Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base

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Fluid within the eyeball ____.

Aqueous humor

The force within a fluid compartment and is the major force that pushes water out of the vascular system at the capillary level

Hydrostatic Pressure

The major colloid in the vascular system contributing to the total osmotic pressure

Protein

Increases the reabsorption of calcium and phosphorus from bones to blood

parathyroid hormone

Osmotic pressure exerted by colloids in solution

Oncotic pressure

the amount of pressure required to stop the osmotic flow of water

Osmotic Pressure

The hormone _____is produced by the adrenal cortex and increases the reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidney tubules.

aldosterone

The three buffer systems that help prevent drastic changes in PH of the blood or other body fluids are the _____,__________ and _______systems.

bicarbonate;phosphate;protein

All the water found outside of the cell is called____fluid.

extracellular

To compensate for a state of acidosis, the kidneys will excrete ____ions and will conserve ______ions and _______ions

hydrogen;sodium;bicarbonate

The part of the brain that regulates the water content of the body is the _____.

hypothalamus

The function of ADH is to ______by the kidneys

increase the reabsorption of water

Most electrolytes are ______molecules that includes____,______ and_________.

inorganic;salts;acids;bases

The hormone____is produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the ______pituitary gland.

ADH;posterior

Increases the excretion of sodium by the kidneys

ANP

Increases the reabsorption if sodium by the kidneys; increases the excretion of potassium by the kidneys

Aldosterone

Fluid around and within the CNS_______.

Cerebrospinal fluid

The normal distribution of fluid in the ICF and ECF compartments.

First spacing

Solutions with solutes more concentrated than cells or an increased osmolality

Hypertonic

Increases the osmolality of the ECF and results in expansion of the ECF. It is used in the treatment of hypovolemia and hyponatremia

Hypertonic Solution

Solutions in which the solutes are less concentrated than the cells

Hypotonic

Provide more water than electrolytes, diluting the ECF and producing movement of water from the ECF to the ICF

Hypotonic Solution

Fluids with the same osmolality as the cell

Isotonic

Expands only the ECF

Isotonic solution

Caused by a decrease in the rate or efficiency of respiration;More CO2 is retained in the body; More H+ ions are produced; the PH of the body fluids decreases.

Respiratory acidosis

Caused by a increase in the rate of respiration;More CO2 is exhaled; fewer H+ ions are produced; the PH of the body fluids increases.

Respiratory alkalosis

An abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid (i.e., edema)

Second spacing

Fluid between the membranes such as pleural membranes_____.

Serous

Fluid within the joint cavities________.

Synovial fluid

Fluid accumulates in a portion of the body and it cannot be exchanged easily with the rest of the ECF (e.g., burns, blisters)

Third spacing

The most abundant cation is sodium ,the most abundant anion is chloride, and there are few protein anions

Tissue fluid

Increases the removal of calcium and phosphorus from blood into bones

calcitonin

During dehydration, ADH effects will cause urinary output to ____.

decrease

In what type of situation is ADH secreted?

dehydration

The most abundant cation is potassium and the most abundant anions are phosphate and proteins

intracellular fluid

The water found within the cell is called_____fluid and is about____of the total body water.

intracellular;2/3

______ fluid in lymph vessels

lymph

The two processes by which water moves from one compartment to another are_____and_____.

osmosis;filtration

The most abundant cation is sodium,the most abundant anion is chloride, and there are many protein anions

plasma

______fluid in blood vessels

plasma

To compensate for a state of alkalosis, the kidneys will excrete ____ions and will conserve ______ions and _______ions

sodium;hydrogen;bicarbonate

_____ fluid in tissue spaces between cells

tissue


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