Fluid/ Imbalances

With regard to osmotic pressure, which of the following would cause fluid shifting? Select all that apply.

Albumin Hypertonic fluids Hypotonic fluids Mannitol

The nurse is caring for a patient with fluid volume excess. What conditions might the nurse suspect the patient of having? Select all that apply.

Cirrhosis Adrenal gland disorder Heart failure

Which of the following is the best indicator of kidney function in a patient who is experiencing fluid and electrolyte imbalances?

Creatinine level

22-year-old female patient who is pregnant and admitted with hyperemesis gravidarum.

Crystalloid Crystalloid therapy would be used in fluid replacement for a pregnant patient with hyperemesis. Colloid therapy would not be indicated. The use of colloid therapy would be contraindicated because it would remain in the intravascular space and contribute to fluid shifting and fluid retention.

Which findings could lead to the presence of edema? Select all that apply.

Decreased oncotic pressure Decreased albumin

58-year-old male patient admitted for hypokalemia who requires potassium replacement therapy parentally.

Given in IV solution Potassium replacement therapy is considered to be a high-alert medication and as such should never be administered as an IVP bolus. Safety considerations require that potassium be administered as part of an IV solution.

**Which types of fluid solutions would result in fluid shifting occurring within the body? Select all that apply.

Hypertonic Hypotonic Colloid

A patient has been receiving parenteral therapy while in the hospital. As a result of fluid administration, fluid shifting is noted with the cells of the body becoming more edematous. Which type of fluid would the nurse anticipate being responsible for cellular swelling?

Hypotonic solution

Fluid therapy for a 38-year-old male who has been admitted for an outpatient surgical procedure.

Lactated Ringers For this clinical situation, an isotonic fluid would be indicated for short term fluid therapy. Five percent dextrose in water is a hypotonic fluid that could potentially cause fluid shifts.

A patient is experiencing significant fluid volume excess. Which interventions would the nurse anticipate implementing? Select all that apply.

Limiting daily intake of fluid and sodium Monitoring daily weight Administering diuretics, as ordered

Fluid therapy for a 16-year-old female trauma patient who has head trauma and suspected cerebral edema following an automobile accident.

Mannitol Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic and would be indicated to treat cerebral edema. Albumin would be indicated to treat shock.

An elderly patient who is hypotensive has been admitted to the nursing unit for fluid replacement therapy. What solution would the nurse expect to administer?

Normal saline

80-year-old male patient who is hypotensive admitted for fluid replacement therapy.

Normal saline An isotonic fluid would be indicated for replacement therapy for a hypotensive elderly patient. Three percent normal saline is a hypertonic solution and would cause fluid shifting and worsen cellular dehydration.

Which compensatory mechanism would be initiated in the body in response to a low volume state?

Release of antidiuretic hormone

The nurse is caring for a patient with hyperkalemia and knows to monitor for which of the following cardiac abnormalities? Select all that apply.

Ventricular dysrhythmias Bradycardia