fixation

recommended for fixation of central nervous tissues

10% formol saline

recommended for storage of surgical, post mortem and research specimen

10% neutral buffered formalin

fixation time of formaldehyde

24 hours

stock solution of formaldehyde

37%-40%

used to wash excess amount of picric acid (bouin's solution)

50-70% alcohol

commonly used for bone marrow biobsies

B-5 fixative

two aldehyde fixatives that have been particularly useful for electron cytochemistry

Karnovsky's paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde acrolein

used at temperature ranging from-5℃ to 4℃. for study of phosphatases and lipases. fixing brain tissues for diagnosis of rabies.

acetone

the most useful fixatives for preserving glycogen

alcohol based ex) Rossman's fluid, cold absolute alcohol

what fixatives are generally recommended for glycogen fixation

alcoholic fixatives

fixation is faster, used for rapid diagnosis and it is used to fix sputum

alcoholic formalin

used to remove excessive mercuric fixatives

alcoholic iodine

fixatives for phosopholipids that contain amino groups

aldehyde becker's formol calcium

this type of fixatives are satisfactory for routine parrafin sections, for electron microscopy, and when histochemical and enzyme studies are indicated

aldehyde fixatives

recommended for fixation of embryos and pituitary biopsies

bouin's solution

excellent fixative for glycogen

brasil's alcoholic picroformol fixative

recommended for fixing chromosomes, lymph glands and for diagnosis of rabies

carnoy's fluid

better retention of glycogen if the section is coated with what?

celloidin

no glacial acetic acid. for testes, oligospermia, study of infertility. cytoplasmic fixative.

champy's fixative

precipitates all proteins and preserves lipids

chromic acid

absolute alcohol, glacial acetic acid. excellent for mitochondrial fats. nuclear fixative.

clark's fixative

artifact found in surgical specimen

crush artifact

ficatives that preserve specific parts and particular microscopic elements of the cell itself

cytologic fixatives

cholesterol may be fixed with what fixative for ultrastructural demonstration?

digitonin

10% formol saline preserves what?

enzymes nucleoproteins fats mucin

used at concentrations 70-100%. may be used as simple or compound fixative.

ethyl alcohol

artifact that is produced under acid conditions

formalin pigment

destroys mitochondria and golgi elements of cells

glacial acetic acid

used in conjunction with other fixatives. fixes and precipitates nucleoproteins. causes tissue to swell.

glacial acetic acid

satisfactory for electron microscopy more stable preserves plasma protein

glutaraldehyde

involves thermal coagulation of tissue proteins for rapid diagnosis

heat fixation

recommended for tumor biopsies. excellent cytologic fixative

heidenhain's susa solution

ultrastructural demonstration of lipids has been achieved by post fixing in what fixative

imidazole osmium tetroxide

soaking tissue to 10- 20 times the volume of the tissue

immersion

used for fixing touch preparations

isopropyl alcohol 95%

recommended for acid mucopolysaccharides and it fixes connective tissue mucin

lead fixatives

most common metalic fixative

mercuric chloride

fixatives that can be effective for preservation of lipids in cryostat sections

mercuric chloride potassium dichromate

excellent for fixing dry and wet smears

methy alcohol 100%

fixatives that permit the general microscopic study of tissue structures without altering the structural pattern and normal intercellular relationship of the tissue

microanatomical fixatives

increases movement of molecules and accelerate fixation, staining, decalcification, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.

microwave technique

what fixatives are the most commonly used fixatives for amino acid histochemistry

neutral buffered formol saline of formaldehyde

acts as both nuclear and histochemical fixative

newcomer's fluid

demostrates rickettsiae and preserves myelin

orth's fluid

preserves cytoplasmic structures. brilliant staining with safranin. for ultrathin sectioning in electron microscopy

osmium tetroxide (osmic acid)

pH of nuclear fixatives

pH4.6

intense eosinophilic staining may be due to what

partial coagulation of partially fixed protein by ethanol. incomplete wax impregnation.

injecting fixative to heart

perfusion

formalin pigment can be reduced by fixation in

phenol formalin

2.5%-3% potassium dichromate for 24 hours to act as mordant for better staining. aid in cytologic preservation of tissues

post chromatization

the presence of this substance prevents complete penetration of fixative. fixed slowly and poorly.

presence of mucus

recommended for demonstration of chromatin and mitochondria

regard's (muller's) fluid

process of placing an already fixed tissue in a second fixative

secondary fixation

marked swelling effect on tissues. weak decalcifying agent.

trichloroacetic acid

process of removing excess fixative from tissue after fixation

washing out

mercury chloride with glacial acetic acid

zenker's fluid

excellent microanatomic fixative for pituitary gland, bone marrow and blood containing organs

zenker-formol (Helly's solution)