FLVS Anatomy and Physiology - Semester 1 - Module 3

How does neural transmission compare to endocrine signal transmission? (2 points)

Hormones are chemicals from endocrine glands, and neurotransmitters are chemical signals from neurons.

What part of the brain is responsible for making you feel hungry? (2 points)

Hypothalamus

After an accident, a doctor finds damage to the white outer areas of the patient's brain. Which of the following are damaged? (2 points)

Nerve fibers covered with myelin sheaths

2) What is the correct order of a signal being transmitted across a neuromuscular junction? (2 points)

Neuron-neurotransmitter-receptor protein-motor end plate

Which of the following is an example of how the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland work together? (2 points)

Neurons in the hypothalamus stimulate the release of hormones from the pituitary gland that regulates hunger.

In a neuromuscular synapse, which of the following breaks down the neurotransmitter released from the axon? (2 points)

The enzyme acetylcholinesterase

When an action potential reaches a neuromuscular junction, which of the following will happen first? (2 points)

Vesicles containing acetylcholine fuse with the presynaptic membrane.

Parkinson's disease prevents the brain from properly sending motor signals to the consciously moved muscles of the body. This disease would therefore inhibit parts of the (2 points)

peripheral nervous system

Which of the following correctly organizes the major divisions of the nervous system? (2 points)

A

A scientist runs a chemical analysis of two nerve tissues. Tissue A contains a greater composition of fat and protein than tissue B. What is the identity of the two tissues? (2 points)

A = white matter; B = gray matter

A person has a disorder that inhibits the production of thymosin. Which of the following would be a likely result? (2 points)

A weakened immune system

1) What is the correct order of a signal being transmitted across a neuromuscular junction? (2 points)

Arrival of action potential-acetylcholine release-end plate potential-binding of acetylcholinesterase to its substrate

Which letter identifies the corpus callosum? (2 points)

B

Based on the figure above, structure ________ focuses light onto structure _______, allowing light information to be transduced into neural impulses. (2 points)

B; A

What part of the brain is responsible for conscious thinking and decision making? (2 points)

Cerebrum

Enlarged pinnae would have which effect on the body? (2 points)

Decrease a person's ability to hear because pinnae funnel sound into the ear canal

Which part of a reflex arc would connect a sensory neuron from the face and neck to a motor neuron in a lower section of the spinal cord? (2 points)

Interneuron

Which of the following is correctly paired with its function? (2 points)

Sensory somatic nervous system-controls skeletal muscles

During the transmission of signals across a neuromuscular junction, which of the following happens last? (2 points)

Sodium and potassium ion gates in the motor end plate open.

The ventral root is associated with which action of a reflex arc? (2 points)

Stimulation of the effector

Based on the figure above, which structure would focus light onto the retina? (2 points)

Structure B, by bending

Gustatory and olfactory refer to which of the following senses, in which order? (2 points)

Taste and smell

Before Jane gives a presentation to her class, she gets very nervous and her heart begins beating faster than usual. Which statement best classifies this reaction? (2 points)

The autonomic nervous system is creating an involuntary response to stimuli.

Describe the path a signal takes to cross from a neuron to a muscle cell across a myoneural junction. Place the events in the proper order and use key vocabulary to describe each structure. (5 points)

The myoneural junction is also the neuromuscular junction. That being said, with this other name being a little more helpful with figuring out the definition, this is where the nerve and muscle join together. A synapse is formed between the muscle fiber and the motor neuron, and allows the motor neuron to send a signal to the muscle fiber. This action causes the muscles to contract. So, the brain is what sends the signal to the muscle fibers, causing the contraction. The signal moves down the neuron and then allows the chemical junction to occur between the neuron and the muscle. The signal jumps over the synapse and hits the muscle head on, causing the muscles to move accordingly!

Describe the pathway of taste reception from the point where food comes into contact with the tongue to the point at which taste information travels to the brain. Briefly describe the structure and function of each organ along the pathway. (5 points)

The taste buds on your tongue are taste receptor cells that are bunched together. These are what are responsible for gustation. Most of them are on the tongue, but some are even on the roof of your mouth, cheeks, and underneath your tongue. When food hits these receptors, they signal the brain to interpret the taste. However, without smell, the brain cannot (or struggles to) differentiate between the tastes.

The structure labeled with "A" is called (2 points)

a ventral horn

The structure labeled with "C" is called (2 points)

a ventral root

Jane just ate kale, a high-calcium food. This would likely cause (2 points)

an increase in calcitonin produced by the thyroid

Exocrine glands (2 points)

secrete hormones into an attached duct

Sensory nerves are fibers that (2 points)

send signals toward the central nervous system