Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base
Fluid within the eyeball ____.
Aqueous humor
The force within a fluid compartment and is the major force that pushes water out of the vascular system at the capillary level
Hydrostatic Pressure
The major colloid in the vascular system contributing to the total osmotic pressure
Protein
Increases the reabsorption of calcium and phosphorus from bones to blood
parathyroid hormone
Osmotic pressure exerted by colloids in solution
Oncotic pressure
the amount of pressure required to stop the osmotic flow of water
Osmotic Pressure
The hormone _____is produced by the adrenal cortex and increases the reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidney tubules.
aldosterone
The three buffer systems that help prevent drastic changes in PH of the blood or other body fluids are the _____,__________ and _______systems.
bicarbonate;phosphate;protein
All the water found outside of the cell is called____fluid.
extracellular
To compensate for a state of acidosis, the kidneys will excrete ____ions and will conserve ______ions and _______ions
hydrogen;sodium;bicarbonate
The part of the brain that regulates the water content of the body is the _____.
hypothalamus
The function of ADH is to ______by the kidneys
increase the reabsorption of water
Most electrolytes are ______molecules that includes____,______ and_________.
inorganic;salts;acids;bases
The hormone____is produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the ______pituitary gland.
ADH;posterior
Increases the excretion of sodium by the kidneys
ANP
Increases the reabsorption if sodium by the kidneys; increases the excretion of potassium by the kidneys
Aldosterone
Fluid around and within the CNS_______.
Cerebrospinal fluid
The normal distribution of fluid in the ICF and ECF compartments.
First spacing
Solutions with solutes more concentrated than cells or an increased osmolality
Hypertonic
Increases the osmolality of the ECF and results in expansion of the ECF. It is used in the treatment of hypovolemia and hyponatremia
Hypertonic Solution
Solutions in which the solutes are less concentrated than the cells
Hypotonic
Provide more water than electrolytes, diluting the ECF and producing movement of water from the ECF to the ICF
Hypotonic Solution
Fluids with the same osmolality as the cell
Isotonic
Expands only the ECF
Isotonic solution
Caused by a decrease in the rate or efficiency of respiration;More CO2 is retained in the body; More H+ ions are produced; the PH of the body fluids decreases.
Respiratory acidosis
Caused by a increase in the rate of respiration;More CO2 is exhaled; fewer H+ ions are produced; the PH of the body fluids increases.
Respiratory alkalosis
An abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid (i.e., edema)
Second spacing
Fluid between the membranes such as pleural membranes_____.
Serous
Fluid within the joint cavities________.
Synovial fluid
Fluid accumulates in a portion of the body and it cannot be exchanged easily with the rest of the ECF (e.g., burns, blisters)
Third spacing
The most abundant cation is sodium ,the most abundant anion is chloride, and there are few protein anions
Tissue fluid
Increases the removal of calcium and phosphorus from blood into bones
calcitonin
During dehydration, ADH effects will cause urinary output to ____.
decrease
In what type of situation is ADH secreted?
dehydration
The most abundant cation is potassium and the most abundant anions are phosphate and proteins
intracellular fluid
The water found within the cell is called_____fluid and is about____of the total body water.
intracellular;2/3
______ fluid in lymph vessels
lymph
The two processes by which water moves from one compartment to another are_____and_____.
osmosis;filtration
The most abundant cation is sodium,the most abundant anion is chloride, and there are many protein anions
plasma
______fluid in blood vessels
plasma
To compensate for a state of alkalosis, the kidneys will excrete ____ions and will conserve ______ions and _______ions
sodium;hydrogen;bicarbonate
_____ fluid in tissue spaces between cells
tissue