FINAL review - SCIENCE 1102

According to the graph, how much warmer on average were observed global temperatures in the year 2000 than in the year 1900

0.9°C

According to the graph above, in 1995, what was the per-person global production of seafood?

20 kg/person/year

24. According to the graph, what year is projected to begin a decrease in population growth for rural, less developed nations?

2010

9. What year is projected for global ecological footprint to potentially meet its biocapacity?

2040

If emmissions are not controlled, what is projected global surface warming (degrees C) in the year 2075?

3.0

In the 800,000 years prior to the modern era (industrial revolution), carbon dioxide concentrations never rose above what level?

300ppm

In 2015, the global ecological footprint of the human population is estimated to be ______________ than the what Earth can bear.

50% greater

Which soil horizon is the most valuable for agriculture

A horizon

Which of the following are UN Sustainable Development Goals?

Affordable and clean energy Zero hunger Clean water and sanitation No poverty Industry, innovation and infrastructure Quality education Decent work and economic growth Gender equality

What is the current geologic epoch in which biodiversity loss is occurring as a result of human activity?

Anthropocene

Which of the following has helped to reduce pressure on wild fish stocks?

Aquaculture

Current trends and future impacts of climate change include which of the following? Select all that may apply.

Average surface temperatures continue to increase Global sea level rises People are dislocated and/or become climate refugees from their country Polar regions experience least amount warming Thawing permafrost accelerates Ocean becomes more acidic Precipitation increases globally

According to the graph above, which agricultural practice results in mean rates of erosion most similar to erosion rates averaged over the geologic record?

Conservation tillage

The UN Sustainable Development Goals supports which of the following. Select ALL that may apply

Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, sea and marine resources for sustainable development Drastic reduction in human activity to allow ocean and marine systems an opportunity to recuperate. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

Human population growth affects nations in many ways. Which practice(s) have a negative impact on the environment? Select all that may apply

Depletion of natural resources

According to the textbook, the Green Revolution has had only negative effects on the environment due to its high use of synthetic fertilizers, synthetic pesticides, and unsustainable farming practices.

False

According to your textbook, all nations will eventually complete the profiled demographic transition, it is simply a question of WHEN each nation will complete all the stages in the transition.

False

Which of these would be negatively affected by the construction of a dam?

Habitat alteration upstream and downstream

Which phase of implementation of national adaptation plans has the fewest number of countries (developing countries and least developed countries) represented?

Implementation strategies

25. Which of the following statements are supported by the graph? Select all that apply.

In 2050, rural populations in less developed regions are projected to drop below 3 billion. In 2050, urban populations in less developed regions are projected to reach 5 billion. Urban growth in more developed regions is projected to be faster than urban growth in less developed regions. Rural populations are projected to drop in both more developed and less developed regions. In 1950, urban populations in more developed regions and less developed regions were almost equal.

Which of the following is NOT a change that has been observed in the Earth's atmosphere, climate, or oceans in the past 100 years?​​

Increase in ice sheet and glacier thickness

Which of the following is TRUE of eutrophication in marine systems?

It can lead to algal blooms and red tides that kill fish.

Which of the following are UN Sustainable Development Goals? Select all that apply.

Life Below Water Life on Land Sustainable Cities Responsible Production and Consumption Zero Hunger

Which of the following is true?

Most of Earth's fresh water is frozen.

Which nutrients are the most significant to consider in pollution of water ecosystems? Select all that may apply

Nitrogen Phosphorus

Which of the following occurs as oceans absorb more carbon dioxide?

Ocean pH decreases and become more acidic

17. According to the IPAT model, which factor(s) increase(s) environmental impact?

Overconsumption of consumer product items Enhanced acquisition of natural minerals Human population growth Industrial logging for timber

Which action, if followed by the global population leads to an ecological reserve.

Path toward sustainability

Reference the provided image of three (A, B, and C) population pyramids. Which is most representative of a population that is expected to show meaningful decreases in population in the near future?

Pyramid C

Your textbook adds an additional factor (S) to the classic I=P*A*T formula that estimates a society's impacts on the environment. What is this factor called?

Sensitivity

13. In 2018, which factor scored the highest capacity on their preparedness to detect, report on and respond to health emergencies according to International Health Regulations?

Surveillance

Why has our production of food increased over the past 50 years despite the growing the human population?

Technology in the form of fossil fuels, pesticides, and synthetic fertilizers has increased production

21. According to graph, which of the following statement(s) is FALSE?

The disparity between the proportions of male and female unenrolled at the upper secondary, lower secondary, and primary levels remains constant across the years (2000-2018).

According to the UN SDG 2020 Report, which of the following statements are TRUE.

The pandemic has spotlighted the shortage of medical personnel worldwide as well as the heavy burden on women as nursing personnel COVID-19 could reverse years of progress in reducing maternal and child deaths unless urgent action is taken Rising out-of-pocket health expenses are reaching unsustainable levels, pushing millions into extreme poverty The COVID-19 crisis has interrupted childhood immunization efforts globally, with potentially deadly consequences

Which of the following can you determine from the figure provided?

The population in Nigeria is growing more rapidly than Canada.

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about monocultures?

They increase biodiversity

The year 2020 was tied for the warmest year on record.

True

Which of the following may result in a positive feedback mechanism that would intensify climate change?

Warmer temperatures result in the melting of permafrost

Water mining occurs when _______________.

Water is withdrawn from an aquifer at a faster rate than it replenishes

All of the following statements describe global trends in fisheries production EXCEPT:

World fisheries capture production has declined between 1950 and 2012

Which of the following are sustainable development goals introduced by the United Nations? Select ALL that may apply.

Zero Poverty Quality Education Climate change action Life under Water No Hunger Clean Water and Sanitation Gender equality Life on Land

All of the following factors are thought to contribute to colony collapse disorder EXCEPT ________.

abnormally harsh winters

The breakdown of large rocks into smaller pieces is ________. primarily caused by topsoil erosion

affected by rainfall, freezing, and thawing

Which of the following is one of the major pollutants of groundwater?

agricultural chemicals

Humans use more fresh water for ________ than for any other purpose.

agricultural irrigation

Sustainable agriculture consists of which of the following?

all of the above

Which factor(s) contributes to land degradation

all of the above

Climate is defined as _________________​

an area's long-term atmospheric conditions.

Keeling's reports from Mauna Loa, Hawaii demonstrated ________.

an increase in tropospheric CO2 from the 1950s to the present

12. Which factor(s) indicate(s) the greatest change in capacity from 2018 to 2019. Select all that apply.

chemical events legislation and financing points of entry zoonotic events and the human-animal interface

Organic agriculture describes food growing practices that include ________?

compost

Which factors can be implemented for use of climate change mitigation? Select ALL that may apply.

conserving soil quality recovering landfill gases switching to renewable energy sources improving efficiency alleviating deforestation

All of the following were steps toward sustainability taken by Kennesaw State University EXCEPT ______.

constructing their own nuclear power plant

7. According to your textbook, increasing affluence tends to _____ a nation's total fertility rate and _____ the individual environmental impact of each citizen of that nation.

decrease, increase

As shown in your textbook, as girls are provided opportunities to further their education, a nation's total fertility rate typically

decreases

As water warms, it ________.

decreases in density

Compaction of soil from livestock harms the land by _______

decreasing aeration, decreasing infiltration, and increasing runoff

The average consumer can reduce his or her ecological footprint the most by ________.

eating less meat and dairy products

Inorganic/synthetic fertilizers are ________.

either mined or manufactured

An area where rivers flow into the ocean is called a(n)

estuary

11. The world is on track to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.

false

22. The age distribution predicts a faster growth in population from 1970 to 2019.

false

Economically, climate change is expected to shrink the gap between the rich and poor, as people with more wealth rely more heavily on resources likely to be disrupted.​

false

Evidence about paleoclimate, the climate in the ancient past, is NOT vital for providing a baseline against which we can measure changes to the climate today.​

false

Global greenhouse gas emissions of developing countries have declined by 6.5 per cent over the period 2000-2018 while, the emissions of developed countries are up by 43.2 per cent from 2000 to 2013.

false

The sun does not supply most of our planet's energy, which the atmosphere does not absorb nor reflect most of it before it even reaches the surface

false

Which of the following is defined as transferring genes between species and other laboratory manipulations of an organism's genetic material?

genetic engineering

14. Since 2019, the current forecast post-COVID-19 of the proportion of people living below the international poverty line ($1.90/day) is projected to __________________?

increase

The Supreme Court recently released a ruling on the FL v. GA Water War. The case involved a dispute between Florida and Georgia concerning the proper apportionment of interstate waters. Florida brought an original action against Georgia alleging that its upstream neighbor consumes more than its fair share of water from interstate rivers in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin. Florida claims that Georgia's overconsumption of Basin waters caused low flows in the Apalachicola River which seriously harmed Florida's oyster fisheries and river ecosystem. Which factors, according to the ruling, may have adversely contributed to Florida's oyster fisheries and river ecosystem? Select ALL that may apply

increased the Apalachicola Bay's salinity urban sprawl in Atlanta GA unreasonable agricultural water consumption caused reduced river flows intrusion of saltwater oyster predators and disease, actions of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers such as management of the Buford Dam unprecedented levels of oyster harvesting multiyear droughts and changing rainfall patterns.

At what stage of the demographic transition has technology stabilized mortality rates and opportunities in society begin to impact gender equality?

industrial stage

Monoculture farming ________.

is a development of industrial agriculture

Earth's climate ________.

is changing as a result of natural and human processes

The shortage of receiving specific nutrients, vitamins and minerals in one's diet refers to which of the following?

malnutrition

Small island nations such as the Maldives are in the international spotlight because they ________.

may be among the first nations to be completely flooded by rising sea levels

Earth's atmosphere can cause global warming because ________.

molecules in the atmosphere trap heat radiated from Earth's surface

Atmospheric gases that re-warm the lower atmosphere by the emitting infrared energy are greenhouse gases. Which of the following are greenhouse gases? Select all that may apply. water vapor (H2O), , , , , and .​

nitrous oxide (N2O) ozone (O3) carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4) hydrochlorofluoro-carbon (HF-23) water vapor (H2O)

Adding supplemental nitrogen and phosphorus to promote plant growth in agriculture best describes

nutrient fertilization

Hypoxic zones or dead zones, such as those found in the Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, are a consequence of

nutrient pollution

Rising sea levels result in all the following EXCEPT ________.

ocean acidification

Sinkholes can result from ________.

overconsumption of water from aquifers

The country of Belize depends on lobster for a major portion of its income, along with fishing and tourism. Over the past 30 years the average size of an individual lobster has dropped, even as increasing numbers of Belizeans buy boats, build lobster traps, and enter the industry. This is an example of ________.

overharvesting

Nearly all of the oceans' primary productivity occurs in the _____ zone.

photic

Geologic material broken down as the result of freezing and thawing is an example of __________________.

physical weathering

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is an area in the Pacific Ocean with an especially high concentration of _____ pollution.

plastic

Which of the following will lead us toward sustainability?

reducing consumption

The buildup of elevated levels of salts in surface soils in repeatedly-irrigated soils is called

salinization

The polluting of waters from excess amounts of eroded soil due to human activities is best classified as

sediment pollution

Which three factors exert the most influence on the Earth's climate. (Select 3 choices.)

sun oceans atmosphere

Global warming potential, when referring to greenhouse gases, means​

the ability of a molecule to contribute to global ​warming

Thermal pollution most often originates from

thermoelectric power plants

Ecological footprint is defined as the cumulative amount of Earth's surface area required to provide raw materials a person or population consumes and to dispose of or recycle the waste produced

true

Marshes and swamps are both forms of wetlands composed of freshwater, saltwater, or brackish water. The main difference is that marsh has herbaceous plants are the dominant vegetation while swamps are dominated by trees and other woody plants.

true

Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff causes algeal blooms and creates oxygen-depleted dead zones in waters is called eutrophication.

true

There is a consensus among scientists that today's global warming is a result of the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in our atmosphere primarily due to the combustion of fossil fuels for energy as well as deforestation and other changes in land use which result in loss of carbon-absorbing vegetation.

true

When groundwater is over-extracted from in coastal areas, saltwater from the ocean can intrude into inland aquifers

true

Freshwater input from Greenland's melting ice sheets may disrupt thermohaline circulation, the system which moves warm, tropical water north, where the heat is released near Western Europe

trye

Most of Earth's liquid fresh water is found ________.

underground

The boundary between the zones of aeration and saturation is called the

water table

When plant roots suffocate in soils due to excessive irrigation of farmland, this is called

waterlogging

Water in the surface zone of the ocean is, for the most part, ________.

well mixed

The areas underground where the spaces between soil/rock particles are partially filled with water best defines

zone of aeration