Focus Architects 2016- 2017
Santa Maria degli Angeli (Saint Mary of the Angels)
Brunelleschi designed the rotunda for this former church of a defunct monastery in Florence, Italy.
Vanishing Point
Brunelleschi rediscovered the principles of linear perspective. He understood the concept of a single ___________________________, toward which all parallel lines drawn on the same plane appear to converge.
Santa Monica (California)
Frank Gehry's early experiments in architecture are best exemplified by the renovations he made to his own bungalow home in this California city.
(Frank) Gehry
This architect famously stated that he treats each new commission as "a sculptural object, a spatial container, a space with light and air."
(Gian Lorenzo) Bernini
This architect sculpted the marble "Apollo and Daphne."
(Santiago) Calatrava
This architect's doctoral thesis submitted to the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich was titled "On the Foldability of Frames." In 1981 he established his own architecture firm in Zurich, and he later opened offices in Paris, Valencia, and New York. He is known for his architectural use of zoomorphic forms, saying that nature serves as his guide to help him create buildings that reflect natural shapes and rhythms. In 2005 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects.
(Gian Lorenzo) Bernini
Though known for architecture and sculpture, this Baroque Italian artist also painted "Christ Mocked" and "Saint Andrew and Saint Thomas."
Deconstructivism (and) Postmodernism
Though much of his work defies labels, architect Frank Gehry has been grouped with these two styles of architecture.
Church of Colonia Guell
Unfinished work by Antoni Gaudi built as a place of worship for the people in a manufacturing suburb of Barcelona. The namesake Spanish entrepreneur lost profits from his business, so only the crypt of the church was completed.
(Antoni) Gaudi
Spanish architect who was the figurehead of Catalan Modernism
La Pedrera
This is the alternate Spanish name of Antoni Gaudi's "Casa Mila."
Spanish
This is the nationality of architect Antonio Gaudi.
Sacristy
This is the term for a room in a church where vestments (such as the alb and chasuble) and other church furnishings, sacred vessels, and parish records are kept. Brunelleschi designed one to serve as the Medici family's tomb.
Linear Perspective
This is the term for an approximate representation on a flat surface of a three-dimensional image as it is seen by the eye. It was developed by Brunelleschi.
Florence Cathedral (or Duomo or Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore)
This is the third largest church in the world (after St. Peter's in Rome and St. Paul's in London), and it was the largest church in Europe when it was completed in the 15th century.
Bust of Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena
This marble bust by Gian Lorenzo Bernini unites a heroic pomp with grandiose movement that portrays the ideals of the Baroque age as much as the man depicted in the bust.
Experience Music Project
This museum designed by Frank Gehry was founded by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen. Today, it is known as the EMP Museum but it was originally called the Experience Music Project and Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame; it still presents the Science Fiction and Fantasy Short Film Festival in collaboration with the Seattle International Film Festival.
(Santiago) Calatrava
This neo-futirist architect designed the Alamillo Bridge.
Jay Pritzker Pavilion
This pavilion completed in 2004 was designed by Frank Gehry and is located in Chicago's Millennium Park.
(Pope) Urban VIII
This pope was Gian Lorenzo Bernini's greatest patron. Bernini designed his tomb in St. Peter's Basilica.
(Gian Lorenzo) Bernini
This sculptor and architect created the marble version of David seen here.
Athens Olympics Sports Complex
This sports facilities complex is located at Marousi, northeast Athens, Greece. The venue hosted the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens. It consists of five major venues as well as other supplementary sports facilities, and it was designed by Santiago Calatrava.
Fred and Ginger
This was the original name Frank Gehry gave to his Dancing House because it reminded him of two famous dancers.
American Center
This was the original name of Frank Gehry's building now called the Cinematheque Francaise.
Beekman Tower
This was the original name of the Frank Gehry-designed building that is now marketed as "New York by Gehry."
Equilibriated (Style)
This was the term for Antoni Gaudi's style itself. An _____________ structure was designed to stand on its own without internal bracing or external buttressing. Gaudi observed that this style is "as a tree stands." In the style, piers and columns tilt to transmit diagonal thrusts, and thin-shell, laminated tile vaults exert very little thrust. Examples of this style include the Casa Mila and Casa Batllo. Villa Bell Esguard, and Guell Park.
Los Angeles School (or Santa Monica School)
Frank Gehry is sometimes associated with this loose school of architecture.
Aeneas, Anchises, and Ascanius
"The Aeneid," an epic Latin poem, inspired this sculpture by Bernini. The poem tells of the life of Aeneas, a Trojan who left his home city and eventually ended up in Italy, where he was a progenitor of Rome. The sculpture depicts the moment that Aeneas carries his elderly father and young son from Troy, after it has been sacked by the Greek army. In his hand, the carried father holds a vessel with his ancestors' ashes, on the top of which are two tiny statues of the Penates, Roman household gods.
Mies van der Rohe
A German- American architect who along with Le Corbusier, Alvar Aalto, and Frank Lloyd Wright who was considered one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture. His works were stated with extreme clarity and simplicity
Tondo
Above each column on the loggia of Brunelleschi's Hospital of the Innocents is one of these artworks made of ceramic depicting a baby in swaddling clothes. Give the Italian term for a circular painting or sculpture.
unisonian
Adjective used by Frank Lloyd Wright in place of American to refer to his vision of the American landscape, which is defined by a new world character free of previous architecture conventions
Barcelona
After graduating from the Provincial School of Architecture, Gaudi worked almost entirely near this Spanish city.
Walt Disney Concert Hall
After this building's construction, some of its polished mirror-like panels were sanded down to eliminate unwanted glare and heat reflection that created hot spots on nearby sidewalks and in neighboring condominiums. Name this Frank Gehry-designed music venue.
Dancing House
Also called Fred and Ginger, this building is formally called the Nationale-Nederlanden building in Prague. Frank Gehry co-designed the building with Croatian-Czech architect Vlado Milunic, and Gehry originally named it Fred and Ginger (after the dancers Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers) because the house resembles a pair of dancers. The then Czech president, Vaclav Havel, lived next to the site for decades and was an avid supporter of the Dancing House.
Baldachin
Also called a ciborium, this structure is a freestanding canopy over an altar or tomb, supported on columns. The term originated from the Spanish baldaquin, an elaborately brocaded material imported from Baghdad that was hung as a canopy over an altar or doorway; later, it came to stand for a freestanding canopy over an altar, such as the one Bernini designed over the altar of St. Peter's Basilica.
Campo Volantin Footbridge (or Zubizuri)
Also called the Zubizuri (Basque for "white bridge"), it is a tied arch footbridge across the Nervion River in Bilbao, Spain. It was designed by Santiago Calatrava.
Biomuseo (or Biodiversity Museum)
Also known as the Panama Bridge of Life, it is located on the Amador Causeway in Panama City, Panama. This is Frank Gehry's first design for Latin America.
Sullivan
American Architect "Father of Skyscrapers"
Frank Lloyd Wright
American architect, interior designer, writer and educator who believed in designing structures which were in harmony with humanity with the environment (called this philosophy organic architecture)
Casa Batllo
An example of Catalan modernism, this home is constructed in Gaudi's equilibriated style. Much of its façade (face) is decorated with a colorful mosaic made of broken ceramic tiles. The roof is arched like the back of a dragon or dinosaur. A common theory about the building is that the rounded feature to the left of the center, terminating at the top in a turret and cross, represents the lance of Saint George (the patron saint of Catalonia), which has been plunged into the back of the dragon.
Foundling Hospital
Another name for the Hospital of the Innocents in Florence designed by Brunelleschi.
2026
Antoni Gaudi's Sagrada Familia is still being constructed. It has an anticipated completion date of this year that marks the centenary of Gaudi's death.
Renaixensa (Movement)
Antonio Gaudi was an important participant in this movement that was an artistic revival of the arts and crafts combined with a political revival in the form of anti-Castilian "Catalanism." It sought to reinvigorate the way of life in Catalonia.
Catalonia
Antonio Gaudi was born in this region of Spain that inspired many of his works.
Coppersmith
Antonio Gaudi was born on Spain's Mediterranean coast as the son of a _________________.
Gothic
Antonio Gaudi was inspired by this earlier architectural style in his creation of the Episcopal Palace in Astorga and the CAsa de los Botines.
Baroque
Antonio Gaudi was inspired by this earlier architectural style in his design of the Casa Calvet at Barcelona.
Catalan Modernism
Antonio Gaudi was the leading figure of this modernist art movement that was the Spanish equivalent to Art Nouveau in France and Jugendstil in Germany. Centered in Barcelona, it was based on ideas of Spanish nationalism.
Mudejar (Style)
Antonio Gaudi worked in this style, Spain's special mixture of Muslim and Christian designs. Gaudi's Casa Vicens, El Capricho, and the Guell Estate and Guell Palace are in this style.
(Corrugated) Cardboard
Architect Frank Gehry created "Easy Edges" and "Experimental Edges," two popular lines of furniture made from this corrugated substance.
Bodegas Guell
Architectural complex comprising a winery and associated buildings designed by Antoni Gaudi for a Spanish entrepreneur.
Fountain of the Ugly Boat
Baroque-style fountain found at the foot of the Spanish Steps in Rome's Piazza di Spagna (Spanish Square). Pope Urban VIII commissioned Pietro Bernini, Gian Lorenzo's father, to build the fountain as part of a prior Papal project to erect a fountain in every major piazza in Rome. Gian Lorenzo helped his father complete the fountain.
Scala Regia
Bernini completely reconstructed this "Royal Stair" in the Vatican. It is the stately papal stairway between St. Peters' and the Vatican Palace. The project taxed Bernini's creative powers and he employed clever tricks of optical illusion.
(Saint) Teresa (of Avila)
Bernini created an unconventional sculpture of this Carmelite saint from Avila that is located in the Cornaro Chapel in Rome.
Colonnade
Bernini designed the long row of columns surrounding St. Peter's Square. This is the term for such a long row of columns.
Pope Urban VIII
Bernini designed the tomb of this pope, a patron of his, found in St. Peter's Basilica. The tomb shows the pope seated with his arm raised in a commanding gesture, while below him are two white marble figures representing the Virtues.
Piazza
Bernini designed this open space in front of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. In general, it is a city square commonly found at the meeting of two or more streets.
Medusa
Bernini sculpted this figure now located in Rome's Capitoline Museums.
(The) Rape of Proserpina
Bernini was only 23 years when he completed this sculpture. It depicts the Abduction of Proserpina, where Proserpina is seized and taken to the underworld by the god Pluto. It was commissioned by Cardinal Borghese.
Campanile(s)
Bernini's projects weren't always successful; in 1637 he began to construct these Italian belltowers over the façade of St. Peter's Basilica. When their weight began to crack the building, they were pulled down and Bernini was temporarily disgraced.
(Frank) Gehry
Born in Canada with the surname "Goldberg," his family immigrated to Los Angeles when he was young. He studied architecture at the University of Southern California and city planning at Harvard University.
(Il) Badalone
Brunelleschi was active in the world of shipmaking. He designed and built this enormous ship to transport marble to Florence from Pisa up the Arno River. The ship sank on its maiden voyage.
De Architectura
Brunelleschi was inspired by this architecture treatise written by the ancient Roman author Vitruvius.
Old Sacristy
Brunelleschi's "Sagrestia Vecchia" is now called by this common name to distinguish it from Michelangelo's "new" 16th-century sacristy in the same church.
Sagrada Familia Schools
Building constructed by Antoni Gaudi near his Church of the Holy Family. It was a small school building for the children of the workers building the church.
Experience Music Project
Built in Seattle from 1995-2000, it is made of a fabricated steel frame wrapped in colorful sheet metal. According to Frank Gehry, the structure was modeled on the shape of a guitar—particularly, a smashed electric guitar.
Alamillo Bridge
Calatrava built this structure for Expo '92 in Seville, Spain when the city needed to have bridges constructed to allow access to an island that would be used for exhibitions. It spans the Canal de Alfanso XIII, allowing access to the La Cartuja.
Women's Bridge
Called the Puente de la Mujer in Spanish, it is a rotating footbridge in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is of the Cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge type and is also a swing bridge. It was designed by Santiago Calatrava.
(Antoni) Gaudi
Catalan architect known as "God's Architect"
(Basilica di) Santo Spirito (or Basilica of the Holy Spirit)
Church in Florence designed by Brunelleschi. Its fist pillars were delivered ten days before his death. After Brunelleschi's death, the work was carried on by his follower Antonio Manetti.
Apollo and Daphne
Commissioned by Cardinal Borghese, this Gian Lorenzo Bernini sculpture shows the climax of the story of the titular god and nymph. When the god, fated by Cupid's love-exciting arrow, sees the title maiden, daughter of a river god, he is consumed by desire. But the nymph denies his love, and as she is relentlessly chased by the god, she prays to her father Peneus (a river god) for aid. Her father helps her by turning her body into a tree, her arms into branches, and her hair into leaves.
New World Center
Completed in 2011, it was designed for the New World Symphony orchestral academy in Miami Beach, Florida. It was designed by Frank Gehry.
Tulip Chair
Designed by Eero Saarinen in 1955 and 1956 for the Knoll company of New York City, this piece of furniture was a chair designed to match the complementary dining table. The chair has the smooth lines of modernism and was experimental with materials for its time. The chair is considered a classic of industrial design. It is often considered "space age" for its futuristic use of curves and artificial materials, and it was used on the TV show "Star Trek," where it appears on the bridge and throughout the rest of the U.S.S. Enterprise.
Episcopal Palace (of Astorga)
Designed in the Catalan Modern style, it is one of only three buildings by Gaudi outside Catalonia. After the original one was destroyed by a fire, Bishop Grau assigned the design of the new building to his friend Antonio Gaudi.
Sacrifice of Isaac
During a competition, Brunelleschi and Ghiberti were to prepare a bronze panel depicting this event. The panel by Brunelleschi depicts the strong Abraham holding the titular son by the throat with his left hand as he is about to slash his throat with a dagger held in his right hand. The angel reaches out and grabs Abraham's hand before the slash is rendered. Brunelleschi's work is more dramatic and disturbing than Ghiberti's work, which ultimately won the competition.
City of the Arts and Sciences
Entertainment-based complex in Valencia, Spain. One of the 12 Treasures of Spain, Calatrava designed several structures here, including an opera house, arboretum, and planetarium. The planetarium and IMAX cinema is called L'Hemisferic, and the building is meant to resemble a giant eye.
Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao
Exemplifying Frank Gehry's trademark style of undulating free-form buildings, the structure combines curvaceous titanium forms with interconnecting limestone masses. It was built from 1991-1997 in Spain. It consists of interconnected buildings whose extraordinary free-form titanium-sheathed mass suggests a gigantic work of abstract sculpture.
(Lorenzo) Ghiberti
Filippo Brunelleschi competed against this archrival for the right to build the dome of the Florence Cathedral.
(Lorenzo) Ghiberti
Filippo Brunelleschi competed with this other Italian artist to obtain the commission for the bronze reliefs for the door of the Baptistery of Florence. Brunelleschi's design lost.
Renaissance
Filippo Brunelleschi's architecture is the epitome of this historical time period.
Easy Edges (and) Experimental Edges
Frank Gehry created these two popular lines of corrugated cardboard furniture.
Basque(s)
Frank Gehry designed the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain. It is a cooperative venture between the Guggenheim Foundation and the regional administration of what traditional ethnic group that lives in northwest Spain.
Frank Gehry Building
Frank Gehry designed this Business School building on the campus of the University of Technology in Sydney (UTS). It was constructed with custom-designed curved bricks to evoke the image of a crumpled paper bag. It opened to students in February 2015.
Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial
Frank Gehry is currently working on this national monument in Washington, D.C., though there are problems securing funding for its construction.
Bust of Louis XIV
Gian Lorenzo Bernini created this marble bust in 1665 during his visit to Paris. It is the only relic of Bernini's visit to Paris. This sculptural portrait of the Sun King of France has been called the "grandest piece of portraiture of the baroque age". The bust is on display at the Versailles Palace, in the Salon de Diane in the King's Grand Apartment. The image set a standard for royal portraits that lasted 100 years.
Rome
Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed Fountain of the Four Rivers, Triton Fountain, Fountain of the Moor, Fountain of Bees, and Fountain of the Ugly Boat in this Italian city.
St. Peter's Basilica
Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed many parts of this Catholic church located in the Vatican. Bernini designed the piazza and colonnade (row of columns) in front of this church as well as the baldachin and tomb of Pope Urban VIII inside.
Baldachin
Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed this structure in St. Peter's Basilica. It is a gilt-bronze monument over the tomb of St. Peter. Bernini used twisted columns from earlier Christian columns of the altar screen, but he added the upper framework of crowning volutes flanked by four angels that supports the orb and cross. It is as tall as a four-story building. It is the first truly Baroque monument.
Christ Mocked
Gian Lorenzo Bernini painted this picture of Jesus.
Saint Andrew and Saint Thomas
Gian Lorenzo Bernini painted this picture of the two title saints.
Fountain of the Moor
Gian Lorenzo Bernini sculpted this fountain located at the southern end of the Piazza Navona in Rome, Italy. It represents an African (perhaps originally meant to be Neptune), standing in a conch shell, wrestling with a dolphin, surrounded by four Tritons. It is placed in a basin of rose-colored marble. The fountain was originally designed by Giacomo della Porta in 1575 with the dolphin and four Tritons. In 1653, the statue of the titular African, by Bernini, was added. In September 2011, the fountain was damaged after a vandal attacked it with a hammer. The vandal also damaged the Trevi Fountain that night.
Fountain of Bees
Gian Lorenzo Bernini sculpted this fountain located in the Piazza Barberini in Rome where the Via Veneto enters the piazza. It consists of a marble bi-valve shell with three bees of the same material resting on it. The fountain was intended to be a watering trough for horses.
Blessed Soul (and) Damned Soul
Gian Lorenzo Bernini sculpted this set of two allegorical busts inspired by a set of prints by Pieter de Jode I.
(King) Louis XIV
Gian Lorenzo Bernini was invited to France by this monarch, known as the Sun King, to offer new designs for the French royal residence of the Louvre.
Baroque (Period)
Gian Lorenzo Bernini was the leading sculptor of this age and was credited with creating this period's unique style of sculpture.
Council of Trent
Gian Lorenzo Bernini's Catholic faith inspired most of his works, and he agreed with the formulations of this church council that lasted from 1545-1563. This council stated that the purpose of religious art was to teach and inspire the faithful and to serve as propaganda for the Roman Catholic Church.
Palazzo di Parte Guelfa
Historical building in Florence whose Meeting Hall was designed by Filippo Brunelleschi.
Donatello
In 1401 Filippo Brunelleschi visited Rome to study the ancient Roman ruins with this other artist who was a close friend.
Sacrifice of Isaac
In 1401, the guild of wool merchants announced a competition for the second set of doors to the Baptistery of Battistero di San Giovanni. This competition began one of the greatest artistic rivalries of all time and it fueled the creative genius of two of the Italian Renaissance's greatest artists, Filippo Brunelleschi and Lorenzo Ghiberti. This is the title of Brunelleschi's bronze panel shown here.
(An) Egg
In 1418 the wool merchants' guild held a competition to solve the problem of building the dome of the Florence Cathedral. Brunelleschi bested Ghiberti when he showed that one of these could be stood upright on a piece of marble; no other architect could do it but Brunelleschi, who tapped the _______ on the marble to flatten its end a bit.
Pritzker (Architecture Prize)
In 1989, Frank Gehry was awarded this prestigious prize given annually to a living architect whose built work demonstrates a combination of talent, vision, and commitment.
Sagrada Familia (or Church of the Holy Family)
In 2010 this uncompleted church was consecrated as a basilica by Pope Benedict XVI.
Sharq Crossing
In December 2013, the city of Doha awarded Santiago Calatrava the contract to build this bridge in Doha, Qatar - his biggest project to date. This project was put on hold in January 2015. If pursued, the project will see three interconnecting bridges - spanning almost ten kilometers - connect the city's cultural district in the north of the city to Hamad International Airport and the central business district in West Bay. Work is scheduled to start in 2015 to open in time for the 2022 World Cup in Qatar.
(Military) Fortifications
In addition to architecture, Brunelleschi designed these for use by Florence in its military struggles against Pisa and Siena.
Lantern
In addition to the dome of the Florence Cathedral, Brunelleschi designed this structure set on top of the dome to help illuminate the interior. This structure was not finished until after his death.
Sagrada Familia (or Church of the Holy Family)
In his designs for this church, Antoni Gaudi took the cathedral-Gothic style beyond recognition into a complexly symbolic forest of helicoidal piers, hyperboloid vaults and sidewalls, and a hyperbolic paraboloid roof that boggles the mind.
(Frank) Gehry
In recent years, this architect was dropped from the Pacific Park redevelopment project and was dropped as the designer of the World Trade Center Performing Arts Center, both projects in New York City.
Vitra Design Museum
Internationally renowned German museum of design founded by the Vitra corporation and designed by Frank Gehry. One piece in its collection is Eero Saarinen's famous "Tulip Chair."
New York by Gehry (also called the Beekman Tower or 8 Spruce Street)
It is a 76-story skyscraper in Manhattan located at 8 Spruce Street, just south of the Brooklyn Bridge. One of the tallest residential towers in the world, it was the tallest residential tower in the Western Hemisphere at the time of its opening in 2011. It was designed by Frank Gehry.
Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial
It is a planned U.S. presidential memorial to honor the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe during World War II and the 34th President of the United States. Frank Gehry's original designs for the monument to be built in Washington, D.C., were controversial, so he submitted revised designs that were approved in 2015. Funding for the memorial remains in doubt despite the recent implementation of a private fundraising effort. The monument will be accompanied by an "e-memorial," a free mobile app.
Trencadis
It is a type of mosaic used in Catalan modernism, created from broken tile shards. The technique is also called pique assiette. This mosaic is done using broken pieces of ceramic, like tiles and dinnerware. It was used by Antonio Gaudi.
World Trade Center Transportation Hub
It is the formal name for the new subway station and associated retail complex that opened under the National September 11 Memorial plaza. The mezzanine is connected to an aboveground structure called the Oculus. It was designed by Santiago Calatrava.
Sagrada Familia (or Church of the Holy Family)
It was a symbol of the Renaixensa in Barcelona. After 1910 Antoni Gaudi abandoned almost all other work and secluded himself in its workshop, but he died before its completion; only one transept with one of its four towers was finished at his death.
Church of the Holy Family (or Expiatory Temple of the Holy Family)
It's another name for Antonio Gaudi's Sagrada Familia.
(The) Duomo
It's the common name of the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore or Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Flowers. Brunelleschi designed the soaring dome of this cathedral.
Duomo
It's the nickname for the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, the Florence Cathedral for which Brunelleschi designed the dome.
(Gian Lorenzo) Bernini
Italian Baroque artist who was a worthy successor of Michelangelo and rival of Allesandro Algardi. The artist is seen here in a self-portrait.
(Gian Lorenzo) Bernini
Italian architect who sculpted "The Rape of Prosperina" for his patron, Cardinal Borghese.
(Filippo) Brunelleschi
Italian artist and engineer who pioneered early Renaissance architecture in Italy. He trained as a goldsmith and is known for designing the dome of the Florence Cathedral.
(Gian Lorenzo) Bernini
Italian artist who sculpted "The Ecstacy of Saint Theresa."dd
Louvre
King Louis XIV invited Gian Lorenzo Bernini to France to offer new designs for this French royal residence. He offended the French by praising Italian art and architecture over that of France, sol his designs were ultimately rejected. Today, the building is a French art museum.
(El) Capricho
Known as "The Folly," this Mudejar-style work by Antoni Gaudi was built as a summer villa for Maximo Diaz de Quijano.
Bard College Performing Arts Center
Located in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, this performing arts center is located on the campus of its namesake college. It was designed by Frank Gehry.
MARTa Herford
Located in Germany, this museum was designed by Frank Gehry. Its name is an acronym for Mobel (German for furniture) ART (simply "art" in English), and Ambiente (ambience.)
Cinematheque Francaise
Located in Paris, it was originally designed for the American Center, a cultural organization. The organization went broke shortly after completion of the building, and the building remained vacant for years. Since 2005, the building has been home to its namesake organization, France's national library, museum, and theatre celebrating the history of film. It offers daily screenings of worldwide films.
Fountain of the Four Rivers
Located in Rome's Piazza Navona, this fountain by Gian Lorenzo Bernini supports an ancient Egyptian obelisk over a hollowed-out rock, surmounted by four marble figures symbolizing four major rivers of the world. The four rivers symbolize the four continents through which papal authority had spread: the Nile representing Africa, the Danube representing Europe, the Ganges representing Asia, and the Río de la Plata representing the Americas.
Gehry Residence
Located in Santa Monica, California, Frank Gehry chose to wrap the outside of this bungalow with a new exterior while leaving the old exterior visible. In renovating his own home, he stripped the two-story home down to its frame and then built a chain-link and corrugated-steel frame around it, complete with asymmetrical protrusions of steel rod and glass. He made the traditional bungalow appear to have exploded wide open
(The) Ecstasy of St. Teresa
Located in a shallow transept in the small Cornaro Chapel in Rome, this Gian Lorenzo Bernini sculpture depicts a mystical experience of the great Carmelite reformer after whom it is named. It shows the transported saint swooning in the void, covered by cascading drapery, after an angel has pierced her heart with a fiery arrow of divine love. It is not a sculpture in the conventional sense; instead, it is a framed pictorial scene made up of sculpture, painting, and light that also includes the worshiper in a religious drama.
Walt Disney Concert Hall
Located in downtown Los Angeles, this Frank Gehry-designed building it is the fourth hall of the Los Angeles Music Center. It is home to the Los Angeles Philharmonic orchestra and the Los Angeles Master Chorale.
Walt Disney Concert Hall
Located in downtown Los Angeles, this music venue is in a vineyard seating configuration and is home to a specially designed concert organ. The venue was designed by Frank Gehry.
Auditorio de Tenerife
Located in the Canary Islands (of Spain), it is found on the Avenue of the Constitution in the Canarian capital, next to the Atlantic Ocean. The silhouette of the auditorium designed by Santiago Calatrava as seen from the sea evokes images of the Sydney Opera House in Australia. It is the architectural symbol of its namesake city and finest modern building of the Canary Islands.
Triton Fountain
Located in the Piazza Barberini, this Gian Lorenzo Bernini fountain shows four dolphins raise a huge shell supporting the titular sea god, who blows water upward out of a conch.
Death of the Blessed Ludovica Albertoni
Located in the deep space above the altar of the simple Altieri Chapel in Rome, this Gian Lorenzo Bernini sculpture lies at the bottom of a very large volume of space and is illuminated by a heavenly light that plays on the drapery gathered over the title figure's recumbent body. Her hands weakly clutching her breast make explicit her painful death.
IAC Headquarters (InterActiveCorp's Headquarters)
Located near the Hudson River in New York City, this building's form evoked eight wind-filled sails. It was designed by Frank Gehry.
(Frederick R.) Weisman Art Museum
Located on the campus of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Finished in 1993, it has a stainless steel skin. It was designed by Frank Gehry.
Bridge of Strings (or Chords Bridge)
Made of steel and reinforced concrete, this bridge is a Cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge in Jerusalem, Israel. It was designed by Santiago Calatrava.
Casa Vicens
Modernist Mudejar-style work by Antonio Gaudi in Barcelona. Considered one of the first buildings of Art Nouveau, it was the first house designed by Gaudi. The building mixes together Hispano-Arabic inspiration, and it represents the flowering of Catalan modern architecture.
(Antonio di Tuccio) Manetti
Most of what is known about Brunelleschi's life and career is based on a biography written in the 1480s by what admiring younger contemporary architect?
Sagrada Familia
Much of Antoni Gaudi's career was occupied with the construction of the Expiatory Temple of the Holy Family, also known as this name. It was left unfinished at his death.
Casa Mila
Multistoried modernist apartment building in Barcelona that is an example of Antoni Gaudi's equilibriated style. It is commonly called La Pedrera in Spanish or "Miracle Home."
Italian
Nationality of Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
Spanish
Nationality of architect Santiago Calatrava.
Italian
Nationality of the architect Filippo Brunelleschi.
Basilica of San Lorenzo
One of the largest churches of Florence, this basilica was designed by Brunelleschi on a commission from the Medici family. It contains the Sagrestia Vecchia, the Medici family tomb.
Queen Sofia Palace of the Arts
Opera house and cultural center in Valencia, Spain, designed by Santiago Calatrava.
New York by Gehry
Originally called the Beekman Tower and sometimes known by its address of 8 Spruce Street, it is Frank Gehry's Manhattan residential building that features numerous curvy corners, as evidenced in the top floors of the structure.
Peace Bridge
Pedestrian bridge that accommodates both pedestrians and cyclists crossing the Bow River in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It was designed by Santiago Calatrava.
Louis Vuitton Foundation
Public art museum and cultural center in Paris' Bois de Boulogne that opened in 2014. The 126,000-square-foot museum was privately funded by the Louis Vuitton fashion house. Frank Gehry designed it to hint at movement with 12 massive glass "sails" billowing in the wind.
Park Guell
Public park composed of gardens and architectonic elements located in Carmel Hill in Barcelona. The Spanish entrepreneur after whom the park is named assigned the park's design to Antoni Gaudi. The park, like many of Gaudi's works, is dedicated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Mies van der Rohe
Quote: God is in the details
Mies van der Rohe
Quote: Less is more
Milwaukee Museum of Art
Santiago Calatrava began designing the Quadracci Pavilion addition to this museum. This was his first project in the United States, but he withdrew himself from the project because he felt insecure. For the museum, he designed a movable brisé soleil that resembles the wings of a bird as it opens and closes.
Museum of Tomorrow
Santiago Calatrava designed this innovative science museum in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Chicago Spire
Santiago Calatrava planned to build this now-canceled skyscraper in Chicago. If built, it would have been the tallest building in North America and the tallest residential building in the world. Plans called for it to rise to 2,000 feet.
St. Nicholas Church
Santiago Calatrava redesigned this Greek Orthodox church, in Liberty Park, to replace the church destroyed by the collapse of the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks.
Neo-Futurism
Santiago Calatrava works in this late 20th and early 21st-century style of architecture that departs from post-modernism and represents an idealistic belief in a better future. It is an avant-garde movement that rethinks the functionality and aesthetic of rapidly growing cities.
(Santiago) Calatrava
Spanish Architect, sculptor, and structural engineer who, in his early career, was largely dedicated to bridges and railway stations. Many critics consider his works as a continuation of Eero Saarinen
(Eusebi) Guell
Spanish entrepreneur who commissioned Gaudi to design a palace, pavilions, bodegas (winery), church, and park. Pictured here is this industrialist's namesake Gaudi-designed palace centered on a main room for entertaining guests from high society. Guests entered the home in horse-drawn carriages through the front iron gates.
Le Corbusier
Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, and urban planner who was dedicated to providing better living conditions for residents of crowded residents (influential for urban planning)
Montjuic Communications Tower
Telecommunication tower in Barcelona designed by Santiago Calatrava to transmit television cove rage of the 1992 Summer Olympics Games in Barcelona. The tower represents an athlete holding the Olympic Flame. The base of the tower is covered with trencadis, Gaudi's mosaic technique created from broken tile shards.
Bridge of Angels
Ten strikingly beautiful angel sculptures designed by Bernini line the spectacular travertine marble-made "Ponte Sant'Angelo" also known as this bridge. Each sculptured angel symbolizes a part from the story of Jesus Christ's suffering and death by crucifixion. Statues of the saints Peter and Paul watch over the entrance way of the bridge.
Sagrestia Vecchia
The Medici family of Florence commissioned Brunelleschi to design this chamber in the Basilica of San Lorenzo as their tomb. In its center is the sarcophagus of Giovanni de Medici and set along the walls is the brone sarcophagus of Giovanni and Piero de Medici.
Alamillo Bridge
The central feature of this Santiago Calatrava bridge is a 466-foot (142-metre) pylon that inclines asymmetrically away from the river, supporting a span with more than a dozen pairs of cables. The dramatic image, resembling a harp, transformed bridge engineering into a form of sculpture that can invigorate its surrounding landscape. It was designed as a Cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge.
Hospital of the Innocents (Ospedale degli Innocenti)
The classical references of this Brunelleschi building include a wall delicately articulated with classical detail (such as Corinthian capitals, pilasters, tondi, and friezes), modular construction, geometric proportions, and symmetrical planning. Its front is dominated by a nine-bay loggia (a covered exterior galley or corridor whose outer wall is open to the elements and is supported by a series of columns or arches). Above each column is a ceramic tondo (Italian term for a circular painting or sculpture) of a baby in swaddling clothes designed by Andrea della Robbia around 1490.
Loggia
The front of Brunelleschi's Hospital of the Innocents is dominated by a nine-bay ______________, a covered exterior gallery of corridor whose outer wall is open to the elements and is supported by a series of columns or arches.
Pazzi Chapel
The head of a wealthy Florentine family commissioned Brunelleschi to design and build this chapel located in the "first cloister" of the southern flank of the Basilica di Santa Croce in Florence. It was not completed until almost two decades after Brunelleschi's death.
Casa Mila
The several floors of this Gaudi structure are shaped like clusters of tile lily pads with steel-beam veins. The building is a metaphor of the maritime character of Gaudi's native Catalonia.
David
The subject of this Gian Lorenzo Bernini sculpture is a biblical figure about to throw the stone that will bring down Goliath, which will allow the figure to behead the giant. Compared to earlier works on the same theme (notably the famous one by Michelangelo), the sculpture broke new ground in its implied movement and its psychological intensity.
(Cardinal) Borghese (bor-GAY-zee or bor-GAY-zuh)
This Cardinal was an early patron of Gian Lorenzo Bernini's. Bernini designed a garden for him as well as the sculptures "Apollo and Daphne," "The Rape of Proserpina," and "David."
(Antoni) Gaudi
This Catalan architect designed the still-unfinished Sagrada Familia
(Eero) Saarinen
This Finnish-American architect and industrial designer is known for his neofuturist designs. He designed the Tulip Chair (displayed in the Vitra Design Museum). He also designed the Gateway Arch in St. Louis.
MIT Ray and Maria Stata Center
This Frank Gehry-designed building is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts on the campus of its namesake college.
(Filippo) Brunelleschi
This Italian artist and engineer developed the idea of linear perspective and was considered one of the foremost architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance.
(Leon Battista) Alberti
This Renaissance humanist architect codified the laws governing perspective construction that were brought to light by Brunelleschi. He wrote "On Painting" ("Della pittura").
Auditorio de Tenerife
This Santiago Calatrava-designed building is built in the expressionist style of modern architecture and is famous for its great "arc," which marked a first in the history of architecture: it is the only large arch supported by only two points, while the tip appears to be suspended, defying gravity. Although the name "Adan Martin," the president of the Canary Islands who worked to get the auditorium built, was added to the auditorium in 2011, most of the population continues to call it just ________________________.
(Santiago) Calatrava
This Spanish architect born near Valencia is known for his sculptural bridges and buildings. He is a neofuturistic architect, structural engineer, sculptor, and painter who has offices in New York City, Doha, and Zurich (where he now resides).
(Antoni) Gaudi
This Spanish architect designed the Park Guell
(Antoni) Gaudi
This Spanish architect designed the apartment building Casa Batllo
(Antoni) Gaudi
This Spanish architect designed the apartment building Casa Mila
(Santiago) Calatrava
This architect designed the Athens Olympic Sports Complex.
(Santiago) Calatrava
This architect designed the Auditorio de Tenerife.
(Filippo) Brunelleschi
This architect designed the Basilica di San Lorenzo in Florence which contains the Sagrestia Vecchia or Old Sacristy that is the tomb of the Medici family.
(Santiago) Calatrava
This architect designed the Chords Bridge (in Jerusalem), Alamillo Bridge (in Seville, Spain), Peace Bridge (in Calgary. Camada), Women's Bridge (in Buenos Aires, Argentina), and the Campo Volantin Bridge (in Bilbao, Spain).
(Santiago) Calatrava
This architect designed the Chords Bridge.
(Frank) Gehry
This architect designed the Dancing House in Prague.
(Filippo) Brunelleschi
This architect designed the Dome and the Lantern of the Florence Cathedral.
(Frank) Gehry
This architect designed the Guggenheim Museum (Bilbao, Spain).
(Filippo) Brunelleschi
This architect designed the Hospital of the Innocents in Florence.
(Filippo) Brunelleschi
This architect designed the Meeting Hall of the Palazzo di Parte Guelfa.
(Filippo) Brunelleschi
This architect designed the Pazzi Chapel.
(Frank) Gehry
This architect designed the Walt Disney Concert Hall.
(Frank) Gehry
This architect designed the Weisman Art Museum.
(Frank) Gehry
This architect's works are often considered the most important works of contemporary architecture. He reacted against the cold and formulaic Modernist buildings by experimenting with unusual expressive devices, such as quirky buildings that emphasize human scale.
Dome of the Duomo (Florence Cathedral)
This architectural structure was built with the aid of machines that Brunelleschi invented expressly for the project. It was constructed without the traditional armature (wooden skeletal framework) by placing the brickwork in herringbone patterns between a framework of stone beams, a technique evolved by the ancient Romans.
Casa Mila
This building contains an innovative underground garage, and its spiral chimneys are called espanta bruixes ("witch scarers"). It was the last civil work designed by Gaudi. It is currently the headquarters of the Catalunya-La Pedrera Foundation, which manages the exhibitions.
Vontz Center for Molecular Studies
This building designed by Frank Gehry is located on the University of Cincinnati's campus.
Capponi (Chapel)
This chapel in the church of Santa Felicita in Florence was designed by Brunelleschi. Its original name was Barbadori Chapel.
Hospital of the Innocents (Ospedale degli Innocenti)
This children's orphanage was Brunelleschi's first architectural commission. It was the first building in Florence to make clear reference—in its columns and capitals—to classical antiquity. Its facade offered a new look in Florentine architecture and a marked contrast to the medieval buildings that preceded it.
Fountain of the Ugly Boat
This fountain by Pietro Bernini and his son, Gian Lorenzo, is made into the shape of a half-sunken ship with water overflowing its sides into a small basin. Water flows from seven points of fountain: the center baluster; two inside the boat from sun-shaped human faces; and four outside the boat. According to legends, when the Tiber River flooded in 1598, water carried a small boat into the Spanish Square. When the water receded, a boat was deposited in the center of the square, and it was this event that inspired Bernini's creation. The fountain is decorated with the papal coat of arms of the Barberini family as a reminder of Pope Urban VIII's ancestry.
Casa Batllo
This home designed by Antoni Gaudi is located in the center of Barcelona. It is also called the House of Bones because it has a visceral, skeletal organic quality.
Pluto and Proserpina
This is an alternate title for Gian Lorenzo Bernini's "The Rape of Proserpina."
Chords Bridge
This is another name for Calatrava's Bridge of Strings.
8 Spruce Street
This is the address (and alternate name) of Frank Gehry's building "New York by Gehry."
Miracle Home
This is the alternate English name of Antoni Gaudi's "Casa Mila."
Turning Torso
Unique neo-futurist apartment tower in Malmo, Sweden. The tallest building in Scandinavia, the sculptural shape of this skyscraper suggests a twisting spinal column.
(Antonio) Gaudi
Very pious in his later years, this architect was killed in 1926 after being struck by a trolley car on his way to vespers (evening prayers).
(Frank) Gehry
Which Canadian-American Pritzker Prize-winning architect was labeled by "Vanity Fair" as the most important architect of our age?
Frank Lloyd Wright
Who developed the concept of the unisonian home?
Mies van der Rohe
Work: Bacelona Pavilion
Mies van der Rohe
Work: Crown Hall
Wright
Work: Falling Water
Mies van der dfRohdfe
Work: Farnsworth House
Wright
Work: Johnson Wax Headquarters
Le Corbusier
Work: Notre Dame du Haut
Wright
Work: Robie House
Le Corbusier
Work: Saint Marie de la Tourette
Mies van der Rohe
Work: Seagram Building
Wright
Work: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
Wright
Work: Taliesin Studio
(Filippo_ dfdfdMies van der Rohe
Work: Tugenhadt House
Le Corbusier
Work: Unite d'Habitation
Le Corbusier
Work: Villa Savoye