Fitness and Wellness Vocab
cellulite
"bulge out" of skin
Moderate physical activity
Activity that uses 150 calories of energy per day, or 1,000 calories per week
Storage fat
Body fat in excess of essential fat; stored in adipose tissue
Sedentary
Description of a person who is relatively inactive and whose lifestyle is characterized by a lot of sitting
Chronic diseases
Illnesses that develop as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle and last a long time
Altruism
Unselfish concern for the welfare of others
Ecosystem
a community of organisms interacting with each other in an environment
Morbidity
a condition related to or caused by illness or disease
Very low calorie diet
a diet that allows an energy intake of only 800 or less a day
weight-regulating mechanism (WRM)
a feature of the hypothalamus of the brain that controls how much the body should weigh
Physical fitness standards
a fitness level that allows a person to sustain moderate-to-vigorous physical activity without undue fatigue and the ability to closely maintain this level throughout life
Metabolic profile
a measurement of plasma insulin, glucose, lipid, and lipoprotein levels to assess risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Mental Wellness
a state in which your mind is engaged in lively interaction with the world around you
Health
a state of complete well-being-- not just the absence of disease or infirmity
exercise
a type of physical activity that requires planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement with the intent of improving or maintaining one or more components of physical fitness
Cardiorespiratory endurance
ability of lungs, heart, and blood vessels to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to the cells to meet the demands of prolonged physical activity
Alveoli
air sacs in the lungs where oxygen is taken up and carbon dioxide is released form the blood
Stroke volume
amount of blood pumped by the heart in one beat
cardiac output
amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute
oxygen uptake
amount of oxygen used
recovery time
amount of time that the body takes to return to resting levels after exercise
Anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder by self-imposed starvation and maintain a very low body weight
binge-eating disorder
an eating disorder by uncontrollable episodes of eating excessive amounts of food in a short time
Pedometer
an electronic device that senses body motion and counts footsteps
overweight
an excess amount of weight against a given standard
obesity
an excessive accumulation of body fat; 30% above recommended body weight
Vigorous activity
any exercise that requires a MET level equal to or greater than 6 METs
Physical activity
bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles
Recommended body weight
body weight at which there seems to be no harm to human health
Lean body mass
body weight without body fat
Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)
bottom numbers in 180/60; pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries during the relaxation phase of the heart
Sedentary Death Syndrome(SeDS)
cause of deaths attributed to a lack of regular physical activity
Bod Pod
commercial name of the equipment used to assess body composition through the air displacement technique
emotional eating
consumption of large quantities of food to suppress negative emotions
Subcutaneous fat
deposits of fat directly under the skin
Bulimia nervosa
eating disorder by a pattern of binge eating and purging in an attempt to lose weight and maintain a low body weight
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
energy chemical compound that the body uses for immediate energy
resting metabolic rate (RMR)
energy requirement to maintain the body's vital processes in the resting state
aerobic
exercise requires oxygen to produce the necessary energy for the activity
anaerobic
exercise that does not require oxygen to produce the necessary energy for the activity
underweight
extremely low body weight
Aqua phobic
fear of water
Skill-related fitness
fitness components important for success in skillful activities and athletic events
Health-related fitness
fitness programs that are prescribed to improve the individual's overall health
Physical Wellness
good physical fitness and confidence in your personal ability to take care of health problems
Resting Heart Rate
heart rate of a person sitting quietly for more than 15 minutes
Sphygmomanometer
inflatable bladder contained within a cuff and a mercury gravity manometer from which blood pressure is read
hemoglobin
iron-containing compound, found in red blood cells
Hypokinetic Diseases
lack of physical activity
workload
load or intensity placed on the body during physical activity
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
lowest level of oxygen consumption necessary to sustain life
estimated energy requirement (EER)
maintain energy balance in a healthy adult of defined age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity; good health
Glycogen
manner in which carbohydrates are stored in the body
VO2Max
max amount of oxygen utilized by the body
glycemic index
measure of plasma glucose response of carbs containing foods with the response produced by the same amount of carbs from a standard source
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
method to assess body composition that uses very low-dose beams of x-ray energy to measure total body fat mass, fat distribution pattern, and bone density
Essential fat
minimal amount of body fat needed for normal physiological functions
Energy balancing equation
not gain nor lose weight
Life expectancy
number of years a person is expected to live based on the person's birth year
android obesity
obesity pattern seen in individuals who tend to store fat in the trunk or abdominal region
Gynoid obesity
obesity pattern seen in people who store fat primarily around the hips and thighs
Primordial Prevention
prevention of the development of risk factors for disease
Percent Body Fat
proportional amount of fat in the body based on the person's total weight
Prayer
sincere and humble communication with a higher power
Bradycardia
slower heart rate than normal
capillaries
smallest blood vessels carrying oxygenated blood to the tissues in the body
mitochondria
structures within the call where energy transformations take place
Air displacement
technique to assess body composition by calculating the body volume from the air replaced by an individual sitting inside a small chamber
Skinfold thickness
technique to assess body composition by measuring a double thickness of skin at specific body sites
Girth measurement
technique to assess body composition by measuring circumferences at specific body sites
Bioelectrical impedance
technique to assess body composition by running a weak electrical current through the body
Body mass index (BMI)
technique to determine thinness and excessive fatness that incorporates height and weight to estimate critical fat values at which the risk for disease increases
Anthropometric measurement
techniques to measure body girths at different sites
Physical fitness
the ability to meet the ordinary as well as unusual demands of daily life safely and effectively without being overly fatigued and still have some energy left for leisure and recreational activities
Occupational Wellness
the ability to perform your job skillfully and effectively under conditions that provide personal and team satisfaction and adequately reward each individual
Social Wellness
the ability to relate well to others, both within and outside the family unit
Emotional Wellness
the ability to understand your own feelings, accept your limitations, and achieve emotional stability
Environmental Wellness
the capability to live in a clean and safe environment that is not detrimental to health
Wellness
the constant and deliberate effort to stay healthy and achieve the highest potential for well-being
Body composition
the fat and non-fat components of the human body; assessing recommended body weight
Health Fitness Standards
the lowest fitness requirements for maintaining good health
Health Promotion
the science and art of enabling people to increase control over their lifestyle to move toward a state of wellness
Spiritual Wellness
the sense that life is meaningful, that life has purpose, some power brings all humanity together
Spot reducing
theory that if exercising a specific body part will result in fat reduction in that area
Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)
top numbers in 180/60; pressure exerted by blood against walls of arteries during forceful contraction of the heart
Hydrostatic weighing
underwater technique to assess body composition
setpoint
weight control theory that the body has an established weight and strongly attempts to maintain that weight