FINAL
Carnaval
Carnivals in Brazil date back to the early 18th century Gay men and lesbians were allowed to express themselves freely over a few days, drag balls and cross dressing
Christopher Street Liberation Day
Held exactly a year from the start of the stonewall riots (June 28 1970) to commemorate stonewall uprising and the first gay pride parade in US History
White Night Riots
Rioting that occurred after Dan White's sentencing of the lowest level conviction for voluntary manslaughter of Harvey Milk. Took place the night of May 21, 1979, the day before Milks 49th birthday. The events caused thousands of dollars worth of damage to City hall as well as injuries to officers and rioters.
GRID
"Gay Related Immune Deficiency", 1981 began to develop and was thought be be linked with various forms of cancer, believe it was a disease of homosexual men, doctors called the disease an "immunological time bomb", Ryan White was the first kid (middle schooler) diagnosed with AIDS- Ryan White Foundation), the name GRID only lasted 2 years and then it was termed AIDS, AIDS education and Safe Sex Education became important topics after learning more of how AIDS is transmitted (bodily fluids) and about other sexually transmitted diseases
Separatism
"Radical lesbians" supported this Understanding that sexism is as significant to homosexuals as homophobia is. A branch of the Women's movement. Focus on more equality for Lesbians, want to build own sense of identity and individuality, build their own sense of community, and be a member of the community as equals (just as everyone else)
Eugen Sandow
"father of modern bodybuilding" Sandow also had a close relationship to a male musician and composer he hired to accompany him during his shows. The degree of their relationship has never been determined, but they lived together in New York for a time. 1860s-1925
Brandon Teena
(December 12, 1972 - December 31, 1993) was an American trans man who was raped and murdered in Humboldt, Nebraska. His life and death were the subject of the Academy Award-winning 1999 film Boys Don't Cry, which was partially based on the documentary film The Brandon Teena Story. Both of these films also showed the extent to which Teena's murder was an outcome of more systematic discrimination by the legal and hospital authorities who he encountered prior to his death Teena's violent death, along with the murder of Matthew Shepard, led to increased lobbying for hate crime laws in the United States
Women's Barracks
1950s- women's pulp novel In response to repressive culture during the 1950s "counter cultural response" Based on life of author Tereska Torres life serving in the army during WW2, revealed underside where non-traditional women lived together in homosocial spaces as sexual companions Although very popular and sold many copies, was controversial--viewed as obscene Govt crackdown on lesbian activity in novels but not in novels including hetero sex
Birth Control Pill
1957 FDA approves the pill but for severe menstrual disorders NOT contraception, 1960 approved for contraception. In the 1970s, sales drop because of reported dangers such as blood clots and heart attacks. Became more popular in the 80's and 90's. Helped try to change attitudes about non procreative sex Separated reproduction from sexuality
Gay Liberation Front
1970s, Formed after the Mattachine Society, took name from Women's Lib. Org. Rejected societal and gender structures in society
Zaps
A form of political direct action that came into use in the 1970s in the United States. Popularized by the early gay liberation group Gay Activists alliance, a zap was a raucous public demonstration designed to embarrass a public figure or celebrity while calling the attention of both gays and straights to issues of LGBT rights. Zaps targeted politicians and other public figures and many addressed the portrayal of gay people in the popular media. Generally peaceful picket lining Came into popularity during the 1970s and continues to this day
Judy Garland
Actress who played Dorothy in the Wizard of Oz. Symbolized as a gay icon for the way her struggles mirrored those of gay men in America at the height of her fame. Her death had occurred in 1969 before the Stonewall riots. Her song "somewhere over the rainbow" was used during pride parades and helped inspire the riots.
morality squads
Also called "vice squad" or "vice unit", a police division whose focus is to restrain or suppress moral crimes.They often combat activities such as gambling, narcotics, pornography, and illegal sales of alcoholic beverages. Have also combated homosexual behavior.
Edith Eyde
Also known by her pen name LISA BEN. Created first known lesbian publication-VICE VERSA. She was noted as a pioneer in the LGBT movement
Compton's Cafeteria Riot
August 1966 customers at Gene's Compton cafe in San Francisco started acting unruly and workers called the police. Cops came and a trans woman threw coffee at him and riots began. People picketed the cafe. San Francisco created mental health services specific to trans people and in 1968 created the National Transsexual Counseling Unit because of this
Dan White
Born September 2nd 1946 in Long Beach, California Before being elected to the board of supervisors, he was a policeman and firefighter November 27th, 1978 assassinated Harvey Milk and San Francisco Mayor George Moscone Milk was not assassinated because he was gay. The assassinations were revenge because Milk adivsed the Mayor not to hire back White. The two had a friendly relationship at first, but that had changed when Milk opposed a zoning bill pushed by White and White became the only supervisor to vote against Milk's gay-rights ordinance. Which outlawed discrimination based on sexual orientation. His trial was a called the "Twinkie Defense", was imprisoned for 5 years and 1 month and 5 years after finishing his parole and returning to San Francisco he committed suicide by asphyxiation in the garage of his wife's home on October 21, 1985
Harvey Milk
Born in Woodmere, NY on May 22nd, 1930 He was an activist for the LGBT community in california and pushed for the legislation of LGBT rights. 1977- finally elected to a seat on the San Francisco Board of City Supervisors Assassinated by Dan White on November 27th, 1978
John Briggs
Cali politician who attempted to remove LGBT community from schools (even people who supported gays could be fired) via the Briggs Initiative (which was also called Proposition 6) See in relation to Anita Bryant and Harvey Milk, the proponent and opponent, respectively
Daughters of Bilitis
Could be seen as the sister org to the Mattachine Society founded in 1955- First lesbian civil and political rights organization in the US Founded by Del Martin and Phyllis Lyn who were a lesbian couple who wanted to meet other lesbian couples Created a safe place for lesbians to network and educate The name is derived from a French poem about women from the island of Lesbo Pushed members to appear normal/feminine- blend into society Published "The Ladder" Educate about gay rights In the 1960s the younger generation was more radical and wanted to be more public
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Created by the UN, not enforceable by law Basic Human Rights: Inalienable, Indivisible, Independent Eleanor Roosevelt was the only woman to serve. Eleanor R. and the UDHR inspired Nelson Mandela to create the first international proclamation of human rights.
Twinkie Defense
Defense Attorney Schmidt presents a defense case stating that Dan White was mentally unstable, and had been suffering from depression for a long time. Schmidt tells the jurors that when White was feeling down and depressed he would binge out on junk food like candy, Ho-Ho's, Twinkies and Coca Cola. All of the junk food had an affect on his mental state
Betty Friedan
First president of NOW in 1966, strongly supported the equal rights amendment to the United States constitution. Wrote the Feminine Mystique in 1963 which is credited for starting the second-wave feminism movement in the United States
GLAAD
Formed in New York City in 1985 to protest against what it saw as the New York Post's defamatory and sensationalized AIDS coverage, GLAAD put pressure on media organizations to end what it saw as homophobic reporting. is a U.S. non-governmental media monitoring organization founded by LGBT people in the media. the name "GLAAD" had been an acronym for "Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation," Its stated mission, in part, is to "[amplify] the voice of the LGBT community by empowering real people to share their stories, holding the media accountable for the words and images they present, and helping grassroots organizations communicate effectively.
ACT UP
Formed in New york, in 1987 attempt to fight against the AIDS crisis Stands for "AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power" is an international direct action advocacy group working to impact the lives of people with AIDS and the AIDS pandemic to bring about legislation, medical research and treatment and policies to ultimately bring an end to the disease by mitigating loss of health and lives
National Organization of Women
Founded in 60s Helped white middle class women fight for economic and social rights Tried to get govt to enforce title VII so women can't be distinguished against in the workplace First president was Betty Friedan
Mattachine Society
Harry Hay created in 1950 as a response to police brutality to protect gay men from government persecution and to encourage/fight for gay rights. It was named the "Mattachine Society" because during medieval France (Europe) people wore masks and performed rituals/celebrations--felt could be more open and free with their expressions while wearing masks. They wanted to use the "gay mask" as help to have a place to protect themselves but also be themselves. Operated according to the cell structure (small branches of the group in different pods/cells and only knew who was involved in their own group). This helped hide the identity of their own leaders as a safeground during the time period of great surveillance (during the Lavender Scare). They had trouble with cohesion because of the structure and collapsed in the 60s. Spurred the creation of many other subsequent organizations
Hooking up
Having intimate relationships with no strings attached Became more popular than regular dating in the 1970s (because of the rise of young adults in college
Lavender Menace
Informal group of radical lesbian feminists that formed to protest the exclusion of lesbians and lesbian issues from the feminist movement May 1, 1970. Members included many from the Gay Liberation Front. Term coined by Betty Friedan president of NOW because she feared associations to lesbiansim posed a threat to the movement.
Intersex Society of North America
Intersexuals are individuals who are typically born with both male and female genitalia or sex organs or with indeterminate genitalia- that is, genitals that are not clearly male or female sex organs, such as large clitorises that resemble small penises. Man intersexuals in the west are subject to surgery as infants to "correct" their gender indeterminacy and to "fix" them as either clearly male or clearly female. The Intersex society of North America (ISNA) advocates for an end to these surgeries and, in their words, "is devoted to the systemic change to end shame, secrecy, and unwanted genital surgeries for people born with an anatomy that someone decided is not standard for male or female. ISNA believes firmly that intersexuality is a primarily a problem of stigma and trauma, not gender, and that parents distress must not be treated by surgery on the child. Many intersexed activists argue that their fight is comparable to that of queers who advocate for individual self-determination and freedom from normative gender constructions
Loco Parentis
Latin word meaning "in place of parents" Universities were to act in place of parents and protect kids from subversive influences. So universities set up parental rules. Mostly aimed to protect female students. Included curfews in dorms, visitations monitored,date rooms. 1971 26th Amendment is passed, voting age is now 18. You see a push back against these rules. Students say at 18 we can vote as adults so treat us like adults.
Lambda
Leading legal gay right's organization in 1970s. Provided council, lawyers, legal services to LGBT people and gay rights cases Initially applied for cout status but was rejected in 1972 but was denied Eventually that changed and then it became an official org. that supported LGBT people and discrimination
Constitution of the Republic of South Africa
May 8th, 1996, South Africa became the first country in the world to include in its constitution a reference to "sexual orientation" as one of the basic human rights to be protected against discrimination. (GGLP, pg. 272)
Take Back the Night
Originated in San Francisco in the 1970's is an international event and non-profit organization with the mission of ending sexual, relationship, and domestic violence in all forms
PFLAG
Parents Friends of Lesbians and Gays. Group for parents that have children in LGBT community helped to facilitate their understanding and raise their awareness of issues in LGBT. Founded in the Seventies.
The Trucks
Prior to Stonewall many homosexuals would go and have sex in trailers of trucks. Gay bars being raided by police so trucks offered a safe place to have sexual encounters. (From documentary we watched on Stonewall in class)
Stonewall Riots
Series of violent demonstrations by members of the LGBT community against police brutality. Occurred at the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, NYC starting June 28th, 1969 Significant bc it spurred other riots both nationally and internationally, and spurred LGBT asvitism
Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)
Signed by Bill Clinton in September of 1996 is a United States federal law that defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman, and allowed states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages granted under the laws of other states. DOMA, in conjunction with other statutes, had barred same-sex married couples from being recognized as "spouses" for purposes of federal laws, effectively barring them from receiving federal marriage benefits. overturned by Obama in 2013, the law was deemed unconstitutional
Anita Bryant
Singer, actress, celebrity who actively fought for and supported the Briggs initiative Believes gay people were recruiting young children to join the LGBT community, because many gay individuals were teachers Promoted the "save our children" campaign Fun fact! Whoo: She got pie-ed in the face on national television
Swedish Sin
Slang for nudity in film Playboy became popular in the 60s and 70s, it was read by ¼ college students and over 70% of the readers were college educated.
Virginity Pledges
Started in the mid-1990s, (sometimes called abstinence pledges) are commitments made by teenagers and young adults to refrain from sexual intercourse until marriage. They are most common in the United States, especially among Evangelical Christian denominations
Hillary Clinton's International Human Rights Day Speech
The first issue goes to the heart of the matter. Some have suggested that gay rights and human rights are separate and distinct; but, in fact, they are one and the same. The second issue is a question of whether homosexuality arises from a particular part of the world. Some seem to believe it is a Western phenomenon, and therefore people outside the West have grounds to reject it. Well, in reality, gay people are born into and belong to every society in the world. The third, and perhaps most challenging, issue arises when people cite religious or cultural values as a reason to violate or not to protect the human rights of LGBT citizens. This is not unlike the justification offered for violent practices towards women like honor killings, widow burning, or female genital mutilation. Some people still defend those practices as part of a cultural tradition. But violence toward women isn't cultural; it's criminal. Likewise with slavery, what was once justified as sanctioned by God is now properly reviled as an unconscionable violation of human rights. The fourth issue is what history teaches us about how we make progress towards rights for all. Progress starts with honest discussion. A fifth and final question is how we do our part to bring the world to embrace human rights for all people including LGBT people. Yes, LGBT people must help lead this effort, as so many of you are. Their knowledge and experiences are invaluable and their courage inspirational.
A Gay Manifesto
Written in 1969 by Carl Whitman. Manifesto called for gays to come out of closet and openly state their sexuality. Argues gays and lesbians need to come out and promote change by putting on a show. NOT to fit in like the homophile movement. Previous to this coming out meant coming out only in the homosexual world. Gay manifesto called you to come out to everyone
Matthew Shepard
Young college student who was murdered in 1998 in Laramie, Wyoming for being gay → beaten, tied up to a post Family started to become activists
Don't Ask, Don't Tell (DADT)
created and signed by Bill Clinton in 1994, prohibited military personnel from discriminating against or harassing closeted homosexual or bisexual service members or applicants, while barring openly gay, lesbian, or bisexual persons from military service. The act prohibited any homosexual or bisexual person from disclosing his or her sexual orientation or from speaking about any homosexual relationships, including marriages or other familial attributes, while serving in the United States armed forces. The act specified that service members who disclose that they are homosexual or engage in homosexual conduct should be separated (discharged) except when a service member's conduct was "for the purpose of avoiding or terminating military service" or when it "would not be in the best interest of the armed forces". The act was finally overturned in 2011.
Second Sexual Revolution
eriod of time between 1960 and 1980. Did not just happen in the United states but worldwide A few things became popular during second sexual revolution. A.)Promotion of sex outside of hetro-sexual marriage. (helped normalize experimentation) B.) Birth Control (sex separate from reproduction) C.) More acceptance of nudity. (porn took off during this time) D.) Sex for pleasure and not just for procreation. College campus became major sites for second sexual revolution.
Gay is Good
offshoot and inspired by the "Black is Beautiful" movement Slogan by Frank Kameny, co-founder of Mattachine Society Bigger Picture: how do other movements influence the LGBT movement
Sylvia Rivera
one of the leaders of the Stonewall Riots trans woman of color and trans rights activist; one of the first to take action on the night of the Stonewall Riots-threw the first bottle
Eleanor Roosevelt
oversaw the creation of UDHR. Possible lesbian relationship between her and Elana Hickock, discovered by letters found between them in 1978. President Harry Truman appointed her to the UDHR. She was the only women to serve. She kept all the delegates on task and worked on their level. Kelly pointed out in lecture use UDHR if question of war comes up on exam
Physique Pictorial
the first all-nude and all-male magazine Because of the conservative and homophobic social culture of the era, and because of censorship laws, gay pornography could not be sold openly. 1930s-1960s ?
