corruption of Blood (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 21

Right to Keep and Bear Arms (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 23

Quartering Soldiers in Houses (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 25

Right of Assembly and Petition (CCP Art. 1.16 Liberty of Speech and Press) (CCP Art. 1.17 Religious Belief)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 27

Equal Rights (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 3

No religious tests (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 4

Freedom of speech and press (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 8

Searches and Seizures(CCP Art. 1.06) (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 9

Rights of accused in criminal prosecutions (TX Constitution)

TX Sec. 10

Bail; no bail for capital offenses (TX Constitution)

TX Sec. 11

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

1st Amendment

An officer whose mission includes developing imaginative, new ways to address the broad spectrum of community concerns embraced by the community policing philosophy

A Community Policing Officer is

Display of unauthorized signs, signals, or markings

A Person may not place their own traffic-control device on a public roadway.

School activity bus

A bus designed to accommodate more than 15 passengers, including the operator, that is owned, operated, rented, or leased by a school district, county school, open-enrollment charter school, regional education service center, and that is used to transport public school students on a school-related activity trip, other than on routes to and from school.

Visibility Requirements (547.355)

A clearance lamp, identification lamp or side marker lamp shall be visible from all distances 50-500 Ft in all normal atmospheric conditions.

Local Authority

A county, municipality, or other local entity authorized to enact traffic laws

1. Forbidden Conduct 2. Required culpability 3. Any required result 4. Negation of any exception to the offense

Elements of Offense

The professional police model developed with?

Emphasis on accountability and increased standards.

"Government" means:

- the state - county, municipality, or political subdivision of the state - any branch or agency of the state, a county, municipality, or political subdivision

What is the ideal heart rate to have for optimal survival

115-145

Stop or Stopping means (541.401)

(A) when required, to completely cease movement; and (B) when prohibited, to halt, including momentarily halting, an occupied or unoccupied vehicle, unless necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or to comply with the directions of a police officer or a traffic control sign or signal

An arrest warrant must be issued in the name of "___________________________________". (15.02)

"The State of Texas"

Equipment - TC 541.203

(1) "Exhaust emission system" means a modification designed to control or reduce the emission of substances from a motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine, of a model year of 1968 or later, and installed on or incorporated in a motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine.(2) "Metal tire" includes a tire the surface of which in contact with the highway is wholly or partly made of metal or other hard, non resilient material.(3) "Muffler" means a device that reduces noise using: (A) a mechanical design, including a series of chambers or baffle plates, to receive exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine; or (B) turbine wheels to receive exhaust gas from a diesel engine.(4) "Solid tire" includes only a tire that: (A) is made of rubber or another resilient material; and (B) does not use compressed air to support its load.

Passing to the left, return; being passed

(a) An operator passing another vehicle: (1) shall pass to the left of the other vehicle at a safe distance; and (2) may not move back to the right side of the roadway until safely clear of the passed vehicle. (b) An operator being passed by another vehicle: (1) shall, on audible signal, move or remain to the right in favor of the passing vehicle; and (2) may not accelerate until completely passed by the passing vehicle.

"Secure Correctional Facility" means

- municipal/county jail confinement facility operated by or under contract with any division of TDCJ.

A peace officer may arrest, without warrant, (14.03)

- Commissions of felony - Assault/desire to commit further assaults - Violation of protective order - Family violence - Interference with emergency calls

An officer may not enter a residence to make an arrest unless which conditions exist? (14.05)

- Consent - Exigency - Warrant

What are the objectives of the CCP?

- Crime prevention - Exclude offender from escape - Speedy trial within means of justice - to bring the investigation of each offense on the trial all the evidence tending to produce conviction of acquittal - fair and impartial trial - certain execution of the declared sentence of law (1.03)

When an arrest warrant is issued by any mayor of an incorporated city or town, it cannot be executed in another county except the county of issue except? (15.07)

- Endorsement by judge of court of record - Endorsement by any magistrate in the county that the accused is found

Authority to Arrest Must Be Known (15.26)

- Not required to have warrant in hand at time of arrest - Must show to the accused as soon as possible

Knock & announce is not required under reasonable suspicion of what circumstances?

- Occurrence of physical violence - Futile/useless gesture - Likelihood of destruction/damage to evidence

Why are peace officers generally required to announce presence, authority, and purpose before entering a premise for a warrant?

- Reduce risk of violence due to unannounced entry - Protect privacy by reducing risk of entering wrong premise - Prevent property damage

What does "Element of Offense" mean?

- forbidden conduct - required culpability - any required result - negation of any exception to the offense

"Owner" means a person who:

- has title to the property, possession of the property, whether lawful or not, or a greater right to possession of the property than the actor- or is a holder in due course of a negotiable instrument

Effective consent includes consent by a person legally authorized to act for the owner. Consent is not effective if:

- induced by force, threat, or fraud - give by a person the actor knows is not legally authorized to act for the owner - given by a person who by reason of youth, mental disease or defect, or intoxication is known by the actor to be unable to make reasonable decisions - given solely to detect commission of an offense

Coercion means a threat, however communicated:

- to commit an offense - to inflict bodily injury in the future on the person threatened or another - to accuse a person of any offense - to expose a person to hatred, contempt, or ridicule - harm the credit or business repute of any person - or to take or withhold action as a public servant, or to cause a public servant to take or withhold action

Definition of Custody (TX PC 38.01)

- under arrest by peace officer or under restraint by public servant pursuant to a court order of TX or other states- under restraint by agent or employee of a facility operated by or under contract with the US and confines persons arrested for, charged, or convicted of criminal offenses

Four Principles of Procedural Justice

-Give people a voice (listen), -Neutrality (be fair), -Respectful treatment (be respectful), and -Trustworthiness comes from a fair and transparent process (explain the reason for the decision or action)

Rail Transportation - TC 541.202

1) "Railroad" a carrier that operates cars, other than streetcars, on stationary rails to transport persons or property.(2) "Railroad train" a steam engine or electric or other motor with or without an attached car operated on rails(3) "Streetcar" means a car, other than a railroad train, used to transport persons or property and operated on rails located primarily within a municipality.

US law supersedes States' law, due process, and equal protection

14th Amendment

How far to park from a fire hydrant? (545.302)

15 Feet

States Rights

10th Amendment

Headlamps Required (547.321)

A MV shall be equipped w/ at least two headlamps. Mounted on each side of front of vehicle at a height of 24 to 54 inches.

- Can't be indicted for a felony except by Grand Jury - Protection from Double Jeopardy - Can't be witness against him/herself - Due Process - Private property can't be taken for public use- Eminent domain

5th Amendment

Due process of law, indictment by grand jury, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, property taken without just compensation

5th Amendment

How much water should you drink a day?

6-8 ounce glasses

Right to speedy and public trial Right to confront accuser Obtaining witness in your favor Assistance from counsel

6th Amendment

Moped

A motor vehicle that is equipped with a rider's saddle and designed to have when propelled not more than three wheels on the ground, that cannot attain a speed in one mile of more than 30 miles per hour, and the engine of which:(A) cannot produce more than five-brake horsepower; and(B) if an internal combustion engine, has a piston displacement of 50 cubic centimeters or less and connects to a power drive system that does not require the operator to shift gears.

Multifunction school activity bus

A motor vehicle that was manufactured in compliance with safety standards for school buses requiring the bus to display alternately flashing red lights and to be equipped with movable stop arms, and that is used to transport pre-primary, primary, or secondary students on a school-related activity trip other than on routes to and from school.

School Bus

A motor vehicle that was manufactured in compliance with safety standards for school buses that is used to transport pre-primary, primary, or secondary students on a route to or from school or on a school-related activity trip other than on routes to and from school.

Bus

A motor vehicle used to transport persons and designed to accommodate more than 10 passengers, including the operator; or a motor vehicle, other than a taxicab, designed and used to transport persons for compensation.

Motorcycle

A motor vehicle, other than a tractor or moped, that is equipped with a rider's saddle and designed to have when propelled not more than three wheels on the ground.

Application by New State Resident

A new resident of the state who applies for a DL must show evidence that the motor vehicle owned by the person is registered or an affidavit that the person does not own a motor vehicle.

Operation of motor vehicle by new state residents(TC 521.029)

A new resident of this state may operate a motor vehicle with an out of state license for no more than 90 days.

Towable Recreational Vehicle

A non-motorized vehicle that:(A) is designed: to be towable by a motor vehicle; and for temporary human habitation for uses including recreational camping(B) is permanently built on a single chassis;(C) may contain one or more life-support systems; and(D) may be used permanently or temporarily for advertising, selling, displaying, or promoting merchandise or services

Driving on multiple-lane roadway

A one way of movement for a roadway with three or more lanes, when coming onto the lane of traffic from the right side (exit/on ramp) the operator shall yield the right of way to the operator that is already in traffic/ the left side of the (exit/on ramp).

School Crossing Gaurd

A person at least 18 who directs traffic in a school crossing zone

Motor Vehicle Rentals

A person can not rent a motor vehicle unless they hold a DL or if a nonresident holds a DL from another state.

Illegal dumping; criminal penalties - HSC 365.012

A person commits an offense if the person disposes or allows or permits the disposal of litter or other solid waste at a place that is not an approved solid waste site. offense is a class C misdemeanor

Define "Public Servant"

A person elected, selected, appointed, employed, or otherwise designated as one of the following, even if he has not yet qualified for office or assumed his duties: a) an officer, employee, or agent of government b) a juror or grand juror c) an arbitrator, referee, or other person who is authorized by law or private written agreement to hear or determine a cause or controversy d) an attorney at law or notary public when participating in the performance of governmental function e) a candidate for nomination or election to public office f) a person who is performing a governmental function under a claim of right, although he is not legally qualified to do so.

Self-Insurance (601.124)

A person in whose name more than 25 vehicles are registered may qualify as a self-insurer by obtaining a certificate.

License to be carried and exhibited on demand(TC 521.025)

A person is required to hold a driver's license SHALL: ○ Have in their possession while operating a motor vehicle. ○ Display the license on demand of a magistrate, court officer, or peace officer. ○ An offense under this section is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed $200. If convicted a second time within a year the offense is punishable by a fine not less than $25 or more than $200. A third conviction is punishable by a fine not less than $25 or more than $500 and confinement in county jail for not less than 72 hours or more than 6 months.

Deposit of Cash or Securities with Comptroller (601.122)

A person may establish financial responsibility by depositing 55,000 w/comptroller in cash or securities.

License Required(TC 521.021)

A person may not operate a motor vehicle on a highway unless the person holds a driver's license.

Obedience required to police officers, school crossing guards, and escort flagger(TC 542.501):

A person may not willfully fail or refuse to comply with lawful orders of: ○ A police officer; ○ A school crossing guard who is performing duties in a school crosswalk to stop and yield to pedestrians. ○ An escort flagger directing or controlling traffic flow for the movement of oversize or overweight vehicle.

General Violation: dealing with Drivers License

A person may not,1) display or have in there possession a driver's license or a certificate that the person knows is fictitious or has been altered; 2) lending a driver's license/ certificate to another person or knowingly permit another to use it; 3) display/ represent as the person's own a driver's license/ certificate not issued to them; 4) possessing more than one currently valid driver's license or more than one valid certificate; 5) during the application process for a driver's license. A} provide a false name, address, or counterfeit document. B} knowingly make a false statement, concealing a material fact, or commit fraud. Offense is a Class A misdemeanor.

Animals and animal-drawn vehicles TC 543.003

A person riding an animal on a roadway or operating a vehicle drawn by an animal on a roadway. (rules of the road apply)

Fictitious License or Certificate

A person under the age of 21 with a fake government document. Class C misdemeanor.

Implement of husbandry

A vehicle that is designed and adapted for use as a farm implement, machinery, or tool for tilling the soil; a towed vehicle that transports to the field and spreads fertilizer or agricultural chemicals; or a motor vehicle designed and adapted to deliver feed to livestock.

Special mobile equipment

A vehicle that is not designed or used primarily to transport persons or property and that is only incidentally operated on a highway.(A) includes ditch digging apparatus, well boring apparatus, and road construction and maintenance machinery, including an asphalt spreader, bituminous mixer, bucket loader, tractor other than a truck tractor, ditcher, levelling grader, finishing machine, motor grader, road roller, scarifier, earth-moving carryall and scraper, power shovel or dragline, or self-propelled crane and earth-moving equipment;(B) excludes a vehicle that is designed to transport persons or property and that has machinery attached, including a house trailer, dump truck, truck-mounted transit mixer, crane, and shovel.

Lighting Equipment on Projecting Loads (547.382)

A vehicle transport a load that extends at least 4ft beyond the bed shall have two red lamps visible at a distance of least 500 feet from rear. two read reflectors that indicate the width.

Police vehicle

A vehicle used by a peace officer that(A) is owned or leased by a governmental entity;(B)is owned or leased by the police department of a private institution of higher education(C)is: a private vehicle owned or leased by the peace officer; and approved for use for law enforcement purposes

Semi-trailer

A vehicle with or without motive power, other than a pole trailer:(A) designed to be drawn by a motor vehicle and to transport persons or property; and(B) constructed so that part of the vehicle's weight and load rests on or is carried by another vehicle.

Pole Trailer

A vehicle without motive power:(A) designed to be drawn by another vehicle and secured to the other vehicle by pole, reach, boom, or other security device; and (B) ordinarily used to transport a long or irregularly shaped load, including poles, pipes, or structural members, generally capable of sustaining themselves as beams between the supporting connections.

Trailer

A vehicle, other than a pole trailer, with or without motive power:(A) designed to be drawn by a motor vehicle and to transport persons or property; and(B) constructed so that no part of the vehicle's weight and load rests on the motor vehicle.

Tail-lamps required (547.322)

A vehicle, trailer or vehicle being towed shall be equipped w/at least two taillamps. If older than 1960 only need one. Mounted at a height of 15-72 inches. A separate lamp shall be mounded that illuminates the rear license, from a distance of 50 ft.

Intentionally or knowingly Causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ without consent and causes them serious bodily injury or attempts to cause the death of the victim. 1st Degree felony with minimum term of 25 years.

Aggravated Sexual Assault

A person abandons a child younger than 15 in any place under circumstances that expose the child to an unreasonable risk of harm. A state jail felony: intent to return A third degree: without intent to return

Abandoning or Endangering a Child

Penalties for Failure to Yield Right of Way Resulting in Accident(TC 542.4045)

Accident resulting from failure to yield right-of-way is punishable by: Fine not less than $500 or more than $2,000 if the other operator suffered bodily injury and; Fine not less than $1,000 or more than $4,000 if the other operator suffered serious bodily injury.

____________ defines a bodily movement, whether voluntary or involuntary, and includes speech.

Act

_________________ means a person whose criminal responsibility is in issue in a criminal action.

Actor

No defense to prosecution that actor has an interest in the property damaged or destroyed. If another person has interest actor is not entitled to infringe.

Actor's Interest in Property (28.05)

Produce a degree of anger, rage, resentment, or terror in a person of ordinary temper

Adequate Cause

Shoulder

Adjacent roadways used primarily for parking, not intended for normal traffic

________________ includes authority, board, bureau, commission, committee, council, department, district, division, and office.

Agency

The use of a deadly weapon during the commission of the assault and causes serious bodily injury. 2nd Degree Felony 1st Degree Felony: The deadly weapon was used

Aggravated Assault

INTENTIONALLY or KNOWINGLY Abducting another person with intent to hold for ransom, use as shield/hostage, facilitate commission/flight of a felony, inflict bodily injury upon/sexually abuse, terrorize w/3rd person, interfere with performance of political function, uses/exhibits deadly weapon during the offense. Felony 1

Aggravated Kidnapping (20.04)

If defendant commits perjury, and the false statement: 1) Is made during or in connection with an official proceeding; and 2) Is material. Punishment is felony of 3rd degree.

Aggravated Perjury (37.03)

In the commission of a Theft: 1) causes serious bodily injury to another 2) uses or exhibits a deadly weapon 3) causes bodily injury to another person or threatens or places another person in fear of imminent bodily injury of death, if the person is: 65 yrs or older; or A disabled person F/1

Aggravated Robbery (29.03)

A person with intent to promote or assist the commission of suicide by another. Class C misdemeanor if serious bodily injury State Jail Felony

Aiding Suicide

The number of grams of alcohol per:- 210 liters of breath;- 100 milliliters of blood; or- 67 milliliters of urine.

Alcohol Concentration

Whose standard do we attempt to meet?

All level of government, the agency, our family, and the community set these standards.

Define Subjective

Allowing bias into effect to draw conclusions

- Names of suspect/complainant - Date/time/location of incident - visible/reported injuries - description of incident and disposition statement - whether the suspect is a member of the state military forces or active-duty armed forces. (5.05)

An officer investigating an FV incident SHALL make a written report including what?

Minimum speed regulations (545.363)

An operator can't drive so slowly as to impede the normal and reasonable movement of traffic, except when it is necessary for safe operation

Crossing fire hose (545.408)

An operator may not, without the consent of the fire department official in command, drive over an unprotected hose of a fire department if the hose is on a street or private driveway and is intended for use at a fire or alarm of fire.

Special Speed Limitations (545.361)

An operator of a motor-driven cycle may not drive at a speed of more than 35 miles per hour during the time specified by Section 547.302(a) unless the cycle is equipped with a headlamp or lamps that reveal a person or vehicle 300 feet ahead.

"A person other than the actor"

Another

Who may arrest, without warrant, for a crime punishable by death or imprisonment for greater than one year? (51.130 (Sec. 14)

Any person

Who may prevent the consequences of theft and under what grounds? (18.16)

Any person under reasonable grounds

Public Place (PC 1.07)

Any place which the public or substantial group of public has access. Not limited to streets, highways and common areas of schools, hospitals, apartment houses, office building.

What time of day may an arrest be made?

Any time of any day

Supreme Court, Court of Criminal Appeals, Courts of Appeal

Appellate Courts (Court Jurisdiction)

Policing was handled by the Spanish military during Texas' 100 years as a province of Mexico.

Evolution of Policing in Texas

"A government or governmental subdivision or agency, trust, partnership, or two or more persons having a joint or common economic interest."

Association

A government or government subdivision or agency, trust, partnership, or two or more persons having a joint or common economic interest.

Association

bring professionalism to the police

August Vollmer's goal was to?

Driver's license

Authorization issued by the department to operate a motor vehicle. This term includes; o Temporary license or learner license o Occupational license.

Class B license - TC 521.082

Authorizes the license holder to operate a vehicle with a gross weight rating of 26,000 or more towing a vehicle other than a farm trailer, that is not more than 10,000 pounds. It can also be a farm trailer with a weight of less than 20,000 pounds. It can also be a bus with a capacity of 24 people or less.

What rule states that if obtaining evidence violates a person's rights and/or is unconstitutional, the evidence cannot be used?

Exclusionary Rule

Three basic approaches to stress managment

Avoid, Alter, and Adapt/Accept (Three A's)

Litter

B) Non-decayable solid waste (except ashes) Combustible consists of paper, rags, cartons, wood, excelsior, furniture, rubber, plastics, yard trimmings, leaves or similar materials. Non-Combustible glass, tin, aluminum cans, metal furniture, and similar materials that do not burn.

Information provided by officer before requesting specimen (724.015)

Before requesting a person to submit to taking of specimen, officer shall inform in person orally and in writing that: If refuses it may be admissible in prosecution, license to operate will automatically suspended for not less than 180 days, officer may apply for a warrant

Nighttime

Beginning one-half hour after sunset and ending one-half hour before sunrise.

Daytime

Beginning one-half hour before sunrise and ending one-half hour after sunse

"Anything reasonably regarded as economic gain or advantage, including benefit to any other person in whose welfare the beneficiary is interested."

Benefit

KNOWINGLY Has sexual contact with an animal, or fondling/improperly touching an animal's anus or genitals, causing an animal to come in contact with seminal fluid, or inserting an object/person's genitals into the anus or genitals of an animal SJF unless animal suffers serious bodily injury or death, then Felony 2

Bestiality (21.09)

Actor is legally married and marries or purports to marry another OR lives with another under appearance of being married. Felony 3

Bigamy (25.01)

"Alcohol Concentration" refers to the number of grams of alcohol for blood, breath, and urine in what quantities?

Blood - 100 ml. Breath - 210 l. Urine - 67 ml.

Serious Bodily Injury

Bodily injury that creates a substantial risk of death or that causes death

Central Nervous System

Brain and spinal cord

Knowingly accesses a computer, computer network or computer system w/0 effective consent of owner. Class B Misdemeanor.

Breach of Computer Security (33.02)

Intersection

Common area at the junction of two highways other than the junction of an alley and a highway. c) two roadways at least 30 feet apart.

Electric Bicycles

Equipped with: fully operable pedals and an electric motor of fewer then 750 watts, and with a top speed assisted speed of 28 miles per hour or less.

Intentionally or knowingly offers, confers, or agrees to confer on another, or solicits, accepts, or agrees to accept from another: Any benefit as consideration for the recipient's decision, opinion, recommendation, vote of other exercise of discretion as a public servant, party official, or voter; Any benefit as consideration for the recipient's decision, opinion, recommendation, vote of other exercise of discretion in a judicial or administrative proceeding F2

Bribery (36.02)

Which major case established Probable Cause in the U.S.?

Brinegar v. United States

Which case determined that a person cannot be required to identify himself, even during lawful detention?

Brown v. Texas

INTENTIONALLY or KNOWINGLY Enters a building/habitation not open to the public without consent of the owner with intent to commit or does commit felony, theft, or assault. SJF if building other than habitation F3 if building is a commercial building storing controlled substances w/intent to steal them F2 if habitation F1 if habitation entered w/intent to commit felony other than felony theft

Burglary (30.02)

INTENTIONALLY or KNOWINGLY Breaks/enters into any coin-operated machine w/intent to obtain property or services without effective consent of owner. Misdemeanor A

Burglary of Coin-Operated Machine (30.03)

INTENTIONALLY or KNOWINGLY Breaks into/enters a vehicle or any part of a vehicle without consent of the owner, and with intent to commit a felony or theft. Misdemeanor A SJF if 2+ previous convictions or vehicle broken into was a rail car F3 if vehicle was owned by distributor of prescription drugs, or actor breaks into/enters vehicle with intent to commit theft of controlled substance

Burglary of a Vehicle (30.04)

"A place designated by law for the confinement of a person arrested for, charged with, or convicted of a criminal offense." is what?

C

No citizen of this State shall be deprived of life, liberty, property, privileges or immunities, or in any manner disfranchised, except by the due course of the law of the land.

CCP 1.04 Due Course of Law

The accused shall have a speedy public trial by an impartial jury. He shall have the right to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him, and to have a copy thereof. He shall not be compelled to give evidence against himself, and shall have the right of being heard by himself, or counsel, or both.

CCP 1.05 Rights of Accused

The defendant in a criminal prosecution for any offense may waive any rights secured him by law except that a defendant in a capital felony case may waive the right of trail by jury only in the manner permitted by Article 1.13(b).

CCP 1.14 Waiver of Rights

Jury required in felony trial. If the defendant pleas guilty, still must have sufficient evidence.

CCP 1.15 Jury in Felony

No person will be disqualified to give evidence in court because of religious belief.

CCP 1.17 Religious Belief

The proceedings and trials in all courts shall be public (can have closed-door trials in certain high-profile cases for safety concerns).

CCP 1.24 Public Trial

Defendant will be confronted with the witnesses, except in certain cases/where depositions have been taken.

CCP 1.25 Confronted by Witnesses

Driving while having alcohol in system prohibited

Cannot drive a Commercial motor vehicle with any measurable or detectable amount of alcohol.

License or Permit required.

Cannot drive a commercial vehicle without immediate possession of a CDL that corresponds to the class of vehicle.

Restricted access

Cannot drive on or from a limited access or controlled access roadway. Only at the entrance/ exit that is established by a public authority.

Safely turning

Cannot move/turn the vehicle from the direct course unless that it can be made safely.

Signaling stops

Cannot stop suddenly or decrease speed without first giving a stop signal to the vehicle to the rear.

Bicycle

Capable of being ridden solely using human power; and has two tandem wheels at least one of which is more than 14 inches in diameter.

A writ issued by either a court-ordered clerk or a judge of the court with jurisdiction after commitment or bail but before trial is a?

Capias

"An offense so designated by law or punishable by death or confinement in a penitentiary" defines what class of offense?

Capital Felony

Death or Life in prison without parole Will not put to death someone who is younger then 18 years old

Capital Felony Punishment

Commits murder of/for/during: - Peace officer/fireman in lawful discharge of duty - INTENTIONALLY committing murder during commission of kidnapping, burglary, robbery, agg. sex assault, arson, obstruction/retaliation, or terroristic threat. - Remuneration (monies) - Incarceration in a penal institution - Murders more than one person - Murders an individual younger than 10 y/o, 10 y/o or older but younger than 15 y/o.

Capital Murder (19.03)

All prisoners shall be bailable unless for a ______________ when the proof is evident.

Capital Offense (1.07)

The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate, but CANNOT be waived in what type of cases?

Capital offenses

55-60% (70% for athletes) of total daily calories

Carbohydrate Needs

- starches, sugar and fiber - energy source; body's preferred source of energy - used to burn fat efficiently - main energy source for the brain - fiber helps to keep the digestive system working efficiently

Carbohydrates

Political 1840 - 1930 Reform 1930 - 1980 Community 1980 - 2000 Intel/Tech 2000 - Present

Eras of Policing

Knowingly or intentionally receives, possesses or disposes of stolen cargo. SJF $1,500 but less than $10k F3 $10k but less than $100k F2 $100k but less than $200k F1 if $200k+

Cargo Theft (31.18)

- Curiosity and suspiciousness • Solidarity - taking care of one another • Secrecy - protection from hostile environment • Political and social conservatism • Cynicism - Hobbesian view of social work • Social isolation • Authoritarian approach to control, conformity • Support during difficult/stressful time

Characteristics of Police Subculture

Explosive

Chemical compound or mechanical mixture that is commonly intended for use or used to produce an explosion

Portions of law defining personal and property rights of individuals

Civil Law

"A facility owned, leased, or operated by the state, or by a vendor under contract with the state, that houses only persons who have been civilly committed as sexually violent predators under Ch. 841, Health & Safety Code"

Civil commitment facility

Electric Bicycle Classes

Class 1 Electric bicycle: (A) equipped with a motor that assists the rider only when the rider is pedaling, (B) with a top assisted speed of 20 miles per hour or less, Class 2 electric bicycle: (A) equipped with a motor that may be used to propel the bicycle without the pedaling of the rider, B) with a top assisted speed of 20 miles per hour or less, Class 3 electric bicycle: (A) equipped with a motor that assists the rider only when the rider is pedaling, (B) with a top assisted speed of more than 20 but less than 28 miles per hour.

Fine not to exceed $4,000Confinement in Jail not to exceed 1 year

Class A Misdemeanor Punishment

Fine not to exceed $2,000Confinement in Jail not to exceed 180 days

Class B Misdemeanor Punishment

Fine not to exceed $500

Class C Misdemeanor Punishmen

Capital, First, Second, Third, State Jail

Classification of Felonies

Class A, Class B, Class C

Classification of Misdemeanors

If by means of coercion defendant: 1) Influences or attempts to influence a public servant in a specific exercise of official power or a specific performance of official duty or influences or attempts to influence a public servant to violate the public servant's known legal duty; or 2) Influences or attempts to influence a voter not to vote or to vote in a particular manner. Class A misdemeanor unless the coercion is a threat to commit a felony = F3.

Coercion of Public Servant or Voter (36.03)

General Offenses (547.004) (Dealing with Vehicle Standards)

Commits an misdemeanor if person operates or moves or as owner knowingly permits another to operate or move a vehicle that is unsafe so as to endanger a person; is not equipped in a manner that complies w/vehicle equip. standards. Fee not to exceed $10

Safety Belt (545.413)

Commits an offense if at least 15yrs; riding in operated vehicle; occupying a seat that is equipped w/safety belt. (Fine 25-50)b) if younger than 17 and not required to be in car seat, rides in a vehicle with provided safety belt unsecured. (Fine 100-200)

Obeying Warning Signs and Barricades (472.022)

Commits an offense if disobeys the instructions, signals, warnings or markings of a warning sign or driver around a barricade.

Child passenger safety seat systems (545.412)

Commits an offense if operates a vehicle and transports a child who is younger than 8, unless child is taller than 4'9". and does not keep child secured in a child passenger safety seat. Misdemeanor Fine 25-250.

Tampering with warning devices (472.021)

Commits an offense if person tampers with, damages or removes a barricade, flare pot, sign flasher signal or other device warning of construction, repair, detour set out by state, contractor or public utility. Fine 25-100, confinement in jail not to exceed 2yrs.

Riding in open beds

Commits offense if child is younger than 18 (fine $25-$200)

Riding in or on boat or personal watercraft drawn by vehicles (545.4145)

Commits offense if child younger than 18 occupies while be drawn by a motor vehicle.

Deceptively Similar License Plate (504.946)

Commits offense if manufactures, sells, or possesses a license plate deceptively similar to a license plate issued by the dept. or makes copy or likeness of a lice plate deceptively similar to license plate issued w/intent to sell the copy or likeness.

Operations of vehicle w/o license plate (504.943)

Commits offense if the person operates on public highway, during a registration period, a motor vehicle that does not display two license plates .

decentralized, personalized police service to the community.

Community Policing provides

Police Legitimacy

Community's view of whether police have acted legally and lawfully

The affidavit made before the magistrate or district, or county attorney is called a _____________________ if it charges the commission of an offense

Complaint

- potatoes, whole grain, beans, fruits, veggies - full of vitamins, minerals and fiber - energy is provided slow and gradual - increasing intake is a better nutritional choice

Complex Carbohyrates

The anniversary of his/her birthdate

Computation of Age (1.06)

What are the Three Types of Interactions With Citizens?

Consensual Encounter, Investigatory Stop/Detention, Arrests

"Assent in fact, whether express or apparent" is the definition of?

Consent

Elected County Law Enforcement

Constables- Art. 5, Sec. 18 Texas Constitution Sheriffs- Art. 5, Sec. 23 Texas Constitution

"Confined", Imprisoned", "In Custody", "Confinement", "Imprisonment", refer not only to the actual, corporeal and forcible detention of person, but likewise to any coercive measures by threats, menaces or the fear of injury, whereby one person exercises a control over the person of another, and detains him within certain limits? (11.21)

Constructive Custody

Commits 2 or more acts of sexual abuse against one or more children under the age of 14 during a 30-day or more period of time. Felony 1 w/minimum sentence of 25 yrs. NTE 99 yrs.

Continuous Sexual Abuse of Young Child or Children (21.02)

During a period that is 10 or more days in duration, the person engages two or more times in Smuggling of Persons.Felony 2

Continuous Smuggling of Persons (20.06)

__________________ includes nonprofit corporations, professional associations created pursuant to statute, and join stock companies.

Corporation

Criminal: Class A/B misdemeanor; Civil: Varies

County Court at Law (Court Jurisdiction)

Criminal (CCP 4.04, Sec. 1 & 2)

Court of Criminal Appeals Jurisdiction

Sees Criminal & Civil Cases

Courts of Appeal (Court Jurisdiction)

Civil/Criminal (CCP 4.03)

Courts of Appeal Jurisdiction

Sees Criminal Cases Only

Courts of Criminal Appeal (Court Jurisdiction)

A person recklessly engages in conduct that places another imminent danger of serious bodily injury/ discharging a firearm at a habitation, building, or vehicle. Class A misdemeanor.

Deadly Conduct

Sympathetic Nervous System

Creates biochemical changes to the mind and body to prepare to respond to threat (fight or flight)

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Creates major distress and long lasting disruptive change in a person's life. This is not "normal" stress and may need professional help. Symptoms are prolonged past 1 month.

Intentionally or knowingly uses a card that has not been issued to him/her without consent of the cardholder, or a card that is expired, revoked, or cancelled with intent to fraudulently obtain property/services. SJF 3rd Degree Felony if victim is an elderly person.

Credit Card or Debit Card Abuse (32.31)

INTENTIONALLY or KNOWINGLY Does an act amounting to more than mere preparation that fails to affect commission of the intended offense. Penalty is one level lower than actual offense.

Criminal Attempt (15.01)

INTENTIONALLY or KNOWINGLY With intent that a felony be committed Agrees with one or more persons that one or more of them engage in conduct that would constitute the offense, and one or more of them performs an overt act in accordance with the agreement. Penalty is usually one level lower than actual offense.

Criminal Conspiracy (15.02)

The commission of two or more offenses, regardless of whether the harm is directed toward or inflicted upon more than one person or item of property.

Criminal Episode

Law for the purpose of preventing harm to society

Criminal Law

If without the effective consent of owner-destroys tangible property-Tampers with tangible property of the owner and causes pecuniary loss or substantial inconvenience to the owner or a third person- Uses Theft Table. Class A- Interruption to water supply SJF- Deals with live stock, Public communications

Criminal Mischief (28.03)

"A person is ought to be aware of a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the circumstances exist or the result will occur. The risk must be of such a nature/degree that the failure to perceive it constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of care that an ordinary person would exercise under all the circumstances as viewed from the actor's standpoint"

Criminal Negligence

Intentionally or knowingly fails to provide support for the person's child SJF

Criminal Non-Support (25.05)

INTENTIONALLY or KNOWINGLY Requests/commands/attempts to induce another person to engage in conduct that would constitute a capital/1st degree felony. Penalty is Felony 1 if offense solicited was capital offense; or Felony 2 if offense solicited was a Felony 1

Criminal Solicitation (15.03)

Solicits a minor (under 17 y/o) with intent to commit: Capital murder, murder, indecency w/ child, Aggravated Kidnapping, sexual assault, Aggravated robbery, certain drug offenses, sexual assault, or sexual performance by child. Penalty is usually one level lower than actual offense.

Criminal Solicitation of a Minor (15.031)

Remains on agricultural land of another w/o consent and had notice that entry was forbidden. Misdemeanor C INTENTIONALLY, KNOWINGLY or RECKLESSLY enters or remains on property of another w/o consent, while having notice that entry was forbidden or remained on property after told to leave Misdemeanor B Misdemeanor A if deadly weapon carried, or habitation, shelter center, Superfund site, or critical infrastructure facility was entered. The entire body must enter

Criminal Trespass (30.05)

School Crosswalk

Crosswalk inside a school crossing zone

Intentional, Knowing, Reckless, Criminal Negligence

Culpable Mental States

If defendant intentionally or knowingly: 1) Uses abusive, indecent, profane, or vulgar language in a public place, and the language by its very utterance tends to incite an immediate breach of the peace; 2) Makes an offensive gesture or display in a public place, and the gesture or display tends to incite an immediate breach of the peace; 3) Makes unreasonable noise in a public place other than a sport shooting range; 4) Fights with another in a public place; 5) Peeping Tom Class C

Disorderly Conduct (42.01)

Criminal: Felonies; Civil: no limits

District Court (Court Jurisdiction)

Applicability

Does not apply to farmer operated vehicle to transport ag products to farm and from a farm within 150 miles. Fire-fighting or emergency vehicle. Military vehicle or commercial vehicle. Recreational Vehicle.

Being tried twice for the same crime. This is prevented by the 5th Amendment

Double Jeopardy

Passing to the left: passing zones

Driver can only pass when signs and lane markers permit them to do so

Class C license - TC 521.083

Driver can operate a vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating less than 26,001 pounds towing a farm trailer with a gross vehicle weight rating that is less than 20,000 pounds. (Most drivers have this)

Driving to left of center of roadway: limitations other than passing

Driver may not drive on the left side of the roadway if within 100 feet of an intersection or railroad grade. Within 100 feet of a bridge or tunnel. Or while waiting for a ferry.

Driving past vehicle moving in opposite direction

Driving past vehicle moving in opposite direction Operator shall move or remain to the right.

Effect of military service on license requirements(TC 521.028)

Effect of military service on license requirements(TC 521.028) Unless the license is suspended, canceled, or revoked, it remains valid while the person is absent from this state. If the person is honorably discharged from active duty, the license remains valid until; ○ The 91st day after the discharge date or, ○ The date on which the person returns to the state.

A facility used to switch or change voltage in connection with the transmission of electric energy for distribution to the public.

Electric Utility Substation

Traffic-control signal

Electric, or mechanical device that alternately directs traffic to stop and to proceed.

Intentionally & knowingly makes markings including inscriptions, slogans, drawing or paintings. (mirrors criminal mischief) Follow theft chart

Graffiti (28.08)

A person with intent to assault, harass, or alarm causes another person to contact the blood, seminal fluid, vaginal, saliva, urine, or feces of the actor. 3rd Degree Felony.

Harassment by Persons in Certain Facilities; Harassment of Public Servant.

Intentionally or knowingly harbors a child and is criminally negligent about whether child is under 18 y/o, or when child has escaped custody of peace officer. Misdemeanor A

Harboring a Runaway Child (25.06)

"Anything reasonably regarded as loss, disadvantage, or injury, including harm to another person in whose welfare the person affected is interested" is the definition of?

Harm

Following distance

Having enough distance for breaking in between two vehicles to safely stop, having a vehicle to safely enter in between two vehicles that have enough space.

Signals by hand and arm or by signal lamp

Having the vehicle equipped with signal lamp to give indication of turning, and using hand and arm method of turning as well.

Director

Head of Department of Public Safety

Knowingly makes or causes to be made false statement of a material fact to permit a person to receive a benefit, conceals or fails to disclose information to a person, applies for and receives a benefit or payment on behalf of a person. Theft Table

Health Care Fraud (35A.02)

80/20 rule

Healthy 80% and Treats 20%

Limited-access or controlled-access highway

Highways which can restrict access

Ruled unconstitutional by US Supreme Court Unenforceable

Homosexual Conduct (21.06)

Reckless Driving (545.401)

If a driver has a wilful or wanton disregard for safety of persons or property. Fine not exceed 200, jail less 30 days. Class B Misdemeanor

Person incapable of refusal (724.014)

If a person is dead, unconscious or otherwise incapable of refusal is considered not to have withdrawn the consent. If dead a specimen may be taken by ME or licensed mortician.

Officer's duties for license suspension; written refusal report (724.032)

If a person refuses specimen whether expressly or because of an intentional failure the peace officer shall serve notice of license suspension or denial; take possession of any license issued by state and held by person arrested; issue a temp. driving permit and make a written report of refusal to director of dept.

Fine for offense in Construction or Maintenance Work Zone(TC 542.404)

If an offense is committed in a construction or maintenance zone when workers are present and written notice to appear issued for the offense states that workers were present when the offense was committed then the minimum and maximum fine are twice as if the offense was committed outside the construction or maintenance zone

Wrong, Fictitious, Alter or Obscured License Plate (504.945)

If attaches or displays a license plate issued for a different vehicle, issued for the vehicle under any other mv law, assigned of a registration period other than the period in effect; is fictitious; as blurring or reflective matter that significantly impairs the readability, has a coating, covering or protective substance.

Restrictions on windows (547.613)

If operates a motor vehicle that has an object or material that is placed on or attached to the windshield or side or rear window that obstructs or reduces the operators clear view.

Statement requested on refusal (724.031)

If person refuses taking of specimen the peace officer shall request person to sign statement that the officer requested that the person submit to taking of specimen, the person was informed of the consequences and the person refused to submit to the taking of specimen.

Lane-direction-control signals

If there is a signal over a lane that is green then its drivable, if its red its not drivable. It dictates if you can drive in a lane or not

Use of Portable Wireless Communication Device for Electronic Messaging (545.4251)

If uses portable wireless communication device to read, write, or send an electronic message while operating a vehicle, unless stopped. To be prosecuted must be committed in presence or view of peace officer or established by other evidence.

Fleeing or Attempting to Elude Police Officer (545.421)

If willfully fails or refuses to bring vehicle to stop or elude pursing police vehicle when given visual/audible signal. Class B If places another in imminent danger or SBI Class A.

1) Impersonates a public servant with intent to induce another to submit to his pretended official authority or to rely on his pretended official acts; Knowingly purports to exercise without legal authority. Punishment is felony of 3rd degree.

Impersonating Public Servant (37.11)

Employee of primary or secondary school engages in sexual contact, intercourse, deviate sexual intercourse, or solicitation of a child with a student. Felony 2

Improper Relationship Between Educator and Student (21.12)

- Stop Harmful drugs, smoking and chewing tobacco - Limit alcohol - exercise regularly - eat less animal fat, cholesterol and sodium - eat more complex carbs and drink more water - achieve and maintain a healthy body weight - limit sunlight exposure/wear sunblock - get immunizations - regular medical check-ups and self-exams

Improving Position on Wellness Continuum

Traditional Model is?

Incident Driven

Critical incident Stress (CIS)

Incident specific, this is heavy-duty stress that causes psychological and physical discomfort for 2 days to 1 month

limited information, mostly from victims, witnesses, and suspects.

Incident-Driven (trad. police model)

INTENTIONALLY or KNOWINGLY Engages in sexual contact with a child younger than 17 y/o, with intent to arouse or gratify sexual desire of any person, exposes the person's anus or genitals to the child, or causes the child to expose their anus or genitals. Felony 2 if sexual contact w/child Felony 3 if person exposes genitals/anus to child or causes the child to expose their anus/genitals

Indecency with a Child (21.11)

With a child YOUNGER than 17 years and not the spouse, whether the child is on of the same in or opposite sex. engages in sexual contact with the child or causes the child to engage in sexual contact. 2nd degree felony 3rd degree by a child.

Indecency with a child (21.11)

A person without the person's consent and with intent to arouse touches the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals. Class A misdemeanor.

Indecent Assault

INTENTIONALLY or KNOWINGLY Actor exposes anus/genitals w/intent to arouse or gratify sexual desire of another and is reckless about whether another person is present is offended or alarmed by the act. Misdemeanor B

Indecent Exposure (21.08)

Person

Individual, firm, partnership, association, or corporation

A person intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence causes serious bodily injury or impairment to a child, elderly, or disabled. 1st Degree Felony. (Serious Bodily injury or mental deficiency, impairment, or injury) 2nd Degree Felony (Bodily Injury)

Injury to a Child, Elderly Individual, or Disabled Individual

Personal injury

Injury to any part of the human body and that requires treatment.

A legal term describing one's inability to be responsible for one's action due to the condition of the mind

Insanity

If by accident or mistake:1) While operating an aircraft, watercraft, or amusement ride, while intoxicated, while operating a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated, by reason of that intoxication causes serious bodily injury; or 2) As a result of assembling a mobile amusement ride while intoxicated causes serious bodily injury to another. Felony of 3rd degree.

Intoxication Assault (49.07)

1) Operates a motor vehicle in a public place, operates an aircraft, a watercraft, or an amusement ride, or assembles a mobile amusement ride; and 2) Is intoxicated and by reason of that intoxication causes the death of another by accident or mistake. Felony of 2nd degree.

Intoxication Manslaughter (49.08)

INTENTIONALLY Without a person's consent records or transmits visual image of a person's intimate parts in a bathroom/changing room, or a place another person had a reasonable expectation of privacy. SJF

Invasive Visual Recording (21.15)

Personal Identification Certificate

Is a issued Personal identification certificate that shall be issued by the department. shall indicate "under 21"

Chronic Stress

Is a prolonged unrelieved stress also called cumulative stress

Acute Stress

Is a short term stress with a quick resolution

Distress

Is a stressor that is perceived as negative (bad stress) such as injury, illness, divorce or being fired.

Eustress

Is a stressor that is perceived as positive (good stress) such as a promotion getting married or achieving an accomplishment

Legitimacy

Is strictly whether something is lawful

Hypervigilance

Is the elevated alertness of surroundings required of law enforcement officers for survival

Intentionally or Knowingly Issues/passes a check or similar sight order for payment of money knowing there are insufficient funds Misdemeanor C Misdemeanor B if for payment of court-ordered child support payment

Issuing a Bad Check (32.41)

The effective date of the CCP is?

January 1, 1966 (1.02)

Criminal; misdemeanor class C; Civil: up to $10k (county sheriff's tickets)

Justice Court (Court Jurisdiction)

INTENTIONALLY or KNOWINGLY Abducting another person. Felony 3

Kidnapping (20.03)

"With respect to the nature of his conduct or to circumstances surrounding his conduct when he is aware of the nature of his conduct or that the circumstance exist.

Knowingly

Most decisions are made at the management and mid-management level with little citizen involvement.

Lack of Community & Employee Involvement in Decision-Making Process (trad. police model)

A person intentionally or knowingly leaves a child in a motor vehicle for longer than five minutes. Younger then 7 years old and not attended by an individual who is 14 year old or older. Class C misdemeanor.

Leaving a Child in a Vehicle

Required Policy Terms (601.073)

Liability insurance policy must state: 1. name & address of name insured. 2. coverage provided under policy. 3. premium charged for policy 4. policy period. 5. limits of liability.

Class M license - TC 521.084

License you need to operate a motorcycle

Turning at intersection

Making a right turn by approaching and turning as closely to the right hand curb/ edge of the roadway. Making a left hand turn by entering the left lane most available before the intersection, and when approaching the intersection turn left leaving the intersection to arrive in a lane lawfully available to traffic moving in the same direction.

RECKLESSLY Causes death of an individual Felony 2

Manslaughter (19.04)

Commits offense if manufactures, posses, deliver, offers to deliver or advertises: counterfeit telecommunication device or to conceal the existence or place of origin or destination of telecommunication. Felony 3rd Degree.

Manufacture, Possession, or Delivery of Unlawful Telecommunications Device(33A.03)

The case amending Miranda v. Arizona that allows for further interrogation after a 14-day break is?

Maryland v. Shatzer

State is material regardless of the admissibility of the statement under the rules of evidence, if it could have affected the course or outcome of official proceeding.

Materiality (37.04)v

Auxiliary driving lamps (547.330)

May be equipped w/no more 2 auxiliary driving lamps. Shall be mounted on front at height 16-42".

Fog Lamps (547.328)

May be equipped with not more than 2 fog lamps. Mounted front 12-30"b)aimed so no part of high intensity portion projects a beam of light at a distance of 25ft that is higher than 4".

CCP 1.13 Waiver of Trial by Jury

May enter plea and waive trial by jury - In writing or open court - Must be approved by court and attorney representing the State Cannot waive trial by jury in Capital where State IS seeking death penalty A defendant not represented by an attorney must have one appointed if waiving trial by jury

Surety Bond (601.121)

May establish financial responsibility by filing a bond with at least 2 individual sureties, each of whom own real property

Spot-lamps (547.327)

May not be equipped w/more than 2 spotlights. Shall be aimed so that no part of beam strikes windshield, window, mirror or occupant.

Carrying Passengers (551A.074)

May not carry a passenger on an off-highway vehicle operated on public off-highway vehicle land/beach/highway unless designed to transport passengers.

Passing to the right

May only pass to the right if the vehicle in front is performing a left hand turn, and the move can be made safely. May pass on the right if there is an obstruction in the roadway.

Automated Motor Vehicle (545.454)

May operate in this state regardless if human operator is physically present. May not operate on highway if not able to comply w/laws, equipped w/recording device

What is the case falling under the 5th amendment involving self-incrimination and right to counsel?

Miranda v. Arizona

"An offense so designated by law or punishable by fine, by confinement in jail, or by both fine and confinement in jail" is what class of offense?

Misdemeanor

A mistaken belief negated the kind of culpability required for commission of the offense.

Mistake of Fact

Ignorance of the law is no defense UNLESS defendant reasonably believed the conduct charged did not constitute a crime.v

Mistake of Law

Knowingly acquires, possesses, maintains interest, transfers, or transports the proceeds of criminal activity or funds believed to further the commission of criminal activity. Minimum to file is 2,500 - Uses Theft Table.

Money Laundering (34.02)

__________________________ is a belief that would be held by an ordinary and prudent man in the same circumstances as the actor.

Reasonable Belief

___________________________ is defined by the court as "sufficient articulable facts and circumstances, and reasonable inferences drawn from those facts, which would lead a reasonable officer to conclude that criminal activity is afoot.

Reasonable Suspicion

School Crossing Zone

Reduced speed zone on street where a school is. Applies at certain times.

The case of Payton v. New York regards what?

Regards entry into a residence without warrant. Only in exigent circumstances may an officer enter without warrant.

a spontaneous utterance

Res Gestae

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Responsible for rest, digestion, and nutrients

The kind of control which one person exercises over another is called? (11.22)

Restraint

What are Ex Post Facto laws?

Retroactive punishments for actions already committed

Any penetration of the female sex organ by the male sex organ.

Sexual Intercourse

Safety Zone

Roadway officially designed for pedestrian use and that is protected or marked or indicated by adequate signs

Laned Roadway

Roadway that is divided into at least two clearly marked lanes

Commits offense if in course of committing theft and with intent to obtain/maintain control of property. INTENTIONALLY/KNOWINGLY/RECKLESSLY causes bodily injury. F2

Robbery (29.02)

____________ includes regulation.

Rule

Notice of change of address or name(TC 521.054)

SHALL notify the department of the change not later than the 30th day after the date on which the change takes effect. A person shall notify the department of the former and new address or former and new name.

Muffler (547.604)

Shall be equipped in good working condition that continually operates to prevent excessive/unusual noise. May not use a cutout or bypass.

Mirror (547.602)

Shall be equipped w a mirror located to reflect a view of highway for a distance of at least 200 ft from rear of vehicle.

Stop lamps Required (547.323)

Shall be equipped w/at least two stop lamps. (1960-1 stop lamp) Shall be red or amber and visible in normal sunlight at least 300 ft.

A fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats, lards, and dairy products.

Saturated Fats

A __________________________________ is a written order, issued by a magistrate and directed to a peace officer, commanding him to search for any property or thing and to seize the same and bring it before such magistrate or commanding him to search for and photograph a child and to deliver to the magistrate any of the film exposed pursuant to the order

Search Warrant

Beck v. Ohio covers what?

Searches must be based on lawful arrest. Arrest must be based on probable cause.

20 years- 2 years fine not to exceed $10,000

Second Degree Felony Punishment

Intentionally or Knowingly posses or has custody of a child under 18 y/o, whether or not the person has actual possession of the child. Felony 3

Selling or Purchasing a Child (25.08)

The US Constitution was ratified on what date?

September 17, 1787

"Bodily injury that creates a substantial risk of death or that causes death, serious permanent disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ"

Serious Bodily Injury

Defendant's right of concurrent or consecutive sentences

Severance

INTENTIONALLY or KNOWINGLY Threatens or by coercion/extortion threatens to commit or not commit an offense in order to obtain intimate visual material, acts involving sexual conduct/arousal/gratification, or monetary value. SJF Felony 3 if previously convicted

Sexual Coercion (21.18)

Any touching of the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of another person with intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person.

Sexual Contact

INTENTIONALLY and KNOWINGLY W/intent to obtain pecuniary benefit uses motor vehicle, or other means of transport to transport person(s) w/intent to conceal from peace officers/special investigators, flee from said individuals, or encourages a person to enter/remain in country illegally. Felony 3

Smuggling of Persons (20.05)

These are considered to be what under the CCP? - FBI Agents - Secret Service Agents - US Marshals/deputies - BATFE agents - DEA Agents - IRS Agents

Special Investigators (2.122)

Body adapts specifically to the type of demand placed on it.

Specificity

Gross Combination Weight Rating

Specified value of the loaded weight of a combination or articulated vehicle plus the weight of a towed unit's whatever is on the load.

A person whom a person is legally married.

Spouse

Commits an offense if on more than one occasion and pursuant to the same scheme or course of conduct that is directed specially at another person, knowingly or reasonably should know that other person will regard threatening. F3

Stalking (42.072)

Park or parking

Stand an occupied or unoccupied vehicle, other than temporarily while loading or unloading merchandise or passengers.

Which case prevents execution of arrest warrants at third party residences?

Steagald v. United States

- Stress (cyclic - continuous reinforcement) - Commitment to community values and needs becomes secondary - Cynicism and alienation (Niederhoffer) - Dirty Harry problem: good ends, but through dirty means

Subculture Social Problems

Inherent Political Power (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec 2

Freedom and Sovereignty of the State(Powers not delegated to the Fed. Gov't. are retained by the states) (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 1

Rights of Accused in Criminal Prosecutions (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 10

Bail (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 11

Multiple Convictions, Denial of Bail (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 11a

Violation of Condition of Release (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 11b

Violation of Protective Order - Family Violence (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 11c

Excessive Bail, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Due Course of Law (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 13

Double Jeopardy (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 14

Taking Property (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 17

Deprivation of life, liberty, property, due course of law (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 19

Outlawry or Transportation (TX Constitution)

TX Constitution Art. 1 Sec. 20

Business District

Territory adjacent to and including a highway if buildings used for business or industrial purposes are located:- Within a 600-foot segment along the highway and- Within that segment the buildings occupy at least 300 ft. of frontage on one or both sides of the highway.(30 MPH prima facie speed limit)

Urban District

Territory adjacent to and including a highway, if the territory is not in a municipality and is improved with structures at intervals less than 100 ft. for at least 1/4th mi. on either side of the highway. 30 MPH on street/15 mph in an alley

Residence District

Territory other than a business district, adjacent to and including a highway, if at least 300 ft. of the highway frontage is primarily improved with residences or buildings used for business purposes and residences.(30 MPH prima facie speed limit)

A person threatens any offense of violence to any person or property with intent to place any person in fear of imminent serious bodily injury. Class B Misdemeanor.

Terroristic Threat

The landmark case for temporary seizure of person for investigation based on an officer's reasonable suspicion of criminal activity is?

Terry v. Ohio

A party to an offense may not be prosecuted for any offense about which he is required to furnish evidence or testify and it may not be used against the party in an adjudicatory proceeding expect a prosecution for aggravated perjury.

Testimonial Immunity

a militia group employed to protect the settlers from Indian and bandit raids in 1823.

Texas Rangers

The first ten amendments of the US Constitution

The Bill of Rights is comprised of what?

The conservator of the peace in each county is?

The Sheriff (2.17)

Restriction on use of highway

The authority to restrict traffic to certain lanes, or vehicles. Could be from a change in pavement conditions, traffic, roadway configuration, construction/maintenance, and emergency/incidents that are on the roadway.

A peace officer works for?

The citizens of the community in which he or she is employed.

"Law" is defined as?

The constitution of this state or of the US, a written opinion of a court of record, a municipal ordinance, an order of a count commissioners court, or a rule authorized by and lawfully adopted under a statute.

Notice to Department; Issuance of Occupational License

The court shall send a certified copy of the petition and the court order setting out the judge's findings and restrictions to the department. until the 45th day

Accident and conviction reports; Individual records(TC 521.042)

The department SHALL record each accident report. Peace officers, fire fighters, or emergency services of this state may not have information relating to traffic accidents under $1,000 or accidents not at fault that occur while driving an official vehicle in the course and scope of official duties on their license record. Before issuing or renewing a license, the department SHALL examine the record of the applicant for information relating to traffic violations or traffic accidents.

Classifications: Dealing with passengers

The department may issue a class A license that covers a gross vehicle weight rating, Class B vehicle designed to transport 24 or more, Class C designed to transport 16-23 passengers or hazardous materials.

Instruction Permit

The department may issue a learner license (class A or B) to anyone that is 15 or older but under 18. has to complete driver's ED class.

General Information on Driver's License

The driver's license must include distinguishing number assigned by department, a photograph of the entire face, full name and date of birth, a brief description of the holder and the license holder's residence address. The license also must have the license holder's signature for it to be valid.

Persons exempt from license requirements(TC 521.027)

The following are exempt from license requirements; ○ A person in service of the state military forces while the person operates an official motor vehicle in the scope of that service. ○ A person operating road machine, farm tractor, or implement of husbandry. ○ Nonresident on active duty in the armed forces or Canadian province of residence.

Define Restraint (11.22)

The kind of control which one person exercises over another, not to confine him within certain limits, but to subject him to the general authority and power of the person claiming such right

Stop signs and yield signs

The operator must stop at a stop sign or yield sign, if there is no sign present then the operator must stop before entering a crosswalk, at a clearly marked stop line.

Criminal Penalty

The person who holds an occupational license commits an offense if the person violates the restrictions. Class B misdemeanor.

Sidewalk

The portion of a street that is between a curb or lateral line of a roadway and the adjacent property line and intended for pedestrian use.

Right-of-way

The right of one vehicle or pedestrian to proceed in a lawful manner in preference to another vehicle or pedestrian that is approaching

Peace Officers from Adjoining States have what kind of power?

The same power and duties as peace officers of this state who are acting in discharge of official duty. (2.124)

Speed limit exception for emergencies/Municipal Regulation (545.365)

This does not apply to to authorized EV responding to call, physician or authorized vehicle operated by blood or tissue bank.

Duty of Care (546.005)

This does not relieve the operator of authorized EV the duty to operate vehicle w//appropriate regard for safety of all persons or consequences of reckless disregard for safety of others.

Gross vehicle weight rating

The value by the manufacturer as the loaded weight of a single vehicle.

Gross combination weight rating

The value specified by the manufacturer as the loaded weight of a combination or articulated vehicle or, The sum of the gross vehicle weight rating of the power unit and the total weight of a towed unit.

Gross vehicle weight

The weight of a vehicle and the weight of its load

Unlawfully appropriates property with intent to deprive owner of property. Refer to theft table for charge level.

Theft (31.03)

Intentionally or knowingly secures performance of a service provided only for compensation by deception, threat, or false token. See theft table for penalty.

Theft of Service (31.04)

Commits offense if KNOWINGLY obtains or attempts to obtain telecommunication service to avoid or cause another person to avoid lawful charge for service by using: counterfeit device or use device w/o permission. Class B: under $500 Class A: $500>$1,500 or Less then $500 and previously convicted SJF: $1,500>$20,000 or Less then $1,500 and previously convicted F3: $20,000>$100,000 F2: $100,000>$200,000 F1: <$200,000

Theft of Telecommunications Service (33A.04)

Intentionally or knowingly steals, copies a representing article, or communicates/transmits a trade secret without owner consent. Felony 3

Theft of Trade Secrets (31.05)

10 years- 2 years fine not to exceed $10,000

Third Degree Felony Punishment

KNOWINGLY Transports a person or received benefit for participation in such w/intent that the victim be engaged in forced labor or services. Felony 2 Felony 1 if child is engaged in forced labor/services

Trafficking of Persons (20A.02)

What is the only crime in the US Constitution?

Treason

Senators & representatives are privileged from arrest during the session of legislature except in cases of ________, ________, or ____________________.

Treason, felony, breach of peace (1.21)

INTENTIONALLY or KNOWINGLY License holder carries concealed handgun on property of another without consent and receives notice that: Entry on premises w/concealed handgun is forbidden, or, remaining on property w/concealed handgun was forbidden and failed to depart Misdemeanor C

Trespass by Holder of License to Carry Concealed Handgun (30.06)

INTENTIONALLY or KNOWINGLY License holder carries concealed handgun on property of another without consent and receives notice that: Entry on premises w/concealed handgun is forbidden, or, remaining on property w/concealed handgun was forbidden and failed to depart Misdemeanor C Openly Carries Handgun

Trespass by License Holder with an Openly Carried Handgun (30.07)

District Court, County Court at Law, Justice Court, Municipal Court

Trial Courts (Court Jurisdiction)

Intentionally or knowingly operating a boat, airplane, or motor vehicle belonging to another without their consent. SJF

Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle (31.07)

Commits offense if an employed in any way by a telecommunications service provider. KNOWINGLY and w/o authority uses or diverts telecommunication for own benefit or of another. Class B - if less than 500

Unauthorized use of Telecommunications Service (33A.02)

__________________ means criminal or tortious or both and includes what would be criminal or tortious but for a defense not amounting to justification or privilege.

Unlawful

Intentionally, Knowingly or recklessly carries a handgun - Class A If carry a location restricted knife - Class C

Unlawful Carrying Weapons (46.02)

A person without the effective consent of the depicted person and with the intent to harm that person discloses the material. A State Jail Felony.

Unlawful Disclosure or Promotion of Intimate Visual Material

KNOWINGLY Transmitting by electronic means visual material depicting any person engaging in sexual conduct or with their intimate parts exposed, or covered genitals of male person in turgid state and without their consent. Misdemeanor C

Unlawful Electronic Transmission of Sexually Explicit Visual Material (21.19)

INTENTIONALLY OR KNOWINGLY Possesses criminal instrument w/intent to use it in an offense. (Object MUST be modified for criminal use)Possession is one category lower than offense intended. Manufacturing, adapting, selling, etc., w/intent to use it or aid another in commission of an offense is an SJF.

Unlawful Use of Criminal Instrument or Mechanical Security Device (16.01)

Color Requirements (547.303)

Unless expressly provided otherwise, light or reflector mounted on rear must reflect red. A signaling device on rear may be red, amber or yellow.

Following or Obstructing Fire Apparatus or Ambulance (545.407)

Unless official business may not follow closer than 500 ft. if flashing red lights or drive/park where an ambulance has been summoned

A fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds.

Unsaturated Fats

The department's performance is largely measured by statistical comparisons. The department is doing a good job when the citywide crime rate is low, or the citywide arrest rate is high

Use of Aggregate Statistics (trad. police model)

The traditional model has used specialized units with a high degree of effectiveness. Directed patrol, traffic, investigative, and other related approaches have had a large degree of success in many police agencies.

Use of Specialized Units (trad. police model)

Pass or Passing

Vehicle means to overtake and proceed past another vehicle moving in the same direction as the passing vehicle or to attempt that maneuver

Government vehicle- TC 542.002

Vehicle owned or operated by the United States, this state, or a political subdivision of this state

Duty to display lights (547.302)

Vehicle shall display each lighted lamp and illuminating device at nighttime and when light is insufficient where not clearly discernible at distance of 1,000 ft.

With intent to arouse or gratify sexually, observing another without their consent while they had reasonable expectation of privacy. Misdemeanor C SJF if victim younger than 14 y/o

Voyeurism (21.17)

Daytime Policing

Ward

Balance to a work out

Warm up (5-10 minutes), Work out (20-30 minutes), Cool down (5-10 minutes)

Nighttime policing

Watch

What is the most important mineral?

Water

a person's health/disease status and risk potential. Ranges on a continuum from death to optimal well-being.

Wellness

- Self responsibility - stress management - tobacco cessation - weight control - proper nutrition - regular exercise

Wellness Pyramid

Duron v. City of Douglas, AZ

What is a major case that falls under the 1st amendment?

When conducting a frisk, when can you seize contraband items?

When the item is immediately articulate to be contraband.

Justices of all courts, mayors, and recorders of incorporated cities and towns.(2.09)

Who Are Magistrates?

Highway or street

Width between the boundary lines of a publicly maintained way any part of which is open to the public for vehicular travel

Can a person younger than 14 operate an off-highway vehicle on public off-highway vehicle land?

Yes, but they must be accompanied/under direct supervision of a parent or guardian.

Can a peace officer arrest make an arrest without warrant when ordered to by a magistrate?

Yes, if the offense is a felony or breach of peace committed in the magistrate's view.(14.02)

License Expiration

a driver's license expires on the first birthday of the license holder occurring after the eighth anniversary of the date of the application. Then depending on the type of license there are different expiration timelines.

"Police Legitimacy"

community's view of whether police have acted legally and lawfully

Legitimacy

whether something is lawful, legal, or recognized by law

Highway or Street

width between the boundary lines of a publicly maintained way any part of which is open to the public for vehicular travel