First Aid & CPR Test 2: chapters 5,6,7&8
Ch. 5 Quick Review
* A heart attack occurs when heart muscle tissue dies because the blood supply is severely reduced or stopped. * The five links in the chain of survival are recognition and activation of EMS, CPR, defibrillation, advanced care, and post-arrest care * CPR consists of moving blood to the heart and brain by giving chest compressions and breathing oxygen into a person's lungs * The signs of a severe airway obstruction include difficult breathing, weak and ineffective cough, inability to speak or breathe, and signs of cyanosis
Chapter 6 Quick Review
* A person chances for survival are dramatically improved through early CPR and early defibrillation * Because the heart contracts approximately every second, it needs an abundant supply of oxygen. * CPR is the initial care for cardiac arrest until a defibrillator is available * An AED is an electronic device that analyzes the heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to the heart of a person in cardiac arrest. * There are several special situations to be aware of when using an AED, including water, children, medication patches, and implanted devices. * Periodic inspection of the AED can ensure that the device has the necessary supplies and is in proper working condition
Ch. 8 Quick Review
* Rapid blood loss of 1 quart ( about one liter ) or more can lead to shock and death * External bleeding can be classified into three types according to the type of blood vessel that is damaged, artery, vein, or capillary * Regardless of the type of bleeding or the type of wound, the first aid is the same. First and foremost, you must control of the bleeding
Ch. 7 Quick Review
* Shock is a state of collapse and failure of the cardiovascular system in which the blood circulation decreases and eventually ceases * The damage caused by shock depends on which body part is deprived of oxygen and for how long. * Causes of shock can be both cardiovascular and noncardiovascular. * Anaphylaxis occurs when the immune system reacts violently to a substance to which it has already been sensitized. * Although, shock itself cannot be seen, you can see the progression of its signs and symptoms. * First aid providers should automatically treat people for shock.
* If a bleeding arm wound is not controlled through direct pressure, apply pressure to the brachial artery. (T/F)
False
* Most cases of bleeding require more than direct pressure to stop the bleeding. (T/F)
False
* Remove any blood - soaked dressings before applying additional ones. (T/F)
False
*Internal bleeding is normal. (T/F)
False
A person in shock with breathing difficulty or chest injury should be placed on his or her back. (T/F)
False
A person in shock with possible spinal injuries should be placed in a seated position. (T/F)
False
AED pads can applied over the top of the person's blouse. (T/F)
False
AEDs require the operator to know how to interpret heart rhythms. (T/F)
False
Because all AEDs are different, the basic steps of operation are also different
False
CPR is not needed if you are sure an AED will be available in 3 to 4 minutes. (T/F)
False
Do not start chest compressions until you have checked for a pulse. (T/F)
False
People in shock have hot skin. (T/F)
False
Place all people with severe injuries in the recovery position. (T/F)
False
To give abdominal thrusts to a responsive choking person, place your fist below the person's navel. (T/F)
False
Two electrode pads are placed on the left side of the person's chest. (T/F)
False
You are enjoying a bike ride on a paved trail with your friend. As she rounds the next bend, her bike tires slide on the gravel and she falls to the ground. She gets up but has a large scrape on her knee and part of her lower leg. Blood is oozing from the wound. * This type of bleeding is difficult to control and usually does not clot and stop by itself. (T/F)
False
You are having dinner in a very crowded restaurant with your family on New Years Eve. An older man is pushing a piano into the restaurant as part of the entertainment that evening. As he passes your table, he clutches his chest and falls to the floor. He is not moving. *If the man is choking you should perform abdominal thrusts. (T/F)
False
You are having dinner in a very crowded restaurant with your family on New Years Eve. An older man is pushing a piano into the restaurant as part of the entertainment that evening. As he passes your table, he clutches his chest and falls to the floor. He is not moving. *The man must be choking because he is in a restaurant. (T/F)
False
You are walking up a canyon trail. You hear someone call for help. You find a hiker bent over another person at the base of the cliff. The hiker says the person lying motionless fell about 20 feet while climbing the cliff. No obvious signs of injury. The person appears to be breathing and no serious bleeding is seen. *There is no need to seek medical care for this situation. (T/F)
False
You need to turn the AED on daily as part of a routine inspection. (T/F)True
False
Your workplace has recently implemented an AED program. You and several other employees have been trained to locate and use an AED. While at work, a coworker collapses. She is around 50 years old and you know she has a history of heart conditions. You tell a coworker to call 9-1-1 and bring an AED *You should deliver a shock even if the AED has not alerted you to do so. (T/F)
False
You are walking up a canyon trail. You hear someone call for help. You find a hiker bent over another person at the base of the cliff. The hiker says the person lying motionless fell about 20 feet while climbing the cliff. No obvious signs of injury. The person appears to be breathing and no serious bleeding is seen. *You should offer the person something to eat and drink. (T/F)
False.
What are the two forms of bleeding?
Internal and External.
You are having dinner in a very crowded restaurant with your family on New Year's Eve. An older man is pushing a piano into the restaurant as part of the entertainment that evening. As he passes your table, he clutches his chest and falls to the floor. He Is not moving. If he is not breathing or is breathing abnormally, you should call 9-1-1.(T/F)
True
* Applying a pressure bandage over a wound can allow you to attend to another injury or another injured person. (T/F
True
* Clotting is the body's way of stopping bleeding. (T/F)
True
* Dressings are placed directly on a wound. (T/F)
True
* Dressings should be sterile or as clean as possible. (T/F)
True
* If the person feels sick to the stomach and may vomit, roll him or her onto the left side. (T/F)
True
* When applying a tourniquet to control bleeding, place the tourniquet about 2 to 3 inches above the wound. (T/F)
True
A sign of choking is that the person is unable to speak or cough. (T/F)
True
After you determine that an adult is unresponsive, the next step is for someone to call 9-1-1. (T/F)
True
All people with severe injuries or illnesses should be treated for shock. (T/F)
True
An AED is to be applied only to a person who is unresponsiveness and not breathing. (T/F)
True
An epinephrine auto-injector can be used for people experiencing anaphylaxis. (T/F)
True
Anaphylaxis is a life threatening breathing emergency. (T/F)
True
Anxiety and restlessness are signs of shock. (T/F)
True
Batteries and pads have expiration dates of which you should be aware. (T/F)
True
For all people (adult, Child, infant) needing CPR, give 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths. (T/F)
True
Gasping in an unresponsive person can indicate that the person is not breathing. (T/F)
True
If you determine that a person is not breathing, begin chest compressions. (T/F)
True
Prevent the loss of body heat by putting blankets under and over the person. (T/F)
True
The AED pads (electrodes) need to be attached to a dry chest. (T/F)
True
The earlier defibrillation occurs the better the person's chance of survival. (T/F)
True
Tilting the head back and lifting the chin helps move the tongue and open the airway. (T/F)
True
Treat people with severe injuries for shock even if there are no signs of it. (T/F)
True
Use two fingers when performing CPR on an infant. (T/F)
True
When giving abdominal thrusts to a responsive choking person, repeat the thrusts until the object is removed or the person becomes unresponsive. (T/F)
True
You are enjoying a bike ride on a paved trail with your friend. As she rounds the next bend, her bike tires slide on the gravel and she falls to the ground. She gets up but has a large scrape on her knee and part of her lower leg. Blood is oozing from the wound. * Direct pressure will control this type of bleeding. (T/F)
True
You are enjoying a bike ride on a paved trail with your friend. As she rounds the next bend, her bike tires slide on the gravel and she falls to the ground. She gets up but has a large scrape on her knee and part of her lower leg. Blood is oozing from the wound. * This type of bleeding is the most common type. (T/F)
True
You are enjoying a bike ride on a paved trail with your friend. As she rounds the next bend, her bike tires slide on the gravel and she falls to the ground. She gets up but has a large scrape on her knee and part of her lower leg. Blood is oozing from the wound. * This person is experiencing capillary bleeding. (T/F)
True
You are having dinner in a very crowded restaurant with your family on New Years Eve. An older man is pushing a piano into the restaurant as part of the entertainment that evening. As he passes your table, he clutches his chest and falls to the floor. He is not moving. *Check for breathing before giving any breaths to the person. (T/F)
True
You are having dinner in a very crowded restaurant with your family on New Years Eve. An older man is pushing a piano into the restaurant as part of the entertainment that evening. As he passes your table, he clutches his chest and falls to the floor. He is not moving. *Continue CPR until an AED becomes available or EMS personnel arrive
True
You are having dinner in a very crowded restaurant with your family on New Years Eve. An older man is pushing a piano into the restaurant as part of the entertainment that evening. As he passes your table, he clutches his chest and falls to the floor. He is not moving. *If he is not breathing or is breathing abnormally, you should call 9-1-1. (T/F)
True
You are having dinner in a very crowded restaurant with your family on New Years Eve. An older man is pushing a piano into the restaurant as part of the entertainment that evening. As he passes your table, he clutches his chest and falls to the floor. He is not moving. *If the man is choking you should perform sets of 30 chest compressions and 2 breaths. (T/F)
True
You are walking up a canyon trail. You hear someone call for help. You find a hiker bent over another person at the base of the cliff. The hiker says the person lying motionless fell about 20 feet while climbing the cliff. No obvious signs of injury. The person appears to be breathing and no serious bleeding is seen. *You should keep the person flat if a spinal injury is suspected. (T/F)
True
You are walking up a canyon trail. You hear someone call for help. You find a hiker bent over another person at the base of the cliff. The hiker says the person lying motionless fell about 20 feet while climbing the cliff. No obvious signs of injury. The person appears to be breathing and no serious bleeding is seen. *You should suspect spinal injury. (T/F)
True
You can still use an AED if an implanted pacemaker is present. (T/F)
True
Your workplace has recently implemented an AED program. You and several other employees have been trained to locate and use an AED. While at work, a coworker collapses. She is around 50 years old and you know she has a history of heart conditions. You tell a coworker to call 9-1-1 and bring an AED *The AED will alert you about improper pad placement. (T/F)
True
Your workplace has recently implemented an AED program. You and several other employees have been trained to locate and use an AED. While at work, a coworker collapses. She is around 50 years old and you know she has a history of heart conditions. You tell a coworker to call 9-1-1 and bring an AED *You should begin chest compression s as soon as possible and stop to apply the AED pads to the chest or to give two breaths. (T/F)
True
Your workplace has recently implemented an AED program. You and several other employees have been trained to locate and use an AED. While at work, a coworker collapses. She is around 50 years old and you know she has a history of heart conditions. You tell a coworker to call 9-1-1 and bring an AED. *You should establish unresponsiveness before starting anything else. (T/F)
True
tourniquet
a bleeding control device wrapped tightly around an extremity to stop blood flow from a wound
airway obstruction
a blockage, often the result of a foreign body, in which airflow to the lungs is reduced or completely blocked
cyanosis
a blue-gray skin color that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood
head tilt-chin lift maneuver
a combination of two movements to open the airway by tilting the forehead back and lifting the chin
chain of survival
a concept involving five critical links (recognition and activation of EMS, CPR, defibrillation, advanced care, post arrest care) to help improve survival from cardiac arrest
automated external defibrillator (AED)
a device capable of analyzing the heart rhythm and providing a shock
hemostatic dressing
a gauze-style dressing saturated with an agent that stops bleeding
hemorrhage
a large amount of bleeding in a short time
anaphylaxis
a life-threatening allergic reaction
ventricular tachycardia
a potentially life threatening electrical condition, in which the heart beats too fast to pump blood effectively
ventricular fibrillation
a potentially life threatening electrical condition, in which the heart muscle contracts and relaxes in a disorganized fashion; the lower chambers of the heart quiver and cannot pump blood
psychogenic shock
a sudden nervous system reaction that produces a temporary vascular dilation, resulting in fainting, or syncope
venous bleeding
bleeding from a vein; this type of bleeding tends to flow steadily
arterial bleeding
bleeding from an artery; this type of bleeding tends to spurt with each heartbeat; more bleeding available
capillary bleeding
bleeding that oozes from a wound steadily but slowly; oozing amount of bleeding
neurogenic shock
circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels , leading to widespread dilation; seen in people with spinal cord injuries
heart attack
death of a part of the heart muscle
shock
inadequate tissue perfusion resulting from serious injury or illness
epinephrine auto-injector
prescribed device used to administer an emergency dose of epinephrine to a person experiencing anaphylaxis
cardiac arrest
stoppage of the heartbeat
chest compression
the act of depressing the chest and allowing it to return to its normal position as part of CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
the act of providing chest compressions and rescue breaths for a person in cardiac arrest
perfusion
the delivery of blood and oxygen in all of the cells in the body tissues and organs.
perfusion
the delivery of blood and oxygen to all of the cells in the body tissues and organs.
defibrillation
the electrical shock administered by an AED to reestablish a normal heart rhythm