Fitness and Wellness Vocab

cellulite

"bulge out" of skin

Moderate physical activity

Activity that uses 150 calories of energy per day, or 1,000 calories per week

Storage fat

Body fat in excess of essential fat; stored in adipose tissue

Sedentary

Description of a person who is relatively inactive and whose lifestyle is characterized by a lot of sitting

Chronic diseases

Illnesses that develop as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle and last a long time

Altruism

Unselfish concern for the welfare of others

Ecosystem

a community of organisms interacting with each other in an environment

Morbidity

a condition related to or caused by illness or disease

Very low calorie diet

a diet that allows an energy intake of only 800 or less a day

weight-regulating mechanism (WRM)

a feature of the hypothalamus of the brain that controls how much the body should weigh

Physical fitness standards

a fitness level that allows a person to sustain moderate-to-vigorous physical activity without undue fatigue and the ability to closely maintain this level throughout life

Metabolic profile

a measurement of plasma insulin, glucose, lipid, and lipoprotein levels to assess risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Mental Wellness

a state in which your mind is engaged in lively interaction with the world around you

Health

a state of complete well-being-- not just the absence of disease or infirmity

exercise

a type of physical activity that requires planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement with the intent of improving or maintaining one or more components of physical fitness

Cardiorespiratory endurance

ability of lungs, heart, and blood vessels to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to the cells to meet the demands of prolonged physical activity

Alveoli

air sacs in the lungs where oxygen is taken up and carbon dioxide is released form the blood

Stroke volume

amount of blood pumped by the heart in one beat

cardiac output

amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute

oxygen uptake

amount of oxygen used

recovery time

amount of time that the body takes to return to resting levels after exercise

Anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder by self-imposed starvation and maintain a very low body weight

binge-eating disorder

an eating disorder by uncontrollable episodes of eating excessive amounts of food in a short time

Pedometer

an electronic device that senses body motion and counts footsteps

overweight

an excess amount of weight against a given standard

obesity

an excessive accumulation of body fat; 30% above recommended body weight

Vigorous activity

any exercise that requires a MET level equal to or greater than 6 METs

Physical activity

bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles

Recommended body weight

body weight at which there seems to be no harm to human health

Lean body mass

body weight without body fat

Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)

bottom numbers in 180/60; pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries during the relaxation phase of the heart

Sedentary Death Syndrome(SeDS)

cause of deaths attributed to a lack of regular physical activity

Bod Pod

commercial name of the equipment used to assess body composition through the air displacement technique

emotional eating

consumption of large quantities of food to suppress negative emotions

Subcutaneous fat

deposits of fat directly under the skin

Bulimia nervosa

eating disorder by a pattern of binge eating and purging in an attempt to lose weight and maintain a low body weight

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

energy chemical compound that the body uses for immediate energy

resting metabolic rate (RMR)

energy requirement to maintain the body's vital processes in the resting state

aerobic

exercise requires oxygen to produce the necessary energy for the activity

anaerobic

exercise that does not require oxygen to produce the necessary energy for the activity

underweight

extremely low body weight

Aqua phobic

fear of water

Skill-related fitness

fitness components important for success in skillful activities and athletic events

Health-related fitness

fitness programs that are prescribed to improve the individual's overall health

Physical Wellness

good physical fitness and confidence in your personal ability to take care of health problems

Resting Heart Rate

heart rate of a person sitting quietly for more than 15 minutes

Sphygmomanometer

inflatable bladder contained within a cuff and a mercury gravity manometer from which blood pressure is read

hemoglobin

iron-containing compound, found in red blood cells

Hypokinetic Diseases

lack of physical activity

workload

load or intensity placed on the body during physical activity

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

lowest level of oxygen consumption necessary to sustain life

estimated energy requirement (EER)

maintain energy balance in a healthy adult of defined age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity; good health

Glycogen

manner in which carbohydrates are stored in the body

VO2Max

max amount of oxygen utilized by the body

glycemic index

measure of plasma glucose response of carbs containing foods with the response produced by the same amount of carbs from a standard source

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

method to assess body composition that uses very low-dose beams of x-ray energy to measure total body fat mass, fat distribution pattern, and bone density

Essential fat

minimal amount of body fat needed for normal physiological functions

Energy balancing equation

not gain nor lose weight

Life expectancy

number of years a person is expected to live based on the person's birth year

android obesity

obesity pattern seen in individuals who tend to store fat in the trunk or abdominal region

Gynoid obesity

obesity pattern seen in people who store fat primarily around the hips and thighs

Primordial Prevention

prevention of the development of risk factors for disease

Percent Body Fat

proportional amount of fat in the body based on the person's total weight

Prayer

sincere and humble communication with a higher power

Bradycardia

slower heart rate than normal

capillaries

smallest blood vessels carrying oxygenated blood to the tissues in the body

mitochondria

structures within the call where energy transformations take place

Air displacement

technique to assess body composition by calculating the body volume from the air replaced by an individual sitting inside a small chamber

Skinfold thickness

technique to assess body composition by measuring a double thickness of skin at specific body sites

Girth measurement

technique to assess body composition by measuring circumferences at specific body sites

Bioelectrical impedance

technique to assess body composition by running a weak electrical current through the body

Body mass index (BMI)

technique to determine thinness and excessive fatness that incorporates height and weight to estimate critical fat values at which the risk for disease increases

Anthropometric measurement

techniques to measure body girths at different sites

Physical fitness

the ability to meet the ordinary as well as unusual demands of daily life safely and effectively without being overly fatigued and still have some energy left for leisure and recreational activities

Occupational Wellness

the ability to perform your job skillfully and effectively under conditions that provide personal and team satisfaction and adequately reward each individual

Social Wellness

the ability to relate well to others, both within and outside the family unit

Emotional Wellness

the ability to understand your own feelings, accept your limitations, and achieve emotional stability

Environmental Wellness

the capability to live in a clean and safe environment that is not detrimental to health

Wellness

the constant and deliberate effort to stay healthy and achieve the highest potential for well-being

Body composition

the fat and non-fat components of the human body; assessing recommended body weight

Health Fitness Standards

the lowest fitness requirements for maintaining good health

Health Promotion

the science and art of enabling people to increase control over their lifestyle to move toward a state of wellness

Spiritual Wellness

the sense that life is meaningful, that life has purpose, some power brings all humanity together

Spot reducing

theory that if exercising a specific body part will result in fat reduction in that area

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

top numbers in 180/60; pressure exerted by blood against walls of arteries during forceful contraction of the heart

Hydrostatic weighing

underwater technique to assess body composition

setpoint

weight control theory that the body has an established weight and strongly attempts to maintain that weight