First Quarter Exam Ch: 1-8
Q: A small group of seven students evaluated Professor Zanylo's lectures. On a scale of 1 to 10, the scores the students registered were 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10. Professor Zanylo's mode score was ________ and his median score was ________.
A: 9,8
Q: The book published by W. E. B. Du Bois in 1899 that analyzed how African Americans in a major United States city coped with racism was ________.
A: <i>The Philadelphia Negro</i>
Q: Functionalists refer to how parts of a society fit together to form a whole as ________.
A: A structure
Q: People from all walks of life, races, religions, and ethnic groups participate in the U.S. legislative process. In view of this, which term best describes American society?
A: America is a pluralistic society.
Q: The two sociologists who referred to society as being a kind of living organism were _______ and ________.
A: Auguste Comte; Herbert Spencer
Q: The sociologist who developed the concept of the power elite was ________.
A: C. Wright Mills
Q:The sociologist responsible for suggesting the connection between history and biography to explain the sociological imagination was ________.
A: C. Wright Mills
Q: The two anthropologists who studied the Hopi Indians and concluded that language has embedded within it ways of looking at the world were ________.Q: The two anthropologists who studied the Hopi Indians and concluded that language has embedded within it ways of looking at the world were ________.
A: Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf
Q: Because sociology is based on common sense, it is an excellent discipline for students to study who approach the world in a rational, matter-of-fact way.
A: False
Q: Booker T. Washington was the first African American to earn a doctorate degree from Harvard University.
A: False
Q: The first goal of any scientific discipline is to discover the pattern, or reoccurring characteristics, of the phenomena under study.
A: False
Q:Sociologists agree that human behavior has been bred into us through evolutionary principles.
A: False
Q; The anthropologist who gathered data on hundreds of groups around the world to compare their customs, and then concluded that specific customs differed from one group to another, was ________.
A: George Murdock
Q: Which sociological perspectives are best to use in developing an accurate understanding of society?
A: No single perspective is best, so all three must be utilized.
Q: Max Weber referred to the self-denying approach to life characterized by people living frugal lives and saving their money as the ________.
A: Protestant ethic
Q: Sue is an expert in interpreting gestures, silence, the use of space, and expressions people make in their daily interactions. In view of this, how would Sue's expertise be defined?
A: Sue is an expert in nonverbal interaction.
Q: The American sociologist who focused on social analysis, developing abstract models showing how parts of society harmoniously work together, was ________.
A: Talcott Parsons
Q: Despite her acclaimed research on social life, until recently Harriet Martineau was best known for translating Comte's works on sociology into English.
A: True
Q: Sociologist Lewis Coser pointed out that conflict is most likely to develop among people who are in close relationships.
A: True
Q:A person who professes a belief in freedom and equality but also demonstrates behavior that is sexist and racist is involved in a value contradiction.
A: True
Q:Herbert Spencer believed the most capable and intelligent members of a society would survive while the weak and "less fit" would die, thus improving society, in a master plan that he called"survival of the fittest."
A: True
Q:Sociologists who use the functionalist perspective stress how industrialization and urbanization have undermined the traditional functions of the family.
A: True
Q: Anthropology, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology are all appropriately classified as social sciences.
A: Ture
Q: The first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, who spent his lifetime studying race relations in America and was one of the founders of the NAACP, was ________.
A: W. E. B. Du Bois
Q: According to symbolic interactionists, the deciding factor that determines if change in society is good or bad requires ________.
A: a framework or context from which to view the meaning of the change
Q: Most American high schools routinely schedule ceremonies to recognize the most talented student athletes and scholars. Such activities illustrate the importance that Americans place on which value, as defined by sociologist Robin Williams?
A: achievement and success
Q: Of the following, which discipline is most appropriately classified as a natural science?
A: biology
Q: Which groups of social theorists would focus most on macro-level analysis when examining patterns of society?
A: conflict theorists and structural functionalists
Q:Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that ________ was the force most responsible for social change
A: economics; religion
Q: In 1906, sociologist William Sumner made the comment, "One's own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it." This statement is most aligned with the concept of ________.
A: ethnocentrism
Q: When Harry returned from a business meeting in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, his wife asked him what he thought of the Vietnamese people. Harry replied, "They're primitive people who eat animals from the streets, drive wildly around town on motor scooters, and talk very fast." Harry's reply best qualifies as an example of ________.
A: ethnocentrism
Q: The first goal of each scientific discipline is to ________.
A: explain why something happens
Q: Americans glorify academic progress and material success. However, most students do not graduate with honors and most citizens are not wealthy. This condition characterizes the difference between ________ and ________.
A: ideal culture; real culture
Q:Anthropologists Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf concluded that ________.
A: language creates ways of thinking and perceiving
Q: Cindy is interested in how the movement of Maytag production plants and other industries from the Midwest to Mexico has changed the lives of thousands of unemployed workers and their communities. Cindy is conducting a ________ analysis.
A: macro-level
Q: According to Robert Merton, ________ are the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions.
A: manifest functions
Q: The scientific method requires ________, repeating a study in order to compare the new research results with the original findings.
A: replication
Q: Durkheim referred to patterns of behavior that characterize a social group as ________.
A: social facts
Q: When a group has a distinctive way of looking at life, but at the same time its values and norms reflect the dominant culture of its society, the group would be considered a(n) ________.
A: subculture
Q: Sociologists who analyze how social life depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely ________.
A: symbolic interactionists
Q: What was the social event that most influenced Auguste Comte to explore patterns within society and become interested in what holds society together?
A: the French Revolution
Q: Sociology first took root as an academic discipline at _______ in 1890.
A: the University of Kansas
Q: What is the use of objective and systematic observation to test theories, one that is often employed by sociologists?
A: the scientific method
Q:Max Weber used the term Verstehen to mean ________.
A: to grasp by insight
Q: What quality did Max Weber stress as being the hallmark of social research?
A: value neutrality
Q: The first person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the study of social life was ________.
A:Auguste Comte
Q:The concept of natural selection, which proposed that genes of a species are not distributed evenly among the offspring, thus enabling certain members of the species to survive while others die out, was developed by ________.
A:Charles Darwin
Q: Anthropologist Ralph Linton said, "The last thing a fish would ever notice would be water." What does this imply about culture?
A:Culture is taken for granted by members of society who share it.
Q: A group's way of thinking, including its beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the world, is classified as material culture.
A:False
Q: How people interpret their situation in life, how they view what they are doing, and how they perceive what is happening to them, is referred to as their objective meaning of life.
A:False
Q: Sociologists have always agreed that the most important goal of sociology is to generate social change.
A:False
Q:Because of their training and expertise, sociologists often stress their personal values in their research.
A:False
Q: Because of her outstanding contributions to social reform, as demonstrated in her work as co-founder of Hull-House, ________ was a co-winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.
A:Jane Addams
Q: All of the following statements are accurate regarding language, EXCEPT for which one?
A:Language is universal in terms of the meaning of particular sounds.
Q: The contemporary conflict sociologist who pointed out that conflict is most likely to develop among people in close relationships was ________.
A:Lewis Coser
Q:The sociologist who identified ten underlying core values of American society was ________.
A:Robin Williams
Q: What distinction did sociologist Frances Perkins hold in American history?
A:She was the first woman to hold a presidential cabinet position.
Q:Courtney raises champion sheep, Joe is a cab driver in New York, and Rufus is a member of the RAW family of professional wrestling. What do Courtney, Joe, and Rufus have in common?
A:They are all members of subcultures.
Q: According to Max Weber, the "sign" Calvinists looked for as an indication they were saved was their successful investment in capital.
A:True
Q: According to the principles of symbolic interactionism, symbols not only allow relationships to exist, they also allow society to exist.
A:True
Q: In the early 20th century, the University of Chicago dominated the field of sociology.
A:True
Q: The social science discipline that concentrates on the study of artifacts, social structure, ideas, values, and forms of communication is ________.
A:anthropology
Q: Dr. Zahn's academic interest is analyzing various aspects of society and publishing his findings in sociological journals. In view of this, Dr. Zahn is considered to be a(n) ________ sociologist.
A:basic (or pure)
Q:The author's experience in Morocco, which included the absence of women from public positions, intense stares directed at him, pushing and shoving at the train station, and total disregard for sanitation by food vendors, left the author with a profound sense of ________.
A:culture shock
Q: The author added three values to the original list of ten core values that Robin Williams identified as the most common in American society. Which of the following is NOT one of the three values added?
A:equality
Q:Which of the following elements did C. Wright Mills attribute as being the one that sociologists would use to explain individual behavior?
A:external influence
Q: Sociologists are now developing what they call _________, which emphasizes the influence of genes on human behavior.
A:genetics-informed sociology
Q:Symbols can be strung together in an infinite number of ways for the purpose of communicating abstract thought. This is referred to as ________.
A:language
Q: The notion that only the fittest members of society deserve to survive and that social programs to help the poor will ultimately weaken the social order is a doctrine known as ________.
A:social Darwinism
Q:The concept that describes opening a window into unfamiliar worlds that allows us to understand human behavior by placing it within its broader social context is called ________.
A:the sociological perspective (or imagination)
