LS 29

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approximately how long ago did green algae and the land plants share a common ancesor?

1 billion years ago

a major adaptation to a terrestrial lifestyle in land plants is

a cuticle on exposed surfaces

in mosses and ferns, the haploid (gametophytes) generation occupies

a larger portion of the life cycle than it does in seed plants

in mosses, male gametangia are called *blank*, while female gametangia are called *blank*

antheridia; archegonia

the closest living descendants of the first land plants are the

bryophytes

the closest living descendants of the first land plants are the nontracheophytes, called the *blank*

bryophytes

hornwort gametophytes are typically provided with nitrogen by their symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing *blank*

cyanobacteria

select all true statements about lycophytes

despite resembling true mosses, lycophytes have vascular tissues; in lycophytes, the sporophyte generation is dominant

compared to a haploid genome, a major advantage of a diploid genome is that

each genome is backed up by a second copy

select all types of leaves found in vascular plants

euphylls; lycophylls

a common feature of whisk ferns and horsetails is that they both have sperm with *blank*; for that reason, those plants require free water for *blank*

flagella; fertilization

the leaves of ferns are called

fronds

in plants, the gametophyte produces *blank* and the sporophyte produces *blank*

gametes; spores

in this fern life cycle, the circle is enclosing the

gametophyte

in plants, the haploid generation is called the *blank* and the diploid generation is the *blank*

gametophyte; sporophyte

approximately 1 billion years ago, land plants shared a common ancestor with

green algae

a typical land plant has a(n) *blank* life cycle, which includes multicellular haploid and diploid stages

haplodiplontic

choose all features that confined the green algal ancestors of plants to water.

higher levels of UV light on land; less water availability in a terrestrial environment

the *blank* are seedless vascular plants with hollow jointed stems

horsetails

evidence suggests that leaves evolved more than once; *blank* are small leaves found in the lycophytes and *blank* are the true leaves of ferns and seed plants

lycophylls; euphylls

in the circled region of this moss life cycle, the sporangium is undergoing *blank* to produce spores

meiosis

select all ways in which moss leaflike structures differ from true leaves

most of their surfaces is one cell layer thick; they lack stomata; they lack veins

which of the following are characteristics of all (with a few exceptions, such as parasitic plants) land plants?

multicellular haploid and diploid generations; the ability to photosynthesize; diploid embryos

organisms that exhibit a haplodiplontic life cycle have

multicellular haploid and diploid stages

which of the following distinguish land plants from the clade of green algae known as the charophytes?

multicellular sporophyte; multicellular gametophytes; diploid embryos

select all features of fern sporophytes

multicellular; vascular; photosynthetic

choose the two types of vascular tissue

phloem; xylem

in mosses and ferns, the gametophyte generation is

photosynthetic and free-living

select all functions of roots

plant support; transport of water

unlike bryophytes, lycophytes

produce vascular tissue

in this fern life cycle, the circle is enclosing

production of spores by meiosis

seeds are very resistant structures, that can *blank* and nourish the young *blank*

protect; plants

select all features of mosses

rhizoids don't absorb as well as a vascular plant root; they use rhizoids to anchor to themselves

what structure functions both in support of the plant and transport of water and nutrients in trachephytes?

roots

liverworts reproduce through

sexual and asexual means

clusters of sporangia on ferns are called

sori

antheridia and archegonia produce which of the following, respectively?

sperm and eggs

sori are clusters of

sporangia in ferns

select all structures produced by mosses

sporangia; rhizoids

during the evolution of plant vascular tissues, which developed first?

stems

the earliest vascular plants contained

stems but not roots

select the main evolutionary innovation that helped the tracheophytes to become dominant in many terrestrial ecosystems

the development of vascular tissue

select all true statements about bryophytes

the gametophyte generation is more conspicuous than the sporophyte; they undergo meiosis to produce spores

select all features common to bryophytes

the gametophyte is photosynthetic; the gametophyte is more conspicuous than the sporophyte

an important difference that distinguished the leaflike structures of moss gametophytes from true leaves is

the lack of vascular tissue

select all adaptations of land plants that distinguish them from their algal relatives

the presence of a waxy cuticle on air-exposed surfaces; the presence of specialized water transporting tissues; the presence of stomata for gas exchange

select all true statements about hornworts

their gametophytes are photosynthetic; of all bryophytes, their sporophytes are most similar to those of vascular plants; their sporophytes have stomata

select all features of horsetails

they are homosporous; their stems are hollow; they have jointed stems

select all true statements about whisk fern sporophytes

they are photosynthetic (green); they lack true leaves

select all features of liverworts

they may be leafy or lobed; gametophytes have rhizoids

select all adaptive features of seeds

they nourish the embryo; they protect the embryo

select all features common to whisk ferns, horsetails, and ferns

they require free water to fertilization; they form antheridia and archegonia

tracheophytes are dominant in many terrestrial ecosystems because of their ability to produce

vascular tissue

the adaptation of plants to a terrestrial environment required more

water loss management

choose all that are carried in vascular tissue

water; hormones; minerals; sucrose

the sporophyte of what plant group consists of evenly forking photosynthetic stems that lack roots and leaves?

whisk ferns


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