First Aid and CPR final

When performing adult CPR, how many compressions should be given?

30

What is the time length at which brain damage is likely to begin to occur?

4-6 minutes

How many back blows does one give to an choking infant?

5

About how many cycles of CPR should you perform in 2 minutes?

5 sets

When should you seek medical care for a tetanus shot?

5 years after your last shot

The steps to follow in an emergency are:

Check, Call, Care

When you encounter someone who is a diabetic and they inform you that they need to eat something what is the best thing to give them?

any type of sugar

What does AED stand for?

automatic external defibrillator

Which wound results in significant bleeding?

avulsion

Which is NOT a cause of respiratory distress

broken finger

An anatomic splint is one used around the abdomen.

false

Asthma is caused by the same "triggers" in everyone

false

Children up to 4 years old are considered to be infants.

false

If you see a person drowning you should always jump in the water to save them.

false

Internal bleeding is usually a consequence of a minor injury and is not life threatening.

false

Men and women have the same signs and symptoms for heart attacks.

false

One should NOT use an AED on a person with a pacemaker.

false

One should use a tourniquet when the the individual is bleeding and a bone is sticking out of the limb.

false

The effects of a concussion normally show up within an hour of the injury.

false

The most common way to take long-term control and quick-relief asthma medications is by injecting them.

false

The three types of soft tissue injuries are open wounds, closed wounds, and avulsions.

false

To clean a person's chest before using the AED pads, you should clean the chest with water or alcohol.

false

To clean up a blood spill, one can use a gallon of a mixture that is 1 part peroxide to 9 parts water.

false

West Nile Virus is caused by a tick bite.

false

When an individual has a seizure it is best to put something in their mouth to help him/her avoid swallow their tongue.

false

When dealing with an asthma attack, you should call 911 if a the person's breathing does not improve within a few minutes and the inhaler does not seem to improve the breathing.

false

When one feels like they are experiencing a heart attack, they should take ibuprofen.

false

You should remove any metal jewelry when using an AED device.

false

Once you have turned on the AED, you should:

follow all the instructions that the AED gives

When giving rescue breaths to an infant, you should:

form an airtight seal around the infant's mouth and nose

Care for a person who is unconscious and has a blocked airway includes

give chest compressions and look for an object between compressions and breaths

Which is NOT a characteristic of a Superficial Burn?

has blisters

Which method should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive victim?

head-tilt/chin-lift

Which is NOT a type of burn?

hemostatic

During ventricular fibrillation, the heart:

quivers and cannot pump blood

Which splint should be used to splint wrist?

rigid splint

If the mask is one size fits all for adults then for children the mask can be...

rotated so that the narrow end fits over the child's chin

What is the result of abnormal electrical activity in the brain that can be caused by disease, fever, infection, or injury?

seizure

A ________ results in tearing of ligaments at a joint.

sprain

A ________ results in stretching of a tendon at a bone.

strain

The following are signs that a bandage is to tight, except:

the victim can easy move their extremity

Use pediatric AED pads for children up to 8 years of age (including infants) or weighing less than 55 pounds, if available.

true

When a cardiac arrest occurs and an AED becomes available, it should be used as soon as possible.

true

When entering water you should enter feet first, due to unknown dangers that are in the water.

true

When one feels like they are experiencing a heart attack, they should take aspirin.

true

When providing care to a child, it is essential that you use appropriately sized equipment?

true

Signals that indicate that an infant is choking include:

unable to cough, cry, or breathe

A febrile seizure is most likely to occur in people who are _________.

under 5 years old

Place the AED pads:

upper right & lower left side

Which is the most common abnormal heart rhythm in cases of sudden cardiac arrest in adults?

ventricular defibrillation

If contact has been made with a poisonous plant, the victim should immediately:

wash with a degreasing soap and water

An AED gives the victim a shock only when:

when the shock button is pushed

f you see a child go unresponsive, the rescuer should:

Call 911, then provide assistance

The most appropriate bandage for sprains would be

an elastic roller bandage

What should you do to keep swelling out of a sprained joint?

an ice/cold pack

When drowning is the suspected cause of cardiac arrest, the responder should deliver how many initial breaths before starting CPR?

2

Tourniquets are not recommended for a child under the age of:

2

What is the size of a wound that would require stitches?

1/2 inch

To prevent burns from tab water your water heater should be set at what temperature?

120 or less

If a person is suffering from pain or discomfort in the chest which lasts more than 3-5 minutes or that goes away and comes back, this person is most likely having:

A heart attack

Which of the following statements is true about an automated external defibrillation?

A persons chances of survival is increased by using a AED machine.

When giving CPR to an infant, about how deep should you compress the chest:

About 1/2 inch

If an open wound continues to bleed after applying direct pressure:

Add additional dressing and continue to apply direct pressure. Ensure the 9-1-1 or the local emergency number has been called. Do not remove the original blood-soaked dressings.

When providing care to an adolescent follow which technique?

Adult techniques

What is a good location for an AED?

Airports and airplanes Golf courses Stadiums

What are some common things that people are allergic to? Do you know any one with this allergy?

Allergens are very common, but different in every person. What people are allergic to can vary. Some of the most common allergens include peanuts, tree and grass pollen, milk and eggs, animal fur, insect stings, and medications. I know a few people who are allergic to cats, but I haven't met anyone with another one of these allergens. Luckily my sister and I are both not allergic to anything.

Effective chest compressions:

Allow the chest to return to its normal position, Are delivered fast, about 100 compressions per minute, Are smooth, regular and given straight up and down

After calling 9-1-1, what is the next step in caring for a wound with significant bleeding?

Apply direct pressure with a sterile or clean dressing.

What should you do when checking a conscious person?

Ask questions Get consent to give care Do not touch or move painful/injured areas on the body

What is an important first step you can take to prepare for an emergency?

Be prepared for accidents, so you can give care as soon as possible

What do you NOT do when performing CPR?

Bend your elbows to perform CPR

If a person is unresponsive and showing signs of an opioid overdose and you have already called 9-1-1 what is the next step in first aid care

CPR

How do you care for a person with a possible head, neck, or spinal injury?

Call 9-1-1 and have person remain in the position found.

If you see a child go unresponsive, the rescuer should:

Call 911, then provide assistance

You see a woman collapse in front of you while entering the lobby of your office building. You check the scene and then check the person for consciousness, but she does not respond. What should you do next?

Call or have someone else call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number

You notice that an individual looks panicked and cannot cough, speak, or breathe. What life-threatening condition could the individual be experiencing?

Choking

What are some choking hazards for children? What are some of the choking hazards for adults?

Choking hazards for children can vary, anything small that they can get their hands on tends to be a choking hazard. Some examples include foods, coins, buttons, marbles, game pieces, and candy. Choking hazards for adults include less of objects and more food items. Some examples include, talking with food in your mouth, laughing with food in your mouth, and eating too fast.

Prescription opioids include:

Codeine Oxymorphone (Opana) Fentanyl Hydrocodone (Vicodin) Morphine

What is compression-only CPR and what would be some reasons why a person would chose to use this method?

Compression-only CPR is a technique where one does not use mouth to mouth contact when performing continuous chest compressions. This is most commonly used on teens or adults who suddenly collapse. A reason this may be used is because many are uncomfortable with mouth to mouth breathing and hands only CPR still allows them to save a persons life

What should you do if the person does not give you consent?

Do not give care, instead call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number

What should you do before the AED analyzes the heart rhythm?

Ensure that no one, including you, is touching the person

What does each of the letters in FAST stand for?

Face, Arm, Speech, Time

Dressings and bandages serve the same purposes.

False

Most cases of cardiac arrest in children are caused by ventricular fibrillation.

False

One should remove an embedded piece of glass from a limb if it is necessary to bandage the wound.

False

What are the 2 cold related emergencies? How would you treat each of them?

Frostbite is one cold related emergency. You can treat frostbite by putting the affected body part in warm water. Also you can cuddle the affected part with your hands to help warm the injury. Hypothermia is another cold related illness. Get the person out of the cold and into a warm environment. Next, remove wet clothing and get some dry clothing for the victim. Next, wrap the person in towels or blankets to help warm the victim. If you have a plastic sheet, wrap him with that as well.

When giving rescue breaths to a child, how should you give breaths?

Give a breath lasting about 1 second

What care should you give to a conscious adult or child who is choking and is unable to cough, speak or breathe?

Give back blows and abdominal thrusts

What should you do for a conscious infant who is chocking and cannot cough, cry or breath?

Give back blows and chest thrusts to clear the airway

Which of the following should one NOT do if you suspect an individual is having a heart attack?

Give the individual a candy bar.

What would you do for a severed hand (from the wrist down)?

If I was dealing with a severed hand I would first call 911. I would then try to stop the bleeding by using dressings such as hemostatic dressings. I would then try to use a tourniquet to control the bleeding from the severed limb. I would continue to do this until help arrived. It is also important to locate the limb in case it is able to be reattached during surgery.

If a person faints the best position for them to be placed is in:

If a person faints the best position for them to be placed is in:

List the signs and symptoms of an opioid overdose in short answer.

If a person is experiencing an opioid overdose there are several signs to look for. You may notice their face being extremely pale, their body going limp, lips look blue, vomiting or gurgling, inability to speak, heart rate slows or stops.

Early CPR is important in the Cardiac Chain of Survival because:

It helps circulate blood to vital organs until an AED is ready to use

It is important to follow the links of the Cardiac Chain of Survival because:

It helps improve the chance of survi

Why is checking the scene so important?

It is important to check the scene before approaching, because you never know what happened. You have to make sure it is safe enough for you to enter, because you could put yourself at risk of getting injured. You must also check to see how many people are involved. This is important because you may need more hands to help you if there are multiple people involved. It is also important to check the scene to see what happened. This way you can determine what tools you may need along with what you are walking into.

When giving care to a child who is conscious and choking, where should you position your fist to give abdominal thrusts?

Just above the navel

One sign of a breathing emergency in an infant is:

Making a wheezing or high-pitched sound

By following standard precautions to protect yourself and the injured or ill person, you will:

Minimize the risk of disease transmission

By using the personal protective equipment you protect yourself and the injured or ill person by:

Minimizing the risk of disease transmission

How long should you check for breathing?

No more than 10 seconds

The cycle of compressions and breaths in CPR for infants is:

None of the above

If the unresponsive victim is breathing and you are staying with the victim to monitor him/her the best position to put them in is:

On their back

Which is NOT a cause of cardiac arrest in children:

Over eating

If the AED pads risk touching each other such as with a small child or infant you should:

Place one pad in the middle of the chest and the other on the back

Which of the following is NOT a link in the Cardiac Chain of Survival?

Proper follow up from the emergency room

What does SAM stand for and why is it important?

S- Signs and Symptoms A- Allergies M- Medications and Medical Conditions This acronym is important because it reminds us what we should ask the person we are caring for. It is important to gather this information so you can have some background information on the person.

Early CPR and early defibrillation can:

Save the lives of more people in cardiac arrest

What are the signs of a concussion and what first aid would you provide to the victim?

Signs of a concussion can include but are not limited to vomiting, loss of consciousness, loss of balance, headache, dizziness, having trouble remembering what happened, and blurry vision. If you think someone has a concussion you should have the person checked out with a medical provider. You should also advise the person to stop the activity they were doing.

A child is choking on a piece of hard candy. She is conscious and coughing forcefully. What should you do?

Stay with her and encourage her to continue to cough

If you suspect an individual is having a heart attack you should:

Talk to the individual to make sure that they are not on medications or have a heart condition. Loosen any tight clothing. Be ready to perform CPR.

Which of the following situations indicates that an infant needs CPR?

The infant is not breathing

For which injury or illness should you call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number?

The person has trouble breathing without coughing

If someone recognizes that an emergency has happened and they fail to act, what would be some of the reasons they chose not to help?

They have a fear of catching a disease They assume others will act They panic

What is the purpose of Good Samaritan Laws?

To help protect those who voluntarily give care without accepting anything in return

How do you prevent tick borne diseases?

To lower the risk for tick-borne illnesses, always check for ticks immediately after outdoor activities. Most experts believe that the longer the tick stays attached to the skin, the greater the chances are of infection, so it is a good practice to check for ticks at least once daily after having been outdoors. Get equipment and promptly remove any ticks that you find before they become swollen with blood.

A roller dressing is a bandage or dressing that closes a wounded area and prevents air from getting to the wound.

True

Colds and other respiratory infections can make an asthma condition worse.

True

If a person is experiencing signs of a heart attack, you may assist with taking aspirin if: person is awake, can follow simple commands, can swallow or chew, and is allowed to have aspirin.

True

If you are dealing with someone who has an allergic reaction you need to treat it as a life threatening condition.

True

It is important to know that back blows, abdominal thrusts, and chest thrusts are all equally effective to clear the airway.

True

Naloxone is a drug that temporarily reverses the effects of opioids and can be given through the nose using nasal atomizer or nasal spray.

True

One can give themselves abdominal thrusts when alone by bending over a chairback.

True

One should call 911 when a person is choking.

True

You should call 911 if the person's breathing does not improve within a few minutes.

True

When preparing an AED for use, what is the first thing you should do?

Turn on the AED

When should an unresponsive victim be placed on the side?

When the victim starts to vomit or when you have to leave the victim alone

How do you get poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac? What is the treatment for effected areas?

You can get poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac by brushing up against or touching poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac plant. It can cause an itchy, irritating rash with red bumps or blisters. The best way to treat these is to prevent them from occurring, but if one does occur, you should apply calamine lotion or hydrocortisone cream to the rash.

Why is it important to stand clear and not touch the person while the AED is analyzing or defibrillating?

You might prevent the AED from analyzing the heart rhythm properly and you or someone else could be injured by the sho

When dealing with injured or ill person that is older, what are some precautions to take when speaking to them?

You should speak clearly and loudly, you shouldn't rush when you are dealing with an older person, because they need time to think. If the person is wearing glasses, make sure they stay on so they can see any signals you may have to give them.

All of the following are signals of trouble breathing, EXCEPT?

a person laughing

When performing child CPR, give chest compressions at the rate of:

about 100 compressions per minute

What type of dressing is used for minor wounds?

adhesive strips

For an adult, which of the following are signals of trouble breathing?

agitation flushed, pale, ashen (gray), or bluish skin color slow or rapid breathing

When giving chest thrusts to an infant, your fingers should be placed:

center of the chest

If the person is too large or pregnant for you to wrap your arms around to give abdominal thrust what is a solution to help this choking victim?

chest thrust

If a person has a burn from hot cooking oil, which of the following should one do?

clean with cool running water

What is the recommended treatment for muscle strains?

cold pack

Where should you place your hands when giving chest compressions during CPR on an infant?

compressions are delivered using the encircling thumbs technique, place thumbs side by side on the center of the chest just below the nipple line.

Causes of cardiac arrest in a child include:

congenital heart disorders trauma shock breathing emergencies

What is another name for a bruise?

contusion

A victim of a seizure may have uncontrollable body movements caused by contraction of the muscles known as:

convulsions

While the AED analyzes the victim's heart rhythm:

do not touch the victim

Which is NOT a bandage?

dressing

Which is the third critical link in the "chain of survival" ?

early defibrillation

How should you position a conscious choking infant to give back blow?

face-down, with the infant's head lower than their body

After obtaining critical information from a victim that has ingested poisoning, the first aider should: (assume that the poisoning is not acid or alkali and the victim is responsive)

immediately call poison control center

Blunt trauma is caused by:

impact with a flat object or surface

If the victim is unresponsive, permission to give first aid is known as:

implied consent

Always stabilize an injured knee in which position

in the position found

When you give care to an adult who is conscious and choking, where should you position your fist to give abdominal thrusts?

just above the navel

Medical identification tags can help the first aid responder identify:

medications allergies medical history

Consent to give first aid must be obtained from every victim who is:

mentally competent an adult responsive

In diabetic emergency give victim ______ until help arrives.

milk candy orange juice

When should one NOT call 911 in a wound situation?

none of the above

If the required depth cannot be achieved with either the encircling thumb technique or the two-finger technique, which technique would then be considered for infant compressions?

one handed technique

Which type of injury involves an open wound in which the bone has torn through the skin?

open fracture

Drugs that are prescribed to reduce pain for serious injuries or cancer or after surgeries are known as:

opioids

What type of trauma is caused when the body is pierced by an object?

penetrating trauma

First aid is intended to:

provide temporary assistance until competent medical care, if needed, is obtained

If a person is unconscious and starts to throw up what should you do?

put them in the recovery position

People can come into contact with the irritating resin from poison ivy, oak, or sumac by:

tools clothing smoke

"Special needs" includes children, older adults, persons with disabilities and persons who speak a different language than your own.

true

Asthma can be a chronic Illness.

true

Brain damage can become irreversible between 8-10 minutes after an individual stops breathing.

true

Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of cardiac arrest in adults.

true

Consent is when a conscious person asking for and accepting help.

true

It is safe to shock a person in cardiac arrest when he or she is lying on a metal surface.

true

One should call 9-1-1 immediately if they see a 12 year old child go unconscious.

true

One should call 911 when an individual is having chest pains

true

Proper wound care helps to lower the risk for infection, but sometimes infections can develop anyway.

true

Properly applied first aid may mean the difference between life and death.

true

Responding to a cardiac arrest for a child or an infant is similar to responding to a cardiac arrest for an adult and uses all the skills you have already learned with a few key differences?

true

The general care for an open wound includes: controlling bleeding, preventing infection, and using dressings/bandages

true

The respiratory disease know as Croup is most common in children younger than 5 years of age.

true