LS 29
approximately how long ago did green algae and the land plants share a common ancesor?
1 billion years ago
a major adaptation to a terrestrial lifestyle in land plants is
a cuticle on exposed surfaces
in mosses and ferns, the haploid (gametophytes) generation occupies
a larger portion of the life cycle than it does in seed plants
in mosses, male gametangia are called *blank*, while female gametangia are called *blank*
antheridia; archegonia
the closest living descendants of the first land plants are the
bryophytes
the closest living descendants of the first land plants are the nontracheophytes, called the *blank*
bryophytes
hornwort gametophytes are typically provided with nitrogen by their symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing *blank*
cyanobacteria
select all true statements about lycophytes
despite resembling true mosses, lycophytes have vascular tissues; in lycophytes, the sporophyte generation is dominant
compared to a haploid genome, a major advantage of a diploid genome is that
each genome is backed up by a second copy
select all types of leaves found in vascular plants
euphylls; lycophylls
a common feature of whisk ferns and horsetails is that they both have sperm with *blank*; for that reason, those plants require free water for *blank*
flagella; fertilization
the leaves of ferns are called
fronds
in plants, the gametophyte produces *blank* and the sporophyte produces *blank*
gametes; spores
in this fern life cycle, the circle is enclosing the
gametophyte
in plants, the haploid generation is called the *blank* and the diploid generation is the *blank*
gametophyte; sporophyte
approximately 1 billion years ago, land plants shared a common ancestor with
green algae
a typical land plant has a(n) *blank* life cycle, which includes multicellular haploid and diploid stages
haplodiplontic
choose all features that confined the green algal ancestors of plants to water.
higher levels of UV light on land; less water availability in a terrestrial environment
the *blank* are seedless vascular plants with hollow jointed stems
horsetails
evidence suggests that leaves evolved more than once; *blank* are small leaves found in the lycophytes and *blank* are the true leaves of ferns and seed plants
lycophylls; euphylls
in the circled region of this moss life cycle, the sporangium is undergoing *blank* to produce spores
meiosis
select all ways in which moss leaflike structures differ from true leaves
most of their surfaces is one cell layer thick; they lack stomata; they lack veins
which of the following are characteristics of all (with a few exceptions, such as parasitic plants) land plants?
multicellular haploid and diploid generations; the ability to photosynthesize; diploid embryos
organisms that exhibit a haplodiplontic life cycle have
multicellular haploid and diploid stages
which of the following distinguish land plants from the clade of green algae known as the charophytes?
multicellular sporophyte; multicellular gametophytes; diploid embryos
select all features of fern sporophytes
multicellular; vascular; photosynthetic
choose the two types of vascular tissue
phloem; xylem
in mosses and ferns, the gametophyte generation is
photosynthetic and free-living
select all functions of roots
plant support; transport of water
unlike bryophytes, lycophytes
produce vascular tissue
in this fern life cycle, the circle is enclosing
production of spores by meiosis
seeds are very resistant structures, that can *blank* and nourish the young *blank*
protect; plants
select all features of mosses
rhizoids don't absorb as well as a vascular plant root; they use rhizoids to anchor to themselves
what structure functions both in support of the plant and transport of water and nutrients in trachephytes?
roots
liverworts reproduce through
sexual and asexual means
clusters of sporangia on ferns are called
sori
antheridia and archegonia produce which of the following, respectively?
sperm and eggs
sori are clusters of
sporangia in ferns
select all structures produced by mosses
sporangia; rhizoids
during the evolution of plant vascular tissues, which developed first?
stems
the earliest vascular plants contained
stems but not roots
select the main evolutionary innovation that helped the tracheophytes to become dominant in many terrestrial ecosystems
the development of vascular tissue
select all true statements about bryophytes
the gametophyte generation is more conspicuous than the sporophyte; they undergo meiosis to produce spores
select all features common to bryophytes
the gametophyte is photosynthetic; the gametophyte is more conspicuous than the sporophyte
an important difference that distinguished the leaflike structures of moss gametophytes from true leaves is
the lack of vascular tissue
select all adaptations of land plants that distinguish them from their algal relatives
the presence of a waxy cuticle on air-exposed surfaces; the presence of specialized water transporting tissues; the presence of stomata for gas exchange
select all true statements about hornworts
their gametophytes are photosynthetic; of all bryophytes, their sporophytes are most similar to those of vascular plants; their sporophytes have stomata
select all features of horsetails
they are homosporous; their stems are hollow; they have jointed stems
select all true statements about whisk fern sporophytes
they are photosynthetic (green); they lack true leaves
select all features of liverworts
they may be leafy or lobed; gametophytes have rhizoids
select all adaptive features of seeds
they nourish the embryo; they protect the embryo
select all features common to whisk ferns, horsetails, and ferns
they require free water to fertilization; they form antheridia and archegonia
tracheophytes are dominant in many terrestrial ecosystems because of their ability to produce
vascular tissue
the adaptation of plants to a terrestrial environment required more
water loss management
choose all that are carried in vascular tissue
water; hormones; minerals; sucrose
the sporophyte of what plant group consists of evenly forking photosynthetic stems that lack roots and leaves?
whisk ferns