flashcards 1
fit
"Don't have a fit about it!" someone might snap at you. Chances are you're making a fuss and acting out, characteristics that precisely fit or match what having a fit involves. Chill out. When something fits like a glove, it fits just right. When you put a glove on, you fit each finger into its place. The word fit can mean "matching the shape of something" or "being a good match," like two people who meet online and turn out to be a good fit for one another. But its definitions are not always so rosy. If you're really angry and find yourself throwing a tantrum, you're having a fit. adjective (usually followed by `to' or `for') on the point of or strongly disposed "in no fit state to continue" "fit to drop" "laughing fit to burst" "she was fit to scream" synonyms:primed, set readycompletely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress verb be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics synonyms:agree, check, correspond, gibe, jibe, match, tally check, check outbe verified or confirmed; pass inspection accord, agree, comport, concord, consort, fit in, harmonise, harmonizebe harmonious or consistent with verb conform to some shape or size "How does this shirt fit?" verb make fit "fit a dress" "He fitted other pieces of paper to his cut-out" noun the manner in which something fits "I admired the fit of her coat" noun a display of bad temper "he had a fit" synonyms:conniption, scene, tantrum noun a sudden flurry of activity (often for no obvious reason) "a fit of housecleaning" synonyms:burst adjective physically and mentally sound or healthy "felt relaxed and fit after their holiday" "keeps fit with diet and exercise" Synonyms:able, able-bodiedhaving a strong healthy bodyconditioned, in conditionphysically fithealthyhaving or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or diseasesoundfinancially secure and safewellin good health especially after having suffered illness or injury The waist was big enough to fit two of me. "Sorry to bother you when you're so busy. I thought I'd better check up on Cap Anderson. Has he been fitting in any better?" I learned that I couldn't fit the sentence on one line. He took her up to Olympus, where the gods consented to receive her as one of themselves, a mortal, indeed, but the mother of a god and therefore fit to dwell with immortals. مناسب ، تایید شده
cheif
A chief is a leader, often of a tribe or clan. Sometimes we call the president our "commander in chief." A chief is the head honcho, the big cheese, the top dog. Tribes are lead by chiefs, but so are firefighters (fire chief), policeman (police chief), and companies (Chief Executive Officer or CEO). When used as an adjective, chief describes the most important element or main ingredient of something. You couldn't make mac and cheese without the chief ingredients: macaroni and cheese. noun a person who exercises control over workers synonyms:boss, foreman, gaffer, honcho adjective most important element "the chief aim of living" synonyms:main, master, primary, principal important, of import One of them found a rap cassette in my pocket and handed it to the chief. "I welcome you today like a chief. Your feet may touch the ground when you lose your chieftaincy, which begins now," my uncle said, laughing, as he set me down. He was a big chief in Southern Sudan and fought on the side of the British colonizers against the Arabs who lived in Northern Sudan and wanted to control the whole country. The chief guardian looked up from his papers. رییس
clot
A clot is a mass of coagulated blood. It's your body's way of repairing itself, stopping blood from flowing and beginning to heal a wound. You can use the noun clot for any liquid that forms a solid lump or mass, though it's usually a medical term specifically related to blood. Some clots are useful, like the ones that form on skin that's been cut, while others — like those that occur inside blood vessels — can be harmful. Clot can also be a verb, meaning to clog or coagulate. The root is the German word Klotz, which means "lump or block." noun a lump of material formed from the content of a liquid synonyms:coagulum verb change from a liquid to a thickened or solid state synonyms:coagulate verb coalesce or unite in a mass "Blood clots" synonyms:clog verb turn into curds synonyms:clabber, curdle verb cause to change from a liquid to a solid or thickened state synonyms:coagulate Ever optimistic, always looking for a sliver of sunshine in a sky clotted with thunderclouds. They were wide and deep and clotted with soil, and the ground where he'd lain was muddy from blood. In the end, it said, she was "vomiting coffee- ground material," which was probably clotted blood. There were studies of shadows against a faded brick wall, photographs of feathers clotting the shoreline of Shaker Lake, experiments Mia was conducting with printing photographs on different surfaces: vellum, aluminum foil, newspapers. لخته خون
colleague
A colleague is someone you work with at your job. When you are a teacher, the other teachers are your colleagues. When you work as a cashier at 7-11, the guy at the deli counter is your colleague as well. Your colleagues are usually people at the same level or rank as you are. You would not usually consider your boss to be a colleague. This noun is from French collègue, from Latin collega "a person chosen along with another," from the prefix com- "with" plus legare "to appoint as a deputy." noun an associate that one works with synonyms:co-worker, fellow worker, workfellow noun a person who is member of one's class or profession "the surgeon consulted his colleagues" synonyms:confrere, fellow As Katherine and her colleagues in the Flight Research Division wondered what was next, Sputnik provided them with the answer. "Everyone laughs. I found myself telling my colleagues at the university that I was going camping this summer." This disappointed some of my colleagues, but I thought the issue was serious enough to risk their displeasure. The hardliner, naturally, was Teller, who reminded his Livermore colleagues on the panel that a test ban struck at the heart of the lab's very purpose. همکار
constitution
A constitution is a statement of the basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or group, such as the U.S. Constitution. Another very common meaning of constitution is the physical makeup of a person. The noun constitution is from Latin, from constitutus, "set up, established," plus the suffix -ion, meaning "act, state, or condition." So think of a constitution as how a body (yours, the government's) is set up. If you have a strong constitution, it means you don't get sick very often. noun the act of forming or establishing something "the constitution of a PTA group last year" synonyms:establishment, formation, organisation, organization noun law determining the fundamental political principles of a government synonyms:fundamental law, organic law noun the way in which someone or something is composed synonyms:composition, make-up, makeup, physical composition When it was my turn, I pledged to obey and uphold the constitution and to devote myself to the well-being of the republic and its people. The day after the PAC's inaugural conference, I approached Sobukwe for a copy of his presidential address, as well as the constitution and other policy material. The agreement was that voters would elect four hundred representatives to a constituent assembly, which would both write a new constitution and serve as a parliament. I think it's written in the constitution somewhere, like a law passed down from Moses. قانون اساسي
disease
A disease is a health condition that has a specific set of symptoms and traits — such as malaria or heart disease. Disease is not always about the human body being sick. Plants and animals are often the victims of disease. People also use the word disease in a more figurative sense to illustrate just how bad or damaging a negative influence can be — like the disease of greed among capitalists or the disease of plagiarism among college students. noun an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning Many risk factors for chronic diseases are now more common among the less educated than the better educated. How do genes intersect with environments to cause normalcy versus disease? I didn't like the way she said that, as if Tyson were a big disease we needed to get to the hospital, but I followed her down the alley. But she owed it to her mother to see that he didn't catch some shameful disease or, worse, run off with a Turkish girl. مرض
pledged
A pledge is basically very serious formal promise. You can pledge allegiance to your country, you can pledge to keep a secret, and you can pledge a sum of money to a cause. Pledge can be used as both a noun and a verb. As a noun, it can be a solemn promise you've made. Or even the person who makes that promise, like the freshman pledges who take an oath to join a fraternity in college. As a verb, it describes the act of promising. "I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people," vowed Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd President of the United States. noun a binding commitment to do or give or refrain from something "signed a pledge never to reveal the secret" synonyms:assurance noun someone accepted for membership but not yet fully admitted to the group verb promise solemnly and formally "I pledge that I will honor my wife" synonyms:plight verb bind or secure by a pledge "I was pledged to silence" noun a deposit of personal property as security for a debt "his saxophone was in pledge" verb give as a guarantee "I pledge my honor" noun a drink in honor of or to the health of a person or event synonyms:toast verb propose a toast to synonyms:drink, salute, toast, wassail verb pay (an amount of money) as a contribution to a charity or service, especially at regular intervals "I pledged $10 a month to my favorite radio station" synonyms:subscribe He composed a pledge that the Bureau of Education mailed to virtually every school. The Devil in the White City He's been Vincent's best friend for most of the last fifteen years, ever since they made a pledge to each other on a walk. Vincent and Theo: The Van Gogh Brothers Engineer Jim Williams, still on the team with John D. "Jaybird" Bird, was already helping to work toward President Kennedy's pledge of a Moon landing. Hidden Figures "I pledge myself to our rightful sovereign, the King, sir," Mr. Robert said. سوگند ، قسم
Preamble
A preamble is a brief introduction to a speech, like the Preamble to the Constitution that starts out "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union...do ordain and establish this Constitution." Preamble comes from the Latin praeambulus which means "walking before." And that's what a preamble does — it "walks" before a speech, often explaining what's coming. It's like the White Rabbit introducing the Queen of Hearts in Alice in Wonderland. Since it goes before a speech, think of it as a pre-ramble. A preamble is usually used for formal documents; you wouldn't include one in a text to your best friend. noun a preliminary introduction to a statute or constitution (usually explaining its purpose) verb make a preliminary introduction, usually to a formal document I referred them to the preamble of the Freedom Charter: "South Africa belongs to all who live in it, black and white." He said nothing, and he did not smile, but watched her, wondering to what task this preamble led. Write the preamble of the Constitution of the United States. He attacked her savagely, thrusting himself into her without preamble, with unnecessary brutality. پیش مقدمه
response
A response is a reaction to a question, experience, or some other type of stimulus. If you cry at sad movies, you're having an emotional response to the drama that's taking place on the screen. A response can come in many forms, including an answer to a question, an emotional reaction, or a reply. If a teacher asks, "Who invented the phonograph?" She hopes her students will give her the response, "Why, Thomas Edison, of course!" When a parent tells a child not to cross the street when the light is red, he hopes the response will be compliance. noun the speech act of continuing a conversational exchange synonyms:reply noun a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation synonyms:answer, reply noun a phrase recited or sung by the congregation following a versicle by the priest or minister noun the manner in which something is greeted synonyms:reception noun the manner in which an electrical or mechanical device responds to an input signal or a range of input signals noun a result "this situation developed in response to events in Africa" noun a bodily process occurring due to the effect of some antecedent stimulus or agent "his responses have slowed with age" synonyms:reaction Now Turtle was the one surprised by the excited response. The man merely groaned in response, then covered his face with both hands. I waited for my mother's response and hoped that she would say, "No way." Often, we would start this call-and- response ourselves, but that night, other nameless prisoners took the initiative, and the voices from around the prison seemed uncommonly strong as though steeling us for what lay ahead. واکنش
Scenes
A scene is where something happens or happened. How did you know that the thief would return to the scene of the crime? Scene can also describe part of a movie or a play. Did the last scene make you laugh, cry, or fall asleep? There are lots of common phrases that use the word scene. If you "make a scene," you draw attention to yourself with some kind of outburst. If something happens "behind the scenes," the public doesn't know about it. noun the place where some action occurs "the police returned to the scene of the crime" noun the visual percept of a region synonyms:aspect, panorama, prospect, view, vista noun graphic art consisting of the graphic or photographic representation of a visual percept "he painted scenes from everyday life" synonyms:view noun a situation treated as an observable object "the religious scene in England has changed in the last century" synonyms:picture noun a consecutive series of pictures that constitutes a unit of action in a film synonyms:shot noun a display of bad temper "he made a scene" synonyms:conniption, fit, tantrum Constable painted placid scenes of the actual countryside, while Turn er's turbulent storms existed mainly in his imagination. It's the first day without scripts, and we jump right into running some of the big group scenes. And this was his first scene in the film. Each part of the house is treated as a separate pocket of space and as a design element that is integrated into the scene as a whole. صحنه ، منظره
Union
A union is things coming together, or uniting, to make one. When the thirteen colonies that became the United States came together, they formed a union. Marriage is another kind of union. Workers come together to form trade unions so that together they can have a stronger voice negotiating with their employer. The word famously occurs in the Preamble (the introduction) to the United States Constitution: "We the people of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union...do ordain and establish this Constitution...." You may recognize the Latin root unum in union, as in e pluribus unum "from many, one," the motto on the seal of the United States. the state of being joined or united or linked "there is strength in union" noun:the state of being joined or united or linked "there is strength in union" synonyms:unification noun:the act of making or becoming a single unit "the union of opposing factions" synonyms:conjugation, jointure, unification, uniting noun:the occurrence of a uniting of separate parts "lightning produced an unusual union of the metals" noun:a set containing all and only the members of two or more given sets "let C be the union of the sets A and B" synonyms:join, sum noun: a political unit formed from previously independent people or organizations noun: an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer "you have to join the union in order to get a job" synonyms:brotherhood, labor union, trade union, trades union adjective:of trade unions "the union movement" "union negotiations" "a union-shop clause in the contract" Synonyms: closed requiring union membership organised, organized, unionised, unionized being a member of or formed into a labor union noun:the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce) "God bless this union" synonyms:marriage, matrimony, spousal relationship, wedlock noun:the act of pairing a male and female for reproductive purposes synonyms:conjugation, coupling, mating, pairing, sexual union noun:healing process involving the growing together of the edges of a wound or the growing together of broken bones synonyms:conglutination noun:a device on a national flag emblematic of the union of two or more sovereignties (typically in the upper inner corner) Lydia pointed to a flyer for an open mic night at the student union. For one thing, since when did Dad care what the union thought? There is a moment just before the Communion when members of the congregation shake hands to dramatize a union. "But you wouldn't mind belonging to a union, would you?" the girl asked. اتحاد،پیوند
accelerate
Accelerate means to speed up. A car accelerates when you step on the gas. You can accelerate the process of getting a visa if you happen to know someone who works in the consulate. The fastest Amtrak trains are called the Acela line, a made-up word intended to suggest accelerate and therefore communicate that these trains are fast. If you are standing close to one when it zooms by, you may find yourself having an accelerated heart rate — they move pretty fast! verb move faster "The car accelerated" synonyms:quicken, speed, speed up verb cause to move faster "He accelerated the car" synonyms:speed, speed up The answer is that when our unconscious engages in thin-slicing, what we are doing is an automated, accelerated unconscious version of what Gottman does with his videotapes and equations. Her breathing accelerates and she grimaces a little. Their raft surged forward, and he grabbed for balance as they accelerated. With multiple crosses in parallel, the production of data accelerated. سرعت بخشیدن
abrupt
An abrupt decision is one you make suddenly. An abrupt halt is one the Road Runner comes to when reaching an abrupt drop-off — you'd hear brakes squealing. Because being abrupt with someone is often a way of showing them that you are angry, you often apologize for the appearance of it. "I'm sorry I was abrupt. I was rushing to get to class." The root of abrupt is Latin rumpere "to break," which also gives us rupture "break" and interrupt "break into." adjective exceedingly sudden and unexpected "came to an abrupt stop" "an abrupt change in the weather" Synonyms:suddenhappening without warning or in a short space of time adjective marked by sudden changes in subject and sharp transitions "abrupt prose" synonyms:disconnected disconnected, staccato(music) marked by or composed of disconnected parts or sounds; cut short crisply adjective surprisingly and unceremoniously brusque in manner "an abrupt reply" Synonyms:discourteousshowing no courtesy; rude adjective extremely steep "an abrupt canyon" synonyms:precipitous, sharp steephaving a sharp inclination The men fell silent, piecing together the rumors of one giant bomb vaporizing Hiroshima and the abrupt end to the war. Jemmy made an abrupt turn, pulling the prince deeper into the main sewer. She is nice to me but abrupt with my mother, leading me to believe that the kindergarten teacher isn't the only person in town who my mother thinks is not doing her job right. With an abrupt scrape of wood Matthew pushed back his chair. ناگهانی
Aurora
An aurora consists of bands of light in the sky along the north and south poles. An aurora is a beautiful astronomical light show. If you look up at night and see bright bands of light, it's not an invasion by aliens: it's a natural, electrical phenomenon called an aurora. An aurora can happen at either of the Earth's magnetic poles, north or south. An aurora is considered one of the most gorgeous natural occurrences, and you're lucky if you see one. The two types of auroras are called aurora borealis and aurora australis — which mean northern lights and southern lights, respectively. noun an atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands of light caused by charged solar particles following the earth's magnetic lines of force noun the first light of day synonyms:break of day, break of the day, cockcrow, dawn, dawning, daybreak, dayspring, first light, morning, sunrise, sunup These would produce fabulous auroras, shimmering curtains of spooky light that would fill the whole sky. And there it was again: the spangled ring, his personal aurora. A stream of dancing lights, for all the world like the shimmering curtains of the aurora, blazed across the screen. A glimpse, a pale shimmer on the air; a glow, aurora, dance of electrons, then a face again, faces. شفق قطبی ،سپیده دم
associate
As a verb, associate can mean to make a connection between things or concepts. You might associate the smell of lemons with summer memories of selling lemonade. Or, with polishing your furniture with Lemon Pledge. As a noun, in employment, an associate is someone who is in a junior position. You might hear about associates at law firms, hoping to make partner one day. However, some companies also use associate to mean any employee, regardless of rank or seniority. The noun associate can also mean a friend or someone you keep company with. And, as a verb, associate can also mean to keep company with — like when you were associating with activists at the protest march. verb bring or come into association or action synonyms:consociate verb make a logical or causal connection synonyms:colligate, connect, link, link up, relate, tie in verb keep company with; hang out with "He associates with strange people" synonyms:affiliate, assort, consort noun a person who joins with others in some activity or endeavor "he had to consult his associate before continuing" noun a friend who is frequently in the company of another synonyms:companion, comrade, familiar, fellow noun any event that usually accompanies or is closely connected with another "first was the lightning and then its thunderous associate" noun a person with subordinate membership in a society, institution, or commercial enterprise "associates in the law firm bill at a lower rate than do partners" adjective having partial rights and privileges or subordinate status "an associate member" "an associate professor" Synonyms:low-level, subordinatelower in rank or importance noun a degree granted by a two-year college on successful completion of the undergraduates course of studies synonyms:associate degree "Are you Kainene's business associate? Are you in oil?" he asked. He was always charming and cordial, but there were times when even these traits failed to put his business associates at ease. o doubts,' asked Newton's associate Roger Cotes, 'if gravity be the cause of the descent of a stone in Europe, but that it is also the cause of the same descent in America?' Suddenly it won't seem so hard to associate positive things with black people. صفت:وابسته اسم:معاون فعل:پیوستن
effort
Effort has to do with how much work you're putting into something. A great achievement can also be considered a great effort. Effort has to do with how hard you're trying. If something is easy, it doesn't take much effort. If it's hard, it takes a lot of effort. Effort is about trying to get something done, even if it doesn't always work out. In sports, coaches don't like losing, but they really hate it when the players aren't giving much effort. There are also large scale, collective efforts, like the effort to cure cancer. noun use of physical or mental energy; hard work "he got an A for effort" synonyms:elbow grease, exertion, sweat, travail noun earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something "made an effort to cover all the reading material" synonyms:attempt, endeavor, endeavour, try noun a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end "contributed to the war effort" synonyms:campaign, cause, crusade, drive, movement noun a notable achievement "the book was her finest effort" synonyms:exploit, feat His knuckles were white with the effort it took him to keep his fingers clutched in his hair. As indicated earlier, any effort to downsize dramatically our nation's prisons would inspire fierce resistance by those faced with losing jobs, investments, and other benefits provided by the current system. Christina laughs, maybe a little harder than my comment warrants, but I appreciate the effort. The problem was that most of Kennedy's efforts weren't producing the desired effect. تلاش
aviation
If it has to do with flying or operating a plane, it has to do with aviation. If someone tells you that he's in aviation school, that means he is learning how to fly a plane. Aviation comes from the Latin avis meaning "bird," an appropriate translation given that aviation deals with travel by air, specifically in a plane. The aviation industry is the business sector dedicated to manufacturing and operating all types of aircraft. Air traffic controllers, when they are awake, are concerned with aviation safety. noun the art of operating aircraft synonyms:airmanship noun the operation of aircraft to provide transportation noun travel via aircraft synonyms:air, air travel noun the aggregation of a country's military aircraft synonyms:air power Haber left Germany after the war and shared his knowledge of aviation medicine with the U.S. As one of the world's top pilots, she knew that the next aviation frontier was space. With all that aviation gasoline around, it was dangerous. In an effort to stop Japan, President Franklin Roosevelt imposed ever-increasing embargoes on materiel, such as scrap metal and aviation fuel. هواپیمایی
eligible
If you get good grades, volunteer at the hospital, play varsity sports, and write for your school paper, you might be eligible for a college scholarship. If you're eligible for something, you're either qualified for it or allowed to do it. You're eligible for unemployment benefits if you've recently been laid off, but not if you've never had a job in the first place. You may not be eligible to enter a sweepstakes if you work for the company giving away the money. Neither your dog nor your friend from Australia is eligible to run for president of the United States, but you might be! adjective qualified for or allowed or worthy of being chosen "eligible to run for office" "eligible for retirement benefits" "an eligible bachelor" Synonyms:bailableeligible for baildesirable, suitable, worthyworthy of being chosen especially as a spouseentitledqualified for by right according to lawin lineawaiting something; especially something duelegalallowed by official rulespensionableentitled to receive a pensionqualifiedmeeting the proper standards and requirements and training for an office or position or task I suddenly realize that Russell will be eligible to play for our basketball team. "He might got him a quick lip, but Captain Stewart is the one eligible." At the rate he was going, he would no longer be eligible for football once he received his grade for the six-week period. "Frank, what leaders are you talking about, getting invited to Brussels? Who on earth around here is eligible for a thing like that?" واجد شرایط
inoculate
If you inoculate someone, you try to make him immune to a disease by injecting a little dose of it, so his body can make antibodies to fight it off. When you were little you probably got a vaccine to inoculate you against smallpox. When inoculate first came into English in the 15th century, it referred to inserting a bud onto another plant. Now you're more likely to hear it used to describe the process of building up immunity to a disease by giving someone a vaccine, which also involves the insertion of foreign matter. You can also inoculate someone metaphorically, with ideas. verb impregnate with the virus or germ of a disease in order to render immune verb perform vaccinations or produce immunity in by inoculation synonyms:immunise, immunize, vaccinate verb introduce a microorganism into verb introduce an idea or attitude into the mind of "My teachers inoculated me with their beliefs" verb insert a bud for propagation In contrast, mice inoculated with the rough strain mounted an immune response and survived. Afterward, they returned to the long tables where each squadron sat beneath the squadron emblem, pouring drinks, laughing, the spirit of the evening inoculating them slowly. "Just inoculate them? I want to be the one who tells them." Sometime late one evening, Cohen inoculated a vat of sterile bacterial broth with a single colony of bacterial cells with the gene hybrids. ایمن کردن
rural
Rural means "relating to or characteristic of the country or the people who live there." If you move to a rural area, you won't see a lot of skyscrapers or taxis — but you'll probably see a lot of trees. You may have known people who live on country roads--mail to their houses must be addressed to a rural route, abbreviated as RR. Rustic is a near synonym but emphasizes the supposed qualities of country people: being simple, awkward, and even rude and rough. The adjective rural descends from Middle English, from Old French, from Latin rūrālis, from rūs "the country." adjective living in or characteristic of farming or country life "rural people" "large rural households" "unpaved rural roads" "an economy that is basically rural" Synonyms:agrarian, agricultural, farmingrelating to rural mattersagrestic, rusticcharacteristic of the fields or countryarcadian, bucolic, pastoral(used with regard to idealized country life) idyllically rusticcampestralof fields or open countrycountrified, countryfied, rusticcharacteristic of rural lifecountry-bredrough and uncouthcountry-styletypical of the countrycracker-barrel, folksy, homespuncharacteristic of country lifehobnailedmarked by the wearing of heavy boots studded with hobnails adjective of or relating to the countryside as opposed to the city "rural electrification" "rural free delivery" In 1957, spurred by the efforts of the ANC Women's League, women all across the country, in rural areas and in cities, reacted with fury to the state's insistence that they cairry passes. In the early 1950s rural areas suddenly awoke from their trance and discovered that kudzu was eating them alive. This is how some people in rural areas of Zimbabwe are born. Abandoning agriculture in favor of manufacturing, he forced many of the nation's rural dwellers into unheated apartment buildings. روستایی و رعیتی
brief
Something brief is short and to the point. If you make a brief visit, you don't stay long. If you make a brief statement, you use few words. If you wear brief shorts, you are showing a little too much leg. As a noun, a brief is a condensed summary or abstract, especially a legal summary of a case. Lawyers submit pretrial briefs to the court outlining the witnesses for the prosecution or defense. As a verb, brief means to give essential information to someone — like the President gets briefed on important matters. adjective of short duration or distance "a brief stay in the country" Synonyms:shortprimarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration verb give essential information to someone "The reporters were briefed about the President's plan to invade" noun a document stating the facts and points of law of a client's case synonyms:legal brief "A brief pulsation in the black hole of eternity. My advice to you—" "Wait and see," I said. Four times during the first six days they were assembled and briefed and then sent back. As I stared at the key in the palm of my hand, I felt a brief jolt of panic. He pauses and meets my eye for a brief second. مختصر
immediate
Something immediate is happening now or right away. If you're in immediate danger, you'd better run or call 911. Immediate is a word that pretty much means "now." If you take immediate action, then there's no delay. If you need immediate assistance, you can't wait for assistance. The related word immediately should be a clue, since it also means "right now." If something is happening later, or it happened a long time ago, or you have to wait for it at all, then it's not immediate. adjective immediately before or after as in a chain of cause and effect "the immediate result" "the immediate cause of the trouble" Synonyms:proximateclosest in degree or order (space or time) especially in a chain of causes and effects adjective performed with little or no delay "an immediate reply to my letter" synonyms:prompt, quick, straightaway fastacting or moving or capable of acting or moving quickly فوری
campus
The land and various buildings that make up a college are its campus. If you live on campus, you'll be close to your classes. When you hear the word campus, you generally think of a college or university, which include libraries and labs and classrooms and dormitories, all of which make up a campus. Other institutions, including hospitals, high schools, and some companies' office buildings, also have campuses. The word campus is Latin for "a field" or "an expanse surrounded." noun:a field on which the buildings of a university are situated My vision is to put every American man or woman on a campus. "He didn't want to deal with the stress of getting on campus." One afternoon, Hall was asked to report to a meeting room in the physics lab building on campus. It wasn't far from campus, and it seemed like an innocuous enough destination for cheap food and a little change of scenery. محوطه دانشگاه فضای باز
attend
The verb attend means to be present, to listen, or give care or attention to. You can attend your family reunion, attend to a project you've been ignoring, or attend to your teacher's voice. When you use attend as "pay attention" or "take care of," it's followed by "to." When you use attend as in "attend a party," you don't. If you attend a political rally, you'll want to attend to what the politicians have to say. When you take attendance, you are checking which students have chosen to attend class, i.e. who is in attendance. verb accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result "Menuhin's playing was attended by a 15-minute standing ovation" verb take charge of or deal with "I must attend to this matter" synonyms:look, see, take care In other neighborhoods, a quarter attend Mass. Neighbors confronted the priest. He felt so confident that he even wrote a letter, on Klan letterhead, introducing himself to the North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation and inviting them to attend a Klavern meeting. here were more important things to attend to now than petty conflicts— namely, the many exotic dangers of the journey we were about to undertake. It was one of their grandmother's requests disguised as a suggestion, one which seemed innocuous enough, that Caroline attend Radcliffe College. توجه کردن ، گوش کردن
exist
The verb exist means to live, to have reality. Dodos no longer exist because they were hunted to extinction. It's not only "live" things that exist. The government exists, as does your fear of heights. Anything that can be acknowledged in the present, exists. Another meaning for the verb exist is to support oneself or survive. If someone doesn't have a job, they may have to exist on unemployment benefits until they find one. verb have an existence, be extant synonyms:be verb support oneself "he could barely exist on such a low wage" synonyms:live, subsist, survive endure, go, hold out, hold up, last, live, live on, survivecontinue to live through hardship or adversity وجود داشتن ، بودن
converted
Think of the word convert as meaning "change," whether it is a person who adopts a new belief, or a changing action, such as when you convert dollars into euros. Many times we can catch a word's meaning by looking at its origins. In this case, the Latin con means "around," while vertere means "turn." So we can figure that convert means to "turn around," an object or one's thoughts on an idea. For example, you might convert a meat eater into a vegetarian or an empty-nester might convert the kids' bedroom into an exercise room. verb change the nature, purpose, or function of something "convert lead into gold" "convert hotels into jails" "convert slaves to laborers" verb change in nature, purpose, or function; undergo a chemical change "The substance converts to an acid" verb change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy "We converted from 220 to 110 Volt" synonyms:change over verb make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something synonyms:convince, win over verb cause to adopt a new or different faith "The missionaries converted the Indian population" verb change religious beliefs, or adopt a religious belief "She converted to Buddhism" noun a person who has been converted to another religious or political belief verb exchange or replace with another, usually of the same kind or category "Could you convert my dollars into pounds?" "convert centimeters into inches" "convert holdings into shares" synonyms:change, commute, exchange change, shift, switchlay aside, abandon, or leave for another verb exchange a penalty for a less severe one synonyms:commute, exchange verb complete successfully verb score (a spare) verb score an extra point or points after touchdown by kicking the ball through the uprights or advancing the ball into the end zone "Smith converted and his team won" تبدیل شده
authorize
To authorize is to give official approval or clearance for something. Authorizing can also delegate power to someone. Authorities are people with power, and to authorize is to use or grant some of that power to another. A visa authorizes you to visit a specific country. A search warrant authorizes the police to search a house. A doctor's note authorizes someone to miss work or school. Also, authorizing can be a form of delegating powers or responsibilities. The president of a company could authorize a worker to make a particular decision. Authorizing officially allows something to happen. verb grant authorization or clearance for "The rock star never authorized this slanderous biography" synonyms:authorise, clear, pass verb give or delegate power or authority to "She authorized her assistant to sign the papers" synonyms:authorise, empower "Let's start with you authorizing my satellite time." It also says the Bishop of Jerusalem of the Arab Episcopal Church authorizes it. This, Mr. Byerley, is a court order authorizing me to search these premises for the presence of illegal...uh...mechanical men or robots of any description." Elijah Muhammad would authorize for me any amount that I asked for. اجازه دادن ،اختیار دادن ،ترخیص کردن
establish
To establish something means to begin it or bring it about. If you want everyone in your family to bring you chocolate every evening, you can establish a "Chocolates for Me" policy requiring it. Establish is related to stable through its Latin roots and has many meanings, but all have the feel of building on a stable foundation. Besides the meaning of setting a policy, establish can also mean to prove one's value. You should establish yourself in a community before you try to bring change to it. Similarly, if you like to debate controversial issues, you'd best begin with facts that have been established and are not open to question. If you have a lot of money and want to build up your community, you can establish, or found, a school or library there. verb set up or found synonyms:found, launch, set up verb set up or lay the groundwork for "establish a new department" synonyms:constitute, found, institute, plant verb institute, enact, or establish synonyms:lay down, make verb place synonyms:instal, install, set up verb bring about "The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth" synonyms:give generate, give, render, return, yieldgive or supply verb build or establish something abstract synonyms:build verb use as a basis for; found on synonyms:base, found, ground verb establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment synonyms:demonstrate, prove, shew, show Several professorships of "race biology" and racial hygiene were established at German universities, and racial science was routinely taught at medical school. But when he looked at the baby girl and saw that she was the image of himself, he stepped back, and said, "u zindzile," which means, "You are well established." Newton's God did not direct individual arrows to their targets; he established the laws that determined the flight of each and every arrow. Ptolemy II established the Library and vowed to collect one copy of every manuscript in existence. برقرار کردن ، ساختن
ordain
To ordain is to make someone a minister, priest, monk, or other member of the clergy. In the Catholic church, for example, a bishop ordains new priests. When you say that people have been ordained, you usually mean that they've been invested with special religion-related powers. In many Buddhist traditions, senior monks ordain new monks and, increasingly, female monks (or nuns) as well. Occasionally, this chiefly religious verb is used to mean "officially declare" or "decree" in a secular matter, as when a court ordains desegregation. verb invest with ministerial or priestly authority "The minister was ordained only last month" verb appoint to a clerical posts "he was ordained in the Church" synonyms:consecrate, order, ordinate verb order by virtue of superior authority; decree "The King ordained the persecution and expulsion of the Jews" synonyms:enact verb issue an order Perhaps it is not chance, but the work of some divinity that guides our unknowing steps to their ordained destination. Religions assert that our laws are not the result of human caprice, but are ordained by an absolute and supreme authority. He was newly ordained, waiting to be assigned a parish, he told us. It was a condition of nearly all Oxford and Cambridge fellowships that the holder was ordained, so nearly every academic in England was a clergyman. مقرر داشتن
postpone
To postpone something is to put it off until later. You can postpone an appointment today and reschedule it for tomorrow. Anything you're putting for is being postponed: people postpone things they don't have time to do or just don't want to do. Since doctor and dental appointments are no fun, people postpone them a lot. You can postpone small things, like going to the store or watching a video. The government can postpone big things, like the passing of bills or the invasion of another country. People who procrastinate are constantly postponing. When you see the word postpone, think "Later!" verb hold back to a later time "let's postpone the exam" synonyms:defer, hold over, prorogue, put off, put over, remit, set back, shelve, table The sacred mission of the Triple Alliance, Tlacaelel proclaimed, was to furnish this vital substance to Huitzilopochtli, who would then use it for the sun, postponing the death of everyone on the planet. Launch number two was also postponed, this time due to an electrical storm. Usually High Blade Xenocrates did nothing but mediate and postpone discussions for a later date. Thermonuclear reactions in the solar interior support the outer layers of the Sun and postpone for billions of years a catastrophic gravitational collapse. بتعویق انداختن
reache
To reach is to stretch toward something, arrive at a destination, or contact someone. You might reach for a bottle of water after you reach the finish line, then reach out to a friend who can give you a ride home. Tall people often have a really long reach - they can practically grab something from across the room. If you do what your dad says long after he's gone, his reach is long lasting. You can reach for a glass on a high shelf or reach the age you can get your driver's license. When people reach out, they try to make a connection, like an old phone company's slogan: "Reach out and touch someone." verb:move forward or upward in order to touch; also in a metaphorical sense "Government reaches out to the people" synonyms:reach out verb:to extend as far as "The sunlight reached the wall" ""Can he reach?" "The chair must not touch the wall" synonyms:extend to, touch verb:reach a destination, either real or abstract "The water reached the doorstep" synonyms:arrive at, attain, gain, hit, make makereach in time verb:be in or establish communication with "Our advertisements reach millions" synonyms:contact, get hold of, get through noun:the act of physically reaching or thrusting out synonyms:reaching, stretch verb:reach a point in time, or a certain state or level "This car can reach a speed of 140 miles per hour" synonyms:attain, hit verb:to gain with effort synonyms:accomplish, achieve, attain verb:reach a goal, e.g., "make the first team" synonyms:get to, make, progress to verb:to exert much effort or energy synonyms:strain, strive noun:the limits within which something can be effective "he was beyond the reach of their fire" synonyms:range noun:an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet" "outside the reach of the law" synonyms:ambit, compass, orbit, range, scope noun:the limit of capability synonyms:compass, grasp, range verb:place into the hands or custody of synonyms:give, hand, pass, pass on, turn over Francis and I were already in London when the scandal reached the Royal Society. We all huddled around the screen when two hands reached in and snagged the laptop away. "On the plane he asked a captain to wake him up when we reached Cong City. " When he reached the mountain path where the hand fight happened, the Prince did not even bother dismounting. رسیدن
scramble
To scramble is to move quickly in a disorganized fashion, like people running to get out of the rain. When you scramble a message, it can no longer be read. Have you ever run somewhere, in a hurry, with no regard for how you looked? Then you scrambled. Quarterbacks scramble when they need to escape defenders trying to clobber them. A scramble is not graceful; people scramble when they want to get somewhere fast. Also, scrambling refers to altering a message so others can't read it. Putting a message into code is a type of scrambling. Scrambled messages are like scrambled eggs: all mixed up. Definitions of scramble verb move hurriedly "The friend scrambled after them" verb climb awkwardly, as if by scrambling synonyms:clamber, shin, shinny, skin, sputter, struggle noun an unceremonious and disorganized struggle synonyms:scuffle noun rushing about hastily in an undignified way synonyms:scamper, scurry verb bring into random order synonyms:jumble, throw together verb make unintelligible "scramble the message so that nobody can understand it" verb stir vigorously synonyms:beat They scrambled down a steep cut and up the other side, using roots for handholds. As he scrambled down the rocky slope, his thoughts raced. I scramble to shove the necklace down the front of my dress. He turned his back on her, and Sefia fell silent as sailors began scrambling into the rigging. تقلا کردن
supply
To supply the definition of a word is to provide that definition. That's supply used as a verb. If you're talking about the noun, however, then the supply is the thing itself. People who think the world is coming to an end generally like to keep a supply of fresh water on hand. Though, if the world did come to an end, you wouldn't need to supply water to anyone, would you? That's a case of supplying a supply. If there is a big enough demand for ping-pong balls, a person could get rich, if they controlled the supply. Having to supply all those balls could be exhausting, though. verb circulate or distribute or equip with "supply blankets for the beds" synonyms:issue verb give something useful or necessary to synonyms:furnish, provide, render verb give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance synonyms:cater, ply, provide verb state or say further "`It doesn't matter,' he supplied" synonyms:add, append noun the activity of supplying or providing something synonyms:provision, supplying noun an amount of something available for use noun offering goods and services for sale She did this last year when she didn't want to buy my school supplies. In critical locations, Airwalk failed to supply enough product for the back-to- school season, and its once loyal distributors began to turn against it. She concludes the list with, "And of course we thank our anonymous contributor of, ahem, supplies, for the Home Help Sanitation Initiative." "Just need to get some supplies from the back." موجودی ،تولید کردن
indefinitely
Use the adverb indefinitely to describe something that happens for an unlimited amount of time or to an unlimited extent. Kittens could bat around a ball of string indefinitely. When your cousin postpones her wedding indefinitely after her fiancé's "business trip" to Las Vegas, you probably want to hold off on buying a gift. They may work things out, but sometimes people intend indefinitely to be synonymous with forever. Like, "We can't keep fighting over that weekend I spent in Las Vegas indefinitely..." adverb to an indefinite extent; for an indefinite time "this could go on indefinitely" Any plans for a new game were postponed indefinitely. Repeated indefinitely, as though by a train of mirrors, two faces, one a hairless and freckled moon haloed in orange, the other a thin, beaked bird-mask, stubbly with two days' beard, turned angrily towards him. My hope of finding my family plummeted when I learned that I was to stay there indefinitely. But normal human cells —either in culture or in the human body—can't grow indefinitely like cancer cells. برای مدت نامحدود
administration
Use the word administration to describe the group of people running an organization: "University administration declared Wednesday a snow day and sent everyone home early." You've probably heard the noun administration used to describe a political group, such as the Bush administration or the Obama administration. It can also be used to refer to the daily activities involved in running a group or a program: "Carla handles the administration of the summer camp." noun the act of governing; exercising authority synonyms:governance, governing, government, government activity noun a method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especially the group's business affairs) synonyms:disposal noun the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something "he claims that the present administration is corrupt" synonyms:brass, establishment, governance, governing body, organisation, organization "A prank designed to lull the administration into a false sense of security," the Colonel answered, annoyed by the distraction. g for AlaskaMamaji studied in Paris for two years, thanks to the colonial administration. "Seems as though they understood something the Granger administration doesn't." The Reagan administration did not oppose the disappearance of hundreds of small meatpacking firms. ،گروه های حکومتی ،مدیریت ، حکومت
regiment
Use the word regiment to describe a military unit that is smaller than a division: "Geoff's new regiment consisted of three battalions that had been based in Alabama." Most often used as a noun to describe a military unit made up of several battalions, the word regiment can also be used as a verb. If you ever need to assign troops to a regiment, you might say something like, "Next week I will regiment the ground forces arriving from North Dakota." The verb form can also be used in a more general sense to describe any action that is characterized by strict order or control: "Her diet is strictly regimented to include only Sugar Babies." noun army unit smaller than a division verb form (military personnel) into a regiment verb subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization "regiment one's children" verb assign to a regiment "regiment soldiers" Every day Johnny knew what orders were given to the Tenth and he knew other boys and men and women and girls were as carefully watching the actions of the other ten regiments in Boston. I am not now speaking of the popular idea of regimenting people's thought; I'm speaking of the implicit, almost unconscious, or pre-conscious, assumptions and ideals upon which whole nations and races act and live. A detail from a New York regiment carried Reynolds away, under a blanket. The Killer Angels: The Classic Novel of the Civil War She wanted us to look like something Anglo-Saxon, carved on a tomb; or Christmas card angels, regimented in our robes of purity. دسته دسته کردن،تنظیم کردن
Prevention
When an action stops something from happening, like assigning extra teachers to watch a playground during recess to prevent bullying, it's called prevention. The noun prevention comes up most often when people are trying to keep something bad in check, like crime, disease, or forest fires. Educating kids about nutrition is one form of obesity prevention, for example, and lowering speed limits can help with accident prevention. The word prevent is at the root of prevention, and it comes from the Latin praeventus, "anticipate or hinder." noun the act of preventing "money was allocated to study the cause and prevention of influenza" synonyms:bar Probably "the goal of curing the victims of cancer is more exciting, more tangible, more glamorous and rewarding than prevention," says Dr. Hueper. She wanted to create a grassroots movement toward prevention, and so she began setting up seminars in black churches around the city. —If you work for the suicide prevention team, you didn't do a very good job, did you? She didn't bombard the airwaves with a persistent call for prevention and testing. جلوگیری
upended
When something is upended, it's turned upside down, either literally or figuratively, like an upended chair or an upended work schedule that has been changed from daytime to the night shift. If you walk into your house to discover an upended kitchen table and an empty cake plate on the floor, your Great Dane may be the culprit. Anything that's upended is flipped over or turned on its side. Synonyms include "topsy-turvy" and "upside-down." It's a good adjective for things that feel this way too: "My life is totally upended ever since we moved to Alaska from Hawaii." adjective turned up on end Synonyms:perpendicular, verticalat right angles to the plane of the horizon or a base line He took the horn, upended it, belched, wiped his mouth. They watched as hog after hog was upended and whisked screaming down the cable into the butchering chambers below, where men with blood-caked knifes expertly cut their throats. Peering through the mists, he glimpsed a broken spire, a headless hero, an ancient tree tom from the ground and upended, its huge roots twisting through the roof and windows of a broken dome. Even as Johnny upended a chest and helped get the tea over the rail, he kept an eye on Dove. از کار افتاده
encourage
When you encourage someone, you give him or her the courage or confidence to do something, like when you encourage your little brother to play harder by yelling his name from the sidelines of the soccer field. The word encourage comes from the Old French word encoragier, meaning "make strong, hearten." When you encourage the tomato plants in your garden, you water them to promote their growth and health. Encourage can also mean to inspire with hope, like when you encourage your friends to try out for the school play by complimenting their singing and acting talents. verb inspire with confidence; give hope or courage to verb spur on "His financial success encouraged him to look for a wife" verb contribute to the progress or growth of synonyms:advance, boost, further, promote They promote personal ambition by encouraging competition for the highest grades. Elizabeth Cady Stanton's husband, Henry, encouraged his wife and her friend Susan B. Anthony to lead work in support of the amendment. They were free to determine both the crime and the sentence, and references to cellmates were strongly encouraged. He encouraged me and taught me how to approach people around our city and state and ask for their help. تشويق كردن
alternative
When you're facing a fork in the road, you have two possibilities, or alternatives. You could take the left fork and see where it leads, or you could choose the path that goes to the right. Whenever there is an alternative, it involves a choice. A wealthy student has the choice of going to a public school, or the alternative, a private school. Alternative can also refer to a different way of doing things, outside the norm. You might say that a hermit who lives in remote a cave with a pet turtle is living an alternative lifestyle. noun one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen "there no other alternative" synonyms:choice, option adjective necessitating a choice between mutually exclusive possibilities "alternative possibilities were neutrality or war" Synonyms:disjunctiveserving or tending to divide or separate adjective serving or used in place of another "an alternative plan" synonyms:alternate, substitute secondarybeing of second rank or importance or value; not direct or immediate adjective pertaining to unconventional choices "an alternative life style" Synonyms:unconventionalnot conventional or conformist Then, she took me down to the import section and told me about "real" alternative music. They did not submit to the obvious alternative, which was simply to close the eyes and fall. I must continue to believe it, because the alternative is too awful. Sometimes it's part of the guilt and grieving process—to consider suicide as an alternative to the pain. جایگزین
halt
Whether it's used as a noun or a verb, the word halt means stop. You can remember this by remembering that when you step on the brake to halt your car (verb), it comes to a halt (noun). English draws on both Romance and Germanic languages, and halt is one that comes from the Old High German haltmachen, which means "to hold." The word suggests a stoppage in the midst of action, and a Chinese proverb states, "We are not so much concerned if you are slow as when you come to a halt." Consider, also, that a less-used definition of the word is that of "lame" or disabled, which still ties in with the idea of stopping. verb cause to stop "Halt the engines" "halt the presses" synonyms:arrest, hold verb stop from happening or developing "Halt the process" synonyms:block, kibosh, stop verb stop the flow of a liquid synonyms:stanch, staunch, stem verb come to a halt, stop moving synonyms:stop noun an interruption or temporary suspension of progress or movement "a halt in the arms race" synonyms:freeze noun the state of inactivity following an interruption "during the halt he got some lunch" synonyms:arrest, check, hitch, stay, stop, stoppage noun the event of something ending synonyms:kibosh, stop adjective disabled in the feet or legs synonyms:crippled, game, gimpy, halting, lame Emma said, screeching to a halt when she reached the landing. Before the shadows of evening were long in happier lands, they went on again, always on and on with only brief halts. The hinges protested feebly and I halted, fearing someone might still be in the theatre. She halts abruptly when she sees my face. مکث
patient
You are patient if you don't get frustrated or annoyed when you have to wait or deal with difficulties. The band director may show patient leadership, but a football coach uses other methods with his team. It may be difficult to wait for something that takes a long time or deal with someone who is annoying, but if you are patient, you endure these things calmly and without frustration. Endure is the keyword here as patient comes from the Latin verb pati "to suffer, endure." Think of the patient way a chess player wins a game — calmly, steadily and willing to wait for the right time to act. adjective enduring trying circumstances with even temper or characterized by such endurance "a patient smile" "was patient with the children" "an exact and patient scientist" "please be patient" Synonyms:uncomplainingnot complainingdiligent, perseveringquietly and steadily persevering especially in detail or exactnessenduring, long-sufferingpatiently bearing continual wrongs or troubleforbearing, longanimousshowing patient and unruffled self-control and restraint under adversity; slow to retaliate or express resentmentpatient of, tolerantshowing the capacity for enduranceunhurriedcapable of accepting delay with equanimitytolerantshowing respect for the rights or opinions or practices of others noun a person who requires medical care "the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly" noun the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause synonyms:affected role, patient role This clearly wasn't enough, because his patients continued to die. In a recent study of the reaction to dying in patients with obstructive disease of the lungs, it was concluded that the process was considerably more shattering for the professional observers than the observed. Ted spots me and smiles, pushing the patient in my direction. Dayah jumps up to help when she sees Baba with a patient. مریض
offer
You make an offer when you present your willingness to do something. People selling a house wait for the best offer. One person offers something, and another person accepts or rejects it. It's polite to offer guests something to drink and to offer a friend some space under your umbrella. A marriage proposal is a type of offer. A threat of violence is "an offer you can't refuse" in The Godfather. This word can mean a religious act as well, or — more grossly — the kind of offering a cat makes when it offers a dead mouse to its owner. verb present for acceptance or rejection "She offered us all a cold drink" synonyms:proffer verb put forward for consideration "He offered his opinion" verb offer verbally "He offered his sympathy" synonyms:extend extendmake available; provide verb ask (someone) to marry you synonyms:declare oneself, pop the question, propose verb threaten to do something "I offered to leave the committee if they did not accept my proposal" verb agree freely "I offered to help with the dishes but the hostess would not hear of it" synonyms:volunteer verb propose a payment "The Swiss dealer offered $2 million for the painting" synonyms:bid, tender verb produce or introduce on the stage "The Shakespeare Company is offering `King Lear' this month" noun the verbal act of offering "a generous offer of assistance" synonyms:offering noun something offered (as a proposal or bid) synonyms:offering verb make available or accessible, provide or furnish "The conference center offers a health spa" "The hotel offers private meeting rooms" verb make available; provide "The bank offers a good deal on new mortgages" synonyms:extend extendoffer verbally verb make available for sale "The stores are offering specials on sweaters this week" verb present as an act of worship "offer prayers to the gods" synonyms:offer up verb mount or put up "offer resistance" synonyms:provide, put up noun a usually brief attempt synonyms:crack, fling, go, pass, whirl He offered her oatmeal, but she waved it away. 'I've heard of you, Kekrops. You were the first to offer sacrifices to Athena. You built her first shrine on the Acropolis.' They offered to play a tribute, but Ms. Byrd thanked them kindly and firmly and said, "No blues music of any kind." We ate at home, but Grandma said they'd be offering free lemonade. پیشنهاد
homebound
adjective confined usually by illness synonyms:housebound, shut-in confinednot free to move about noun people who are confined to their homes But she also felt reproved for her homebound boredom. Lola hooks her arm with mine and we spin, tape guns in the air, around our homebound boxes. Or she went to New Hampshire, to see her mother, who'd been more or less depressed and homebound for the last three years. Schools shuttered without a plan for how to teach homebound kids.
Byzantine
adjective of or relating to or characteristic of the Byzantine Empire or the ancient city of Byzantium noun a native or inhabitant of Byzantium or of the Byzantine Empire adjective of or relating to the Eastern Orthodox Church or the rites performed in it "Byzantine monks" "Byzantine rites" adjective highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious "the Byzantine tax structure" "Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship" synonyms:convoluted, involved, knotty, tangled, tortuous complex There were many bright spots in art and architecture, from the splendor of the Byzantine court in Constantinople to the majesty of Gothic cathedrals. After the age of Justinian, the development of Byzantine art and architecture was disrupted by the Iconoclastic Controversy, which began with an imperial edict of 726 prohibiting religious images. In fact, the most precious Byzantine icons are miniature mosaics done on panels, rather than paintings. Cavallini's style is an astonishing blend of Byzantine, Roman, and Early Christian elements. روم شرقی
roughly
adverb (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct "roughly $3,000" synonyms:about, approximately, around, close to, just about, more or less, or so, some The fat policeman drags Dutchy over to Mrs. Scatcherd, and Licorice Breath, following his lead, yanks me roughly by the arm. But that is still 150 million people, roughly the size of the entire U.S. workforce. Mother chased him with bandages but he batted her roughly away and went outside to pace the porch. A standard motif in science fiction and UFO literature assumes extraterrestrials roughly as capable as we. تقریباً
tight deadline
limited time مهلت محدود
ministration
noun assistance in time of difficulty synonyms:relief, succor, succour Having established premeditation of great degree, Green left the witness to the ministrations of the defense. The materialism of domestic life and the excessive ministrations of his mother and his sister, who insisted on feeding and dressing him, irritated him, as did Alba's fascinated pursuit. It's only when I catch Rosie actually purring under August's loving ministrations that my conviction starts to crumble. "Surely a famous courtesan like yourself is accustomed to the ministrations of handmaidens," Theodora said. کمک ، تسکین
play down
verb understate the importance or quality of "he played down his royal ancestry" synonyms:background, downplay There was a band playing down at Klein's hotel, and the strains reached them faintly, tempered by the distance. Such narratives do not play down the epistemological problem of moving from the specific to the universal; they accentuate it. The existence of such residues is either played down by the industry as unimportant or is flatly denied. But I held back because I wanted now to play down his theory. تنزل دادن ، کوچک شمردن
pile up
verb:arrange into piles or stacks "She piled up her books in my living room" synonyms:heap up, stack up verb:get or gather together synonyms:accumulate, amass, collect, compile, hoard, roll up verb:collect or gather "The work keeps piling up" synonyms:accumulate, amass, conglomerate, cumulate, gather Soil, clay, and stone began flowing together and piling up until Hugo was reborn. It took a day and a half of watching the tiny digits pile up: eye-numbing, disorienting work. The books piled up on the wooden desk are ones I recognize—the same books Taryn and I study for our classes. A few weeks ago I started writing a story, something I made up from beginning to end, and I've enjoyed it so much that the products of my pen are piling up. انباشته شدن