First Aid & CPR Test 2: chapters 5,6,7&8

Ch. 5 Quick Review

* A heart attack occurs when heart muscle tissue dies because the blood supply is severely reduced or stopped. * The five links in the chain of survival are recognition and activation of EMS, CPR, defibrillation, advanced care, and post-arrest care * CPR consists of moving blood to the heart and brain by giving chest compressions and breathing oxygen into a person's lungs * The signs of a severe airway obstruction include difficult breathing, weak and ineffective cough, inability to speak or breathe, and signs of cyanosis

Chapter 6 Quick Review

* A person chances for survival are dramatically improved through early CPR and early defibrillation * Because the heart contracts approximately every second, it needs an abundant supply of oxygen. * CPR is the initial care for cardiac arrest until a defibrillator is available * An AED is an electronic device that analyzes the heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to the heart of a person in cardiac arrest. * There are several special situations to be aware of when using an AED, including water, children, medication patches, and implanted devices. * Periodic inspection of the AED can ensure that the device has the necessary supplies and is in proper working condition

Ch. 8 Quick Review

* Rapid blood loss of 1 quart ( about one liter ) or more can lead to shock and death * External bleeding can be classified into three types according to the type of blood vessel that is damaged, artery, vein, or capillary * Regardless of the type of bleeding or the type of wound, the first aid is the same. First and foremost, you must control of the bleeding

Ch. 7 Quick Review

* Shock is a state of collapse and failure of the cardiovascular system in which the blood circulation decreases and eventually ceases * The damage caused by shock depends on which body part is deprived of oxygen and for how long. * Causes of shock can be both cardiovascular and noncardiovascular. * Anaphylaxis occurs when the immune system reacts violently to a substance to which it has already been sensitized. * Although, shock itself cannot be seen, you can see the progression of its signs and symptoms. * First aid providers should automatically treat people for shock.

* If a bleeding arm wound is not controlled through direct pressure, apply pressure to the brachial artery. (T/F)

False

* Most cases of bleeding require more than direct pressure to stop the bleeding. (T/F)

False

* Remove any blood - soaked dressings before applying additional ones. (T/F)

False

*Internal bleeding is normal. (T/F)

False

A person in shock with breathing difficulty or chest injury should be placed on his or her back. (T/F)

False

A person in shock with possible spinal injuries should be placed in a seated position. (T/F)

False

AED pads can applied over the top of the person's blouse. (T/F)

False

AEDs require the operator to know how to interpret heart rhythms. (T/F)

False

Because all AEDs are different, the basic steps of operation are also different

False

CPR is not needed if you are sure an AED will be available in 3 to 4 minutes. (T/F)

False

Do not start chest compressions until you have checked for a pulse. (T/F)

False

People in shock have hot skin. (T/F)

False

Place all people with severe injuries in the recovery position. (T/F)

False

To give abdominal thrusts to a responsive choking person, place your fist below the person's navel. (T/F)

False

Two electrode pads are placed on the left side of the person's chest. (T/F)

False

You are enjoying a bike ride on a paved trail with your friend. As she rounds the next bend, her bike tires slide on the gravel and she falls to the ground. She gets up but has a large scrape on her knee and part of her lower leg. Blood is oozing from the wound. * This type of bleeding is difficult to control and usually does not clot and stop by itself. (T/F)

False

You are having dinner in a very crowded restaurant with your family on New Years Eve. An older man is pushing a piano into the restaurant as part of the entertainment that evening. As he passes your table, he clutches his chest and falls to the floor. He is not moving. *If the man is choking you should perform abdominal thrusts. (T/F)

False

You are having dinner in a very crowded restaurant with your family on New Years Eve. An older man is pushing a piano into the restaurant as part of the entertainment that evening. As he passes your table, he clutches his chest and falls to the floor. He is not moving. *The man must be choking because he is in a restaurant. (T/F)

False

You are walking up a canyon trail. You hear someone call for help. You find a hiker bent over another person at the base of the cliff. The hiker says the person lying motionless fell about 20 feet while climbing the cliff. No obvious signs of injury. The person appears to be breathing and no serious bleeding is seen. *There is no need to seek medical care for this situation. (T/F)

False

You need to turn the AED on daily as part of a routine inspection. (T/F)True

False

Your workplace has recently implemented an AED program. You and several other employees have been trained to locate and use an AED. While at work, a coworker collapses. She is around 50 years old and you know she has a history of heart conditions. You tell a coworker to call 9-1-1 and bring an AED *You should deliver a shock even if the AED has not alerted you to do so. (T/F)

False

You are walking up a canyon trail. You hear someone call for help. You find a hiker bent over another person at the base of the cliff. The hiker says the person lying motionless fell about 20 feet while climbing the cliff. No obvious signs of injury. The person appears to be breathing and no serious bleeding is seen. *You should offer the person something to eat and drink. (T/F)

False.

What are the two forms of bleeding?

Internal and External.

You are having dinner in a very crowded restaurant with your family on New Year's Eve. An older man is pushing a piano into the restaurant as part of the entertainment that evening. As he passes your table, he clutches his chest and falls to the floor. He Is not moving. If he is not breathing or is breathing abnormally, you should call 9-1-1.(T/F)

True

* Applying a pressure bandage over a wound can allow you to attend to another injury or another injured person. (T/F

True

* Clotting is the body's way of stopping bleeding. (T/F)

True

* Dressings are placed directly on a wound. (T/F)

True

* Dressings should be sterile or as clean as possible. (T/F)

True

* If the person feels sick to the stomach and may vomit, roll him or her onto the left side. (T/F)

True

* When applying a tourniquet to control bleeding, place the tourniquet about 2 to 3 inches above the wound. (T/F)

True

A sign of choking is that the person is unable to speak or cough. (T/F)

True

After you determine that an adult is unresponsive, the next step is for someone to call 9-1-1. (T/F)

True

All people with severe injuries or illnesses should be treated for shock. (T/F)

True

An AED is to be applied only to a person who is unresponsiveness and not breathing. (T/F)

True

An epinephrine auto-injector can be used for people experiencing anaphylaxis. (T/F)

True

Anaphylaxis is a life threatening breathing emergency. (T/F)

True

Anxiety and restlessness are signs of shock. (T/F)

True

Batteries and pads have expiration dates of which you should be aware. (T/F)

True

For all people (adult, Child, infant) needing CPR, give 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths. (T/F)

True

Gasping in an unresponsive person can indicate that the person is not breathing. (T/F)

True

If you determine that a person is not breathing, begin chest compressions. (T/F)

True

Prevent the loss of body heat by putting blankets under and over the person. (T/F)

True

The AED pads (electrodes) need to be attached to a dry chest. (T/F)

True

The earlier defibrillation occurs the better the person's chance of survival. (T/F)

True

Tilting the head back and lifting the chin helps move the tongue and open the airway. (T/F)

True

Treat people with severe injuries for shock even if there are no signs of it. (T/F)

True

Use two fingers when performing CPR on an infant. (T/F)

True

When giving abdominal thrusts to a responsive choking person, repeat the thrusts until the object is removed or the person becomes unresponsive. (T/F)

True

You are enjoying a bike ride on a paved trail with your friend. As she rounds the next bend, her bike tires slide on the gravel and she falls to the ground. She gets up but has a large scrape on her knee and part of her lower leg. Blood is oozing from the wound. * Direct pressure will control this type of bleeding. (T/F)

True

You are enjoying a bike ride on a paved trail with your friend. As she rounds the next bend, her bike tires slide on the gravel and she falls to the ground. She gets up but has a large scrape on her knee and part of her lower leg. Blood is oozing from the wound. * This type of bleeding is the most common type. (T/F)

True

You are enjoying a bike ride on a paved trail with your friend. As she rounds the next bend, her bike tires slide on the gravel and she falls to the ground. She gets up but has a large scrape on her knee and part of her lower leg. Blood is oozing from the wound. * This person is experiencing capillary bleeding. (T/F)

True

You are having dinner in a very crowded restaurant with your family on New Years Eve. An older man is pushing a piano into the restaurant as part of the entertainment that evening. As he passes your table, he clutches his chest and falls to the floor. He is not moving. *Check for breathing before giving any breaths to the person. (T/F)

True

You are having dinner in a very crowded restaurant with your family on New Years Eve. An older man is pushing a piano into the restaurant as part of the entertainment that evening. As he passes your table, he clutches his chest and falls to the floor. He is not moving. *Continue CPR until an AED becomes available or EMS personnel arrive

True

You are having dinner in a very crowded restaurant with your family on New Years Eve. An older man is pushing a piano into the restaurant as part of the entertainment that evening. As he passes your table, he clutches his chest and falls to the floor. He is not moving. *If he is not breathing or is breathing abnormally, you should call 9-1-1. (T/F)

True

You are having dinner in a very crowded restaurant with your family on New Years Eve. An older man is pushing a piano into the restaurant as part of the entertainment that evening. As he passes your table, he clutches his chest and falls to the floor. He is not moving. *If the man is choking you should perform sets of 30 chest compressions and 2 breaths. (T/F)

True

You are walking up a canyon trail. You hear someone call for help. You find a hiker bent over another person at the base of the cliff. The hiker says the person lying motionless fell about 20 feet while climbing the cliff. No obvious signs of injury. The person appears to be breathing and no serious bleeding is seen. *You should keep the person flat if a spinal injury is suspected. (T/F)

True

You are walking up a canyon trail. You hear someone call for help. You find a hiker bent over another person at the base of the cliff. The hiker says the person lying motionless fell about 20 feet while climbing the cliff. No obvious signs of injury. The person appears to be breathing and no serious bleeding is seen. *You should suspect spinal injury. (T/F)

True

You can still use an AED if an implanted pacemaker is present. (T/F)

True

Your workplace has recently implemented an AED program. You and several other employees have been trained to locate and use an AED. While at work, a coworker collapses. She is around 50 years old and you know she has a history of heart conditions. You tell a coworker to call 9-1-1 and bring an AED *The AED will alert you about improper pad placement. (T/F)

True

Your workplace has recently implemented an AED program. You and several other employees have been trained to locate and use an AED. While at work, a coworker collapses. She is around 50 years old and you know she has a history of heart conditions. You tell a coworker to call 9-1-1 and bring an AED *You should begin chest compression s as soon as possible and stop to apply the AED pads to the chest or to give two breaths. (T/F)

True

Your workplace has recently implemented an AED program. You and several other employees have been trained to locate and use an AED. While at work, a coworker collapses. She is around 50 years old and you know she has a history of heart conditions. You tell a coworker to call 9-1-1 and bring an AED. *You should establish unresponsiveness before starting anything else. (T/F)

True

tourniquet

a bleeding control device wrapped tightly around an extremity to stop blood flow from a wound

airway obstruction

a blockage, often the result of a foreign body, in which airflow to the lungs is reduced or completely blocked

cyanosis

a blue-gray skin color that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood

head tilt-chin lift maneuver

a combination of two movements to open the airway by tilting the forehead back and lifting the chin

chain of survival

a concept involving five critical links (recognition and activation of EMS, CPR, defibrillation, advanced care, post arrest care) to help improve survival from cardiac arrest

automated external defibrillator (AED)

a device capable of analyzing the heart rhythm and providing a shock

hemostatic dressing

a gauze-style dressing saturated with an agent that stops bleeding

hemorrhage

a large amount of bleeding in a short time

anaphylaxis

a life-threatening allergic reaction

ventricular tachycardia

a potentially life threatening electrical condition, in which the heart beats too fast to pump blood effectively

ventricular fibrillation

a potentially life threatening electrical condition, in which the heart muscle contracts and relaxes in a disorganized fashion; the lower chambers of the heart quiver and cannot pump blood

psychogenic shock

a sudden nervous system reaction that produces a temporary vascular dilation, resulting in fainting, or syncope

venous bleeding

bleeding from a vein; this type of bleeding tends to flow steadily

arterial bleeding

bleeding from an artery; this type of bleeding tends to spurt with each heartbeat; more bleeding available

capillary bleeding

bleeding that oozes from a wound steadily but slowly; oozing amount of bleeding

neurogenic shock

circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels , leading to widespread dilation; seen in people with spinal cord injuries

heart attack

death of a part of the heart muscle

shock

inadequate tissue perfusion resulting from serious injury or illness

epinephrine auto-injector

prescribed device used to administer an emergency dose of epinephrine to a person experiencing anaphylaxis

cardiac arrest

stoppage of the heartbeat

chest compression

the act of depressing the chest and allowing it to return to its normal position as part of CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

the act of providing chest compressions and rescue breaths for a person in cardiac arrest

perfusion

the delivery of blood and oxygen in all of the cells in the body tissues and organs.

perfusion

the delivery of blood and oxygen to all of the cells in the body tissues and organs.

defibrillation

the electrical shock administered by an AED to reestablish a normal heart rhythm