Forensics
What is a toxicant?
A type of poison made by humans or introduced into the human environment by human activity
Which of these is an example of a venom?
A viper bite
What Antigen is paired to its corresponding antibody correctly?
A with Anti-B
What antigen is paired to its corresponding antibody correctly?
A with Anti-B
Which of these is considered direct evidence?
A witness statement
You run a blood typing test and see agglutination with anti-A and anti-D. What blood type does this represent?
A+
You run a blood typing test and see agglutination with anti-d and anti-a what blood type does this represent
A+
What is the overall proves an examiner uses with fingerprints?
ACE-V
In Humans two DNA n=loci code for amylase... which statement is true
AMY 1 codes for amylase found in saliva, breast mil and perspirartions
In humans, two DNA loci code for amylase. Which statement is true?
AMY1 codes for amylase found in saliva, breast milk and perspiration
In humans, two DNA loci code for amylase. Which statement is true?
AMY1 codes for the amylase found in saliva, breast milk, and perspiration.
Alpha-amylase
AMY1- salivary amylase (HSA). Saliva, breast milk, perspiration, tears AMY2- pancreatic amylase (HPA). Pancreas, vaginal secretion, seminal plasma, fecal material
ELISA
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Microtiter plate is coated w/ monoclonal antibody. Sample is added (antigen). Binding occurs. Polyclonal antibody added. Ab-Ag-Ab sandwich forms. Enzyme-labeled antiglobulin added and binds to sandwich. Excess antiglobulin washed away. Bound enzyme produces color or fluorescence and is measured using spectrophotometry.
Serological testing
Ab and Ag concentration must be adjusted so max. Ab-Ag takes place. For agglutinins, prepare a series of doubling dilutions of antisera and test w/ constant [ ] of antigen. For precipitins, dilute antigen w/ constant [ ] of antisera.
Why is the magnetic brush technique more useful on some surfaces than conventional black powder?
Able to remove excess powder
A wound that does not penetrate the full thickness of the skin and that usually heals without scarring is called:
Abrasion
Tangential impact usually results in what type of wound at the site of impact?
Abrasion
Most presumptive blood tests take advantage of which cell?
Erythrocytes
A 20 year old woman falls from her roof and dies. What is the probable manner of death?
Accident
What is the goal of generating forensic evidence from the gathered information?
Establishing material facts before or at trial
What drug is the most commonly seen in forensic practice but rarely kills directly and is a contributory factor in approximately 50% of traumatic death?
Ethanol
Which of these is NOT a type of writing system?
Etzlinger
Which of the following is the type of fracture that indicates that a part has been partially cracked or damaged prior to an accident?
Fatigue type fracture
Which of the following is the type of fracture that indicates that a part has been partially cracked or damaged prior to an accident?
Fatigue-type fracture
Which of these was a result of a committee of lawyers, judges, and legal scholars?
Federal Rules of Evidence
Which of these explicitly states that the judge is the "gatekeeper" of what evidence is admitted into a courtroom?
Federal Rules of Evidence Rule 702
Who generally develops earlier
Females
When does tooth development begin?
Fetal life
According to lecture, which of these is one of the most common types of trace evidence?
Fiber
Sir Francis Galton wrote which book?
Finger Prints
A hard and leathery stomach wall is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Formaldehyde
When using the brentamine fast blue test, what needs to happen to observe a color change
Acid phosphatase needs to break down sodium-a-napthyl, which will react with o-dianisdine and prodcue a purple color
When using the Brentamine fast blue test, what needs to happen to observe a color change?
Acid phosphatase needs to break down sodium-a-napthyl, which will react with o-dianisidine and produce a purple color
A large amount of poison taken in a single dose which causes symptoms and then probable death is called:
Acute Poisoning
A large amount of poison taken in a single dose which causes symptoms and then probable death is called:
Acute poisoning
How do fingerprint powders work?
Adherence to the fatty components in fingerprint residue
What method takes advantage of the structure of the metal below the serial stamp being compressed and the structure weakened?Chemical etching Ultrasonic cavitation Electrochemical etching
All of the above
Why is DNA important?
All of the above
A female pelvis should have:
All of these
Expirated blood can mimic: Low velocity Medium velocity High velocity
All of these
What compounds give fecal matter its characteristic smell?
All of these
Expirated blood can mimic:
All of these (all velocities)
What substance do cockroaches feed on?
All of these are areas of forensic entomology
Which substance do cockroaches feed on?
All of these are areas of forensic entomology
Which of these is a legitimate criticism of using psychological tests to assess a defendantÕs mental state? Tests tap current behavior when past behavior is of more interest Answers: The tests donÕt address legal issues Norms are gathered for a general population and may not apply to a disturbed individual Tests tap current behavior when past behavior is of more interest
All of these are criticisms
Which of these is a good way to locate seme stains?
All of these are good ways to locate semen stains
Which of these is a good way to locate semen stains?
All of these are good ways to locate semen stains
which of these is a good way to locate seme stains?
All of these are good ways to locate semen stains
Which of these is considered individual evidence in handwriting? Loops Pressure Proportions Movement All of these are individual evidence
All of these are individual evidence
What is a problem with the starch-iodine test?
All of these are problems
Which of these is NOT a gas produced by putrefaction (as discussed in lecture)?
All of these are produced
Why did Dr. Brundage think up so many questions about forensic entomology?
All of these are true
Which amylase catalyzes bonds within the polyglucan chains?
Alpha-amylase
What is the preferred method for SAP activity testing?
Alpha-naphthyl phosphate and Brentamine Fast Blue B
What organization examines and certifies forensic physical anthropologists at the postdoctoral level and provides oversight in professional conduct?
American Board of Forensic Anthropology
All of the following are components of saliva except
Amino Acids
All of the following are components of saliva except
Amino acids
Presumptive tests for urine are actually testing for:
Ammonia
Presumptive tests for saliva rely on detecting Amylase
Amylase
"When using the starch-iodine test, what needs to happen to observe a color change?"
Amylase needs to break down the starch in the plate, causing iodine to leave a cleared area"
When using the Phadebas reagent test, what needs to happen to observe a color change?
Amylase needs to break starch from the dye, making the dye soluble and therefore visible
When using the Phadebas Reagent test, what needs to happen to observe a color change?
Amylase needs to break starch from the dye, making the dye soluble and therefore visible.
An abrasion with hyperemia and a soft yellow crust of dried serum indicates:
An abrasion up to 36 hours old
PCP used to be used as
An animal tranquilizer
PCP used to be used as:
An animal tranquilizer
When you feel the pulse in your neck, you are feeling:
An artery
When you feel the pulse in your neck, you are feeling: "
An artery
What is the average length of skid marks one and two?
Approximately 38.5 feet long
"When analyzing handwriting movement, when moving a pen underhand or counter clockwise, it's referred to as: "
Arcade
Which type of print pattern occurs in about 5% of prints?
Arch
Lethal caretakers:
Are usually women
What takes the full blood pressure of moving blood
Arteries
Which of these takes the full pressure of moving blood?
Arteries
which of these takes the full pressure of moving blood?
Arteries
According to the lecture, how did the criminal avoid an immediate arrest during the Narborough investigation?
Asked his co-worker to pretend to be him when giving blood samples
Deep blue livor mortis is characteristic of what
Asphyxia
Deep blue livor mortis is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Asphyxia
Hemorrhagic spots under the skin or on the mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Asphyxia
A red color change in a Marquis test is indicative of (according to lecture):
Aspirin
A red color change in marquis test is indicative of
Aspirin
Which of these is considered a high velocity weapon?
Assault riffle
Cementum apposition is found
At the root apex
Cementum apposition is found:
At the root apex
What do graphologists try to do?
Attribute personality traits to handwriting patterns
Removal of the skin during a bite is known as
Avulsion
Removal of the skin during a bite is known as:
Avulsion
How does adipocere form?
Bacterial enzymes convert unsaturated fats into saturated fats
A poisonous substance produced by bacteria is
Bacteriotoxin
Which of these historical figures helped advance fingerprint, firearms, and hair analysis in Paris?
Balthazard
________________ Developed probability models that showed fingerprints are unique.
Balthazard
Dillie-Kopanyi
Barbituates
Dillie-Koppanyi test screens for
Barbituates
The Dillie-Koppanyi test screens for:
Barbiturates
Identification of saliva
Based on detection of inorganic anions: thiocyanate, nitrites enzymes: alkaline phosphatase, amylase antigens- HSA
Which lockpick has a dangerous weakness?
Batarang
Why is mitochondrial DNA more useful compared to nuclear DNA?
Because Mitochondrial DNA is easy to recover for testing, even if it were damaged by environmental factors
why is mitochondrial DNA more useful compared to nuclear DNA?
Because Mitochondrial DNA is easy to recover for testing, even if it were damaged by environmental factors
What is the term for the halo or brightness that enters into the material of greater RI?
Becke line
When must documentation on found items be done?
Before its collected
Where was forensic psychology first used?
Belgium
Which presumptive test was the most used before it was identified as a carcinogen?
Benzidine
Which of these historical figures helped developed the system of anthropometry?
Bertillon
Amylase
Beta-amylase and alpha-amylase
What gives fecal mater its characterisitic color
Bile pigments and their breakdown products
What gives fecal matter its characteristic color?
Bile pigments and their breakdown products
What is the analytical and identifying characteristic of a material?
Birefringence
"You open a package of dried soup, and see many brown insects, approximately 1/8 in. long. the top of the soup package has several tiny holes. What has probably infested your soup?"
Biscuit Beetle
You open a package of dried soup, and see many brown insects, approximately 1/8 in. long. The top of the soup package has several tiny holes. What has probably infested your soup?"
Biscuit beetle
The scientific name of the german cockroach is:
Blatella Germanica
Which cockroach has the greatest ability to quickly infest a building
Blatella Germanica
Which cockroach has the greatest ability to quickly infest a building?
Blatella Germanica
The scientific name for the German cockroach is:
Blatella germanica
Which cockroach has the greatest ability to quickly infest a building?
Blatella germanica
What specimens are usually collected to determine the presence of common drugs of abuse?
Blood and urine
A positive Benzidine test is:
Blue
A male serial killer that preys on wives, children or other relatives for monetary gain is known as: "
Blue Beard
What type of object produces lacerations rather than incised wounds?
Blunt Objects
Lacerations happen during what type of injury?
Blunt force trauma
Forensic Serology can be defined as the examination and analysis of
Bodily Fluids
Forensic serology can be defined as the examination and analysis of
Bodily Fluids
Cocaine comes from plants commonly found in:
Bolivia and Columbia
Which of these is most resistant to thermal shock?
Borosilicate
What type of examination identifies physical characteristics specific to plants that are considered controlled substances?
Botanical examinations
What is/are the main objective(s) of CODIS?
Both A & B
When do drugs become a law enforcement issue?
Both A and B
Where will the insects come from when a body was found at a dump site versus its original kill site?
Both A and B
What is the term for the impression from the writing instrument captured on the second sheet of paper below the one that contains the original writing? Indented writing Second page writing Sheet impression writing Both A and B but not C
Both A and B but not C
What does physical developer react with in fingerprint residue?
Both B and C
What types of bullets are not well marked by the rifling of a barrel? Lead Semi-jacketed Full metal jacketed
Both B and C
What sex of flies are attracted to a carcass in order for its geneitalia to develop?
Both male and female
The LEGAL definition of a wound is:
Breach of the full thickness of the skin
What causes the greenish discoloration of the abdomen during decomposition
Breakdown of hemoglobin by bacteria
AP screening test
Bromo chloro indolyl phosphate (BCIP)- forms insoluble blue precipitate Diazo red- forms a orange/red precipitate Sodium thymolphthalein monophosphate (STMP) forms a blue color change Fast Blue B (Brentamine blue) turns dark pink/violet.
The presence of methemeglobin causes:
Brown livor
What is the common name for a contusion?
Bruise
How does an adult fly emerge from its pupal casing?
By inflating a bladder under its forehead
Chemicals that are not medicinal but are encountered in the environment or in industrial activity include all of the following, except...
Carbon Dioxide
Chemicals that are not medicinal but are encountered in the environment or in industrial activity include all of the following, except..."
Carbon dioxide
Bright red livor mortis is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons
Carbon monoxide
A lumpy liver is indicative of which of theses conditions
Carbon tetra chloride
A lumpy liver is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Carbon tetra chloride
Why don't we use benzidine any longer
Carcinogen
You are investigating a beating in a small bathroom. The victim is found in the corner in a pool of blood with a huge spatter patter on the walls.You see lines of circular and elliptical drops on the ceiling? What caused these patterns?
Cast off
You are investigating a beating in a small bathroom. The victim is found in the corner in a pool of blood with a huge spatter pattern on the walls. You see lines of circular and elliptical blood drops on the ceiling. What caused these patterns (probably)?
Cast off
What patterns have a linear directionality associated with them?
Castoff
"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number 8 is known as:"
Central incisor
According to the universal numbering system, tooth number E is known as:"
Central incisor
What is putrefaction?
Changes produced by action of bacteria and microorganisms
What method takes advantage of the structure of the metal below the serial stamp being compressed and the structure weakened?Chemical etching Ultrasonic cavitation Electrochemical etching
Chemical etching Ultrasonic cavitation Electrochemical etching All of the above
False positives for catalytic color tests
Chemical oxidants, plant peroxidases, natural oxidation, animal blood, other fluids
Oxidation
Chemical rxn in which a substance gives up e- when the substance binds with oxygen. Strong oxidizing agents include oxygen
A yellowed liver is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Chloroform
What part of a shotgun is a constriction in the muzzle that serves to concentrate the shot pattern?
Choke
The Epiphysis is made of:
Chondroblasts
Where is nuclear DNA found?
Chromosomes
Which of these is NOT a medulla pattern found in humans?
Circular
By definition, forensic evidence is:
Circumstantial
Cases between individuals or parties are called:
Civil cases
What is the term for writing attributes observed in a group of writers that are probably derived from a penmanship system learned?
Class Characteristics
Blood type is considered:
Class Evidence
What type of evidence comes into court and does not reference a particular suspect?
Class characteristic
What is the term for writing attributes observed in a group of writers that are probably derived from a penmanship system learned?
Class characteristics
Blood type is considered:
Class evidence
What is agglutination?
Clumping of erythrocytes
A blue color change in a Scott test is positive for:
Cocaine
Erythroxylon coca produces:
Cocaine
Scott Test
Cocaine
The Scott test screens for
Cocaine
Who was the first criminal caught with DNA evidence?
Colin Pitchfork
Bones have flexibility due to their _______________ content
Collagen
What instrument measures color by elimination the subjectivity of human observation?
Colorimeter
Leuco crystal violet
Colorless form. Prepared in acetic acid. Reduced from of crystal violet dye. Turns pink-purple in the presence of blood. Often used to detect/enhance latent bloodstains or patterns. Oxidized form is an anti-fungal agent.
Catalytic color test
Colorless reagent that will produce a characteristic color upon oxidation. Extensively conjugated ring system. Oxidizer is typically hydrogen peroxide. Rxn is catalyzed by the peroxidase-like activity of the heme group. H202 is reduced and oxidizes the organic dye, giving it color
What does the acronym CODIS stand for?
Combined DNA Information Systems
What does the acronym codes stand for?
Combined DNA information System
What do digital imaging tools do to the traditional video and still photography used in crime scene documentation?
Complement
You burn a substance and produce only carbon dioxide and water. This is known as:
Complete combustion
Which of the following is not an entry level requirement for DNA analysts?
Completion of analytical, inorganic, and physical chemistry courses"
Postmortem redistribution refers to
Concentration changes that occur after death as drugs move from one bodily region to another
Which fracture types can tell us from which direction a projectile struck glass?
Conchodial
What follows a presumptive test to establish the identification of blood?
Confirmatory Test
What follows a presumptive test to establish the identification of blood?
Confirmatory test
Who created the initial listing of controlled substances attached to the Controlled Substances Act of 1970?
Congress
Type O
Contain H antigen. H antigen is precursor to A and B antigens.
An awareness of how much we do not know and the humility to acknowledge the possibility of making mistakes is known as:
Contrite fallibilism
What term is defined as an accumulation of blood in the tissues outside the blood vessels?
Contusion
Which treaty has been referred to as the ""Magna Carta"" for wildlife?"
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
What type of metal is used on lead alloy bullets to reduce the friction between the bullet and the gun barrel?
Copper
Bluish discoloration of the gums is indicativve of which of these conditions
Copper sulfate
Bluish discoloration of the gums is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Copper sulphate
Bluish discoloration of the gums is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons? (2)
Copper sulphate, lead poisoning
What are the Palmer and Zaner-Bloser methods?
Copybook styles of penmanship
Soft, swollen, rnaslucent and bleached tongue/mucus membranes is indicitive of what condition
Corrosive alkali
Soft, swollen, translucent and bleached tongue/mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons? "
Corrosive alkali
Both the Frye and Duabert tests were the result of:
Court cases
Jaffe test
Creatinine reacts w/ picric acid in alkaline environment to form bright orange/red product creatinine picrate
What is the English translation of the first forensic science textbook, published in 1893?
Criminal Investigation
What is the condition in which no light emerges when two polarizers are placed so that the privileged directions are perpendicular?
Crossed polars
The outermost portion of the hair shaft is called the:
Cuticle
Bright red livor mortis is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons
Cyanide poisoning
Bright red livor mortis is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons
Cyanide poisoning or Carbon Monoxide
Bright red livor mortis is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons (2)
Cyanide poisoning, carbon monoxide
Which development technique is used as a pre-treatment to fix prints?
Cyanoacrylate ester
What is the scientific term for "super glue?"
Cyanoacrylate esters
What is the scientific term for super glue
Cyanocyrlate esters
According to the lecture, why is it that DNA can be easily denatured by high temperatures?
DNA has weak hydrogen bonds through their complementary base pairs
Hair is considered class evidence UNLESS:
DNA is present
The FDA gets an alert that the defect action level has been reached in canned peaches. What does this mean?
Damages or foreign substances not harmful to humans have been found above federally mandated limits, and action must be taken to correct the problem
Luminol is best used in what kind of environment?
Darkened
Luminol is best used in which kind of environments?
Darkened
What are Tardieu's spots?
Darkened spots on the skin due to burst capillaries
What is the major active Agent in Marijujuana
Dat THC doeeeee
Which of these states that the known or potential error rates of the theory or technique needs to be applied?
Daubert Test
A man dies due to a heart attack. What is his cause of death?
Death of the heart muscle due to myocardial infarction due to blood clot in arteries
What causes ""marbling"?
Decomposition of blood in veins by bacteria
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Which of the following is NOT a group that enforces Wildlife Protection Policy?
Department of Wildlife Protection
Tetramethylbenzidine
Derivative of benzidine. Acidic conditions. Turns blue-green. Less carcinogenic than benzidine b/c of methylated structure. Active chemical in hemastix test strips
Orthotolidine
Derivative of benzidine. Acidic conditions. Turns dark/blue. Probable carcinogen
When did the Federal Rules of Evidence come into existence?
1975
Programs that teach nurses to work with sexual assault vicitims have existed in the United States since:
1976
What year was the Omnibus Crime Code for Insanity adopted?
1984
What year was the omnibus crime code for insanity adopted
1984
when were federal funds allocated to construct a dedicated laboratory for forensic wildlife investigations?
1989
In what year did the federal government enact a death investigation operation?
1990s
When did the Daubert test come into existence?
1993
In what year was the American Board of Forensic Entomology born?
1996
In which year did the ANA publish The Scope and Standards of Forensic Nursing?
1997
In which year did the Texas legislature pass a bill requiring minimum standards for SANE certification?
1997
Which of these indicates the twist rate?
1:100 mm
Which of these will impart the highest spin rate on a bullet
1:50 mm
Which of these will impart the highest spin rate on a bullet?
1:50 mm
How many grooves does a scrape cutter make with one swipe?
2
The CGS level assoicated with a partially recognizable body but absence of hands and/or feet is:
2
Approximately how much damage do termites do every year?
2 billion
Ejaculate volumes of human males range from (on average)
2-6 ml
Ejaculate volumes of human males range from (on average):
2-6 ml
What is the average perception-response time for a path intrusion at night?
2.1 seconds
What is the dental formula for a human child?
2.1.2
What is the dental formula for a human child?
2.1.2.
A 2 year old has how many teeth (usually)?
20
You find a skeleton with the head of the humerus fused, the hdad of the femur fused to shaft and condoyles joined to shaft of femur, illium, ischium and pubis fully ossified, and lamboidal suture open. How old was this person when he died?
20
You find a skeleton with the head of the humerus fused, the hdad of the femur fused to shaft and condoyles joined to shaft of femur, llium, ischium and pubis fully ossified, and lamboidal suture open. How old was this person when he died?
20
In what year were the recommendations concerning the examination and identification of controlled substances finalized by SWGDRG?
2000
Approximately how many eggs does a female Calliphoridae lay in her lifetime (according to lecture)?
2000-3000
Approximately how many eggs does a female calliphoridae lay in her lifetime?
2000-3000
In which year did the state of New Jersey pass legislation requiring a SANE in every county prosecutor's office in the state?
2001
In which year did theWorld Report on Violence and Health get released?
2002
When were fingerprints subjected to the Daubert standard in court
2003
When were fingerprints subjected to the Daubert standard in court?
2003
"According to the chapter on Wildlife Forensics, which year saw the largest number of cases?"
2006
According to the chapter on wildlife forensics, which year saw the largest number of cases?
2006
When does the lamboida suture BEGIN closing?
21
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans inherit from their parents
23
How many pairs of chromosomes, including the gender chromosome, do humans have?
23
After how many hours are most of the biological changes, typically used to estimate time of death completed?"
24-48
After how many hours are most of the biological changes, typically used to estimate time of death completed?
24-48 hours
You find a spatter pattern with blood drops mostly 1-4 mm in diameter. How fast was this blood traveling?
25-100 feet per second
What is the total magnification range of the compound binocular microscope, according to your reading?
25-1200 times greater than the object
What was the speed of the Ford F-150 at the beginning of the skid marks
28
Urea
2nd largest constituent of urine. Breakdown of protein. Directly related to diet of the individual. Found in urine, semen, saliva, sweat and serum. Crystals form when combined with xanthydrol and acetic acid (indirect method). Urea nitrate crystals form when acetone extract of a urine stain is followed by a conversion to urea nitrate (direct method). Is hydrolyzed to CO2 and ammonia in presence of enzyme urease
"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number 2 is known as:"
2nd molar
How many larval instars do blow flies have?
3
How many larval instars to blow flies have?
3
What is the minimum number of consecutive striations that must be found on each bullet to constitute a match?
3
What percentage of human genomic DNA codes for proteins?
3
Bone
3 layers: periosteum, hard, spongy
What is the normal clotting time of blood that has exited the body from healthy individuals?
3-15 mins
What is the normal clotting time of blood that has exited the body from healthy individuals?
3-15 minutes
Indican
3-indoxy sulfuric acid. Can be detected w/ TLC
In general, how quickly do liquids pass through the stomach?
30
What is the cutoff point between high velocity and low velocity injuries?
300 meters per second
Approximately how many animal species are protected under the endangered species act (according to lecture)?
3000
How many teeth do most human adults have?
32
Street heroin is approximatly how pure
35%
Street heroin is approximatly how pure?
35%
Approximately how many cockroach species are found in the world? How many of these are found in the US?
3500, 55
Approximately how many cockroach species are found in the world? How many of these are found in the US?
3500,55
The CGS level assoicated with disarticulation of the skull and skull fragmentation is:
4
Approximately how long does it take intraocular fluid to dry up after death?
4 days
What is the range of the total volume of blood in healthy individuals?
4.5 6.0 liters
Traveling at 10 mph, how many feet would the F-150 travel when full braking in the parking lot?
4.7 feet
Death from blood loss
40%
Death from blood loss happens at approximatly:
40% blood volume
Death from blood loss happens at approximately
40% blood volume loss
Death from blood loss happens at approximatly:
40% blood volume loss
In normal individuals what percentage of blood is comprised of cellular components
45%
In normal individuals what percentage of blood is comprised of cellular components?
45%
According to the lecture, about how many victims were found during the Green River murder investigation?
48
What United States Constitutional Amendment states the right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable search and seizure but is limited by interpretation?
4th ammendment
The controlled substance act classified into how many schedules
5
What is the distance from the beginning of the skid marks to the point the pedestrian was hit?
5
You find a spatter pattern with blood drops mostly 4-8 mm in diameter. How fast (approximatly) was this blood moving?
5 feet per second
Approximately how many GSW deaths are from exsanguination?
50%
Plasma makes up _______ of whole blood and is referred to as blood ___________.
55% and serum
Seminal fluid
60% seminal vesicle fluid (proteins, flavins). 30% prostatic fluid (AP, PSA). 5% epididymis secretions. 5% bulbourethral gland secretions.
An unknown body gets the following Gustafson score:A=2P=3S=2T=2C=1R=2. What is the person's approximate age?
66 years
The speed of dropping blood maxes out at
7 feet
How many grains in a pound?
7000
According to lecture, what percentage of data intercepted at night coming from the dorms at TAMU involved download of torrents and porn? "
75%
Urine production
750 mL - 2000 mL
Currently, how many minutiae are needed for a positive print identification?"
8--16
A healthy, normal-sized man dies in his home. The ambient temperature is 74 F, and he is not near a draft. He is wearing a light shirt and shorts. You take his body temperatures: Skin: 76.6 F; Liver: 82.6 F; Underarm: 78.6 F; Scalp: 74.6 F; Mouth under tongue: 80.6 F. Approximately how long ago did he die (assuming his normal body temp is 98.6 F, and he was not running a fever?)"
8-11 hours
Currently, how many minutiae are needed for a positive print identification?
8-16
Approximately what percentage of blood types are Rh+?
85%
Approximatley what % of blood types are Rh+
85%
"According to the FBI database, how many serial killers are male? "
88.20%
According to the FBI database, how many serial killers are male?
88.20%
What degree of impact is associated with a circular shape?
90
"you measure a drop of blood, and get its length at 10 mm and its width at 10mm. This blood hit the target surface at what angle?
90 degrees
Dr. Jones mentioned that Facebook can figure out your economic status with _________ accuracy.
90%
What degree of impact is associated with a circular shape?
90%
Scientific certainty is generally restricted to what percent levels?
90% or higher
Which death situation is most likely to be reversed given cutting edge techniques?
A 4 year old boy falls through the ice and is under in 40 minutes
What is anthropophagy?
Destruction of body by predators
Controlled substances are:
Determined by federal or state laws
The concept known as equifinality refers to what?
Different agents of bone modification producing similar types of damage
Which of these is an example of a poison
Digitalis
Which of these is an example of a poison?
Digitalis
Which of these is considered a remote action poison? (5)
Digitalis, hydrogen sulfide, ether, alcohol, CO
You want to test an unknown substance for barbiturates. Which of these is the best choice?
Dillie-Koppanyi test
What credential is increasingly utilized nationally and internally to qualify expert witnesses in court?
Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology
What credential is increasingly utilized nationally and internationally to qualify expert witnesses in court?
Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology
What is the best way to identify fecal matter?
Direct Observation
"According to profiling theory, an investigator should interrogate an organized killer by using: "
Direct confrontation
What is the best way to identify fecal matter?
Direct observation
Which is the best way to identify fecal matter?
Direct observation
Agglutination assays
Direct: antibody interacts directly w/ antigens located on the cell surface. Passive: antigen bound to a carrier before the addition of antibodies.
What two properties of light do isotropic materials not affect?
Direction and vibration
What is determined by examining the edge characteristics of an individual stain?
Direction of Flight
What is determined by examining the edge characteristics of individual stains?
Direction of Flight
What is determined by examining the edge characteristics of individual stains?
Direction of flight
The MEDICAL definition of a wound is:
Disruption of the continuity of the tissues by external mechanical force
A conscious attempt to deliberately attempt to minimize or deny symptoms of a mental disorder is known as what?
Dissimulation
At what firing range does no detectable gunshot residue reaches the skin or clothing of the victim?
Distant Shots
At what firing range does no detectable gunshot residue reaches the skin or clothing of the victim?
Distant shots
According to your reading, what is perapst the single most important task of the crime scene investigator?
Documentation of the crime scene's original condition
Advantages of bluestar
Does not need total darkness. Chemiluminescence is often brighter and last longer than laminal. Creates intense blue light
What type of revolvers are fired by a long trigger pull that raises the hammer, indexes a firing chamber under the hammer and then allows the hammer to drop, firing the cartridge?"
Double action revolver
Who wrote Dentistry in Legal Medicine?
Dr. Amoedo
Who submitted an affidavit of his examination of bloodstain evidence and findings in the case of State of Ohio v. Samuel Sheppard in 1955 which became a significant milestone in the recognition of bloodstain evidence by the American legal system?
Dr. Paul Kirk
Who was the doctor who used maggot debridement therapy in World War I?
Dr. William Baer
The pins that prevent a lock from turning without a proper key are called:
Driver Pins
The pins that prevent a lock from turning without a proper key are called:
Driver pins
Which of these is most profitable?
Drug Trafficking
What is the workplace drug testing primarily concerned with?
Drugs of abuse
What type of extraction involves using a solvent to dissolve and remove the compound of interest from a sample matrix?
Dry Extraction
What type of extraction involves using a solvent to dissolve and remove the compound of interest from a sample matrix?
Dry extraction
What type of extraction involves using a solvent to dissolve and remove the compound of interest from a sample matrix? Dry extraction
Dry extractions
What is the chemical color test to confirm the presence of cannabinoids and THC
Duquenois Levine test
What is the chemical color test to confirm the presence of cannabinoids and THC?
Duquenois Levine test
You want to test an unknown substance for marijuana. Which of these is the best choice?
Duquenois-Levine color test
You want to test an unknown substance for marijuanna
Duquensoiis-Levine color test
Leuco dye
Dye whose molecules can acquire two forms, one of which is colorless. When reduced is a colorless agent. Capable of being reconverted to the original dye by oxidation. Compounds used as biological stains/dyes all have chromophoric group, structure which gives them color
Which is NOT a symptom of brain death (according to lecture)?
EKG silence
Excess antigen
Each antibody becomes saturated with antigen. Precipitate forms but then diminishes. Cross linking can't occur.
Excess antibody
Each antigen molecule is rapidly saturated. Cross linking doesn't occur. No precipitate formed
Which is NOT a reason teeth are excellent for forensics?
Each tooth has an individual ridge pattern which can be used alone to identify a person
When did the Palmer system begin to be taught?
Early 20th Century
When do basic pattersn of friction ridge skin form?
Early embryonic development
The 'triangle of safety' involves
Ears, side of face, neck, and top of shoulders
Why is mitochondrial DNA more useful compared to nuclear DNA?
Easier to retrieve even if damaged
What is the term for the sweat glands found in friction ridge skin?
Eccrine
Linkage of persons, scenes or objects is based on what?
Edmond Locard's exchange principle
Which is the correct order for blow fly development?
Egg, larvae, pupae, adult
What body parts couldn't leave a pattern transfer from friction ridge skin?
Elbows
What are the five basic methods of heat production?
Electrical, mechanical, compressed gas, nuclear, chemical
Which rifling technique involves applying a voltage between the barrel and an electrode resulting in the barrel becoming the anode in an electrochemical cell?
Electrochemical etching
What is the most discriminating technique of glass?
Elemental profiles
Immunogen
Elicits antibody formation, proteins, polysacchardies, glycolipids, glycoproteins,
"According to profiling theory, an investigator should interrogate a disorganized killer by using: "
Empathy
What is pain referred to as when the film formed by chemical cross linkage of a number of its components?
Enamel
What is the hardest substance in the body?
Enamel
What is used to move the slide or breechblock back after a semiautomatic pistol is fired?
Energy produced by the fired cartridge
What technological advancement lead to a greater ability to discriminate between individuals and evidentiary material?
Enzyme Markers
What technological advancement lead to a greater ability to discriminate between individuals and evidentiary material?
Enzyme markers
What is acrosome
A capsule of enzymes on the anterior portion of the sperm cell
What is an acrosome?
A capsule of enzymes on the anterior portion of the sperm cell head
A crescent-shaped laceration on the head can indicate:
A circular or spherical implement
Narcissism entails:
A concentration of the psychological interest in the self
A macroscopic crime scene is most likely to be searched by:
A crime scene investigator or field tech
What is an opiate?
A large class of drugs able to cause euphoria as well as relieve pain
An amorphous material is:
A material in which the molecules are not arranged regularly
What is the difference between a medical examiner and a coroner?
A medical examiner is a medical doctor, while a coroner is an appointed or elected official
Cocaine is considered:
A naturally occuring drug
Morphine is considered:
A naturally occuring drug
A spree killer is:
A person who had murdered two or more victims in a short time in multiple locations with no cooling off
A mass murderer is
A person who has murdered more than four people during a single event with no cooling off
A mass murderer is:
A person who has murdered more than four people during a single event with no cooling off
A serial killer is:
A person who has murdered three or more people over a period of more than a month with a cooling off period
Sadism entails:
A pervasive pattern of cruel, demeaning, and aggressive behavior
Distal embolization occurs when:
A projectile slows enough and enters the vascular system
Hemotoxyin and eosin (H&E)
!!! look up
Approximately how many cockroach species are found in the world? How many of these are found in the US?
"3500, 55"
In humans, two DNA loci code for amylase. Which statement is true?
"AMY1 codes for the amylase found in saliva, breast milk, and perspiration."
n humans, two DNA loci code for amylase. Which statement is true?
"AMY1 codes for the amylase found in saliva, breast milk, and perspiration."
What does ADME stand for?
"Absorption, distribution, metabolism, exertion"
"You are caught with hemp seeds in your cabinet, which you use for baking. What is the potential penalty for this?
"Community service, provided you have a good lawyer"
What is the correct order for blow fly development
"Egg, Larvae, Pupae, Adult"
When using the Benzidine test, what needs to happen to observe a color change?"
"Hemoglobin needs to oxidize the chemical, which then turns blue"
Why was the case People v Hawthorn important to forensic psychology?
"It resulted in psychologists being evaluated on their expertise, not the presence or absence of a medical degree"
Pin stacks consist of:
"Key pins, driver pins and springs"
Three genetic loci control PGM polymorphism. Where are they located?
"Locus 1 on chromosome 1, locus 2 on chromosome 4, and locus 3 on chromosome 6"
Tool mark evidence that is too large to be collected directly should be:
"Measured, photographed and cast"
What are the three main components of DNA?
"Pentose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base"
Psychopathy entails:
"Persistent violation of the rights of others, a disregard for such rights, a lack of empathy for the feelings of others, a lack of remorse for any offense or injury to others, an inflated self-concept, and a superficial charm"
What is anthropology?
"The study of origins, behavior, and development of humans"
A good example of a fixed point for sketching a crime scene would be:
A recorded utility pole
Y-shaped splits at the corners of lacerations can indicate:
A rectangular implement
Which of these is considered low velocity?
A rock falling at 51 meters per second
What is a control sample?
A sample of carpet from a separate room or protected area
"You are convicted of possessing a controlled substance with no bodily injury or death. Since this is your first offense, you get a few months in jail and a fine of $100,000. Which of these drugs did you probably have?
A schedule V drug
You are convicted of possessing a controlled substance with no bodily injury or death. Since this is your first offense, you get a few months in jail and a fine of $100,000. Which of these drugs did you probably have?
A schedule V drug
According to your reading, what is increasingly the entry-level requirement for a crime scene processing job?
A science degree from a college or university
LSD is considered:
A semisynthetic drug
According to your reading, what is ethics?
A set of rules that govern conduct of a professional working in a given field
Which is not part of TLC?
A solvent comprised of blue ink and water
An endangered species is:
A species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range
What is a chromogene?
A substance capable of generating a colored species
Phencyclidine is considered
A synthetic drug
Phencyclidine is considered:
A synthetic drug
An indentation tool mark is made when:
A tool is pressed against a softer surface
Which of these is indicative of a male pelvis?
A triangular pelvis
Which of these is indicative of a male pelvis?
A triangular pubis
"You run a starch-iodine test and end up with a clear area on the plate, surrounded by a field of dark blue. What do you know?
The substance is positive for amylase
A psychological test which shows patients ambiguous drawings of scenes and asks for the patient's intepretation of events is called (as we went over in class):
Thematic apperception test
You find a blood stain that is positive for salivary amylase. What do you know?
This is expirated blod
You find a blood stain that is positive for salivary amylase. What do you know?
This is expirated blood
you find a blood stain that is positive for salivary amylase. What do you know?
This is expirated blood
According to the universal numbering system, tooth number 34 is known as:"
This isnÕt one of the teeth
You find a body and the livor mortis shows blanching when touched. What do you know?
This person has been dead less than 8-12 hours
You see ashes and soot left over from a fire. What do you know?
This was the result of incomplete combustion
Who wrote The Identification of the Human Skeleton, A Medicolegal Study?
Thomas Dwight
Who wrote the identification of the human skeleton, A Medicolegal Study?
Thomas Dwight
Which is a characteristic of minor wildlife crime offenders?
Those who violate permits and are more opportunistic
Three genetic loci control PGM polymorphism. Where are they located?
Three genetic loci control PGM polymorphism. Where are they located?
The key elements to observe and document for a vehicular accident include all but what?
Time of day
You are looking for biscuit beetle eggs in your pantry. What should you look for?
Tiny and Pearly white eggs
Material fatigue is most commonly exhibited by what part of a car?
Tires
Which development technique is used for prints on adhesive surfaces?
Titanium Dioxide
Which development technique is used for prints on adhesive surfaces?
Titanium dioxide
Which of the following is NOT part of latent fingerprint development using fingerprint powders?
Try to get as much of the brush as possible in contact with the print
Which of the following is not part of latent fingprint development using fingerprint poweder
Try to get as much of the brush as possible in contact with the print
How can you tell expirated blood from other types of blood spatter Saliva or mucus in the blood Air bubbles in the blood
Two of these
How can you tell exported blood from other types of blood spatter?
Two of these
What must be added to a compound microscope in order for it to be converted to a polarized light microscope?
Two of these
Which area(s) of the large instine most commonly present with ulcers?
Two of these
Which fracture types can tell us which hole formed first in glass?
Two of these
Which of these has begun to replace SANE programs?
Two of these
What is a toxicant
Type of poison made by humans or introduced into human enviornment by human activity
Which of the following is the definition of 'plastic' in a fingerprint context?
Visible reproduction of friction ridge skin in a malleable substrate
"Those that kill because they are ""told"" to, and tend to be paranoid or schizophrenic are known as: "
Visionaries
The space left in blood spatter when something covered in blood is removed is called
Void
Bivalent
Two identical antigen binding site. Allows cross-linking by binding to two different cells simultaneously.
Who is considered the western hemisphere's fingerprint pioneer?
Vucetich
who is considered the western hemisphere's fingerprint pioneer?
Vucetich
Which type of blood cells are needed for DNA typing?
WBC's (white blood cells)
Advantages of testing Sg over PSA
[ ] of Sg in seminal fluid higher than PSA. Found outside of semen, not found in urine, milk or sweat where PSA can sometimes be detected.
"A female murderer that preys on husbands, children or other relatives for monetary gain is known as: "
a black widow
Fingernail impressions tend to make which type of wound?
abbrasion
If the pedestrian was walking at 5.64 feet per second, how long would that take?
about 5 seconds
You see several insects flying zig zag around your living room at night. Where would you look for an infestation ?
in the pantry or in fire
You see several insects flying zig zag around your living room at night. Where would you look for an infestation ?
in the pantry or in food
Secondary dentin is most noticeable:
in the pulp cavity
A forest fire caused by someone trying to burn down a forest is known as:
incedndiary
The earliest phase of fire that may last from seconds to hours is known as:
incipient
The area in which an offender works or some other area with which the offender is familiar are called:
activity nodes
What is the term for the impression from the writing instrument captured on the second sheet of paper below the one that contains the original writing?
indented writing and second page writing
A wide v pattern:
indicates a slow burning fire
Primary Rxn
initial binding of a single antigen and antibody to form an antigen-antibody complex
Benzidine
aka Adlers test. Contains acetic acid and ethanol. Turns dark blue. Known carcinogen
Christmas staining
aka Kernechtrot Picoindiogcarmine Stain (KPIC). Nuclear fast red- stains nuclear material. Head and e-cell nuclei. Picroindigocarmine- sperm tails and cytoplasm of e-cells stain light green or bluish-green.
Which of these can NOT be determined using insects?
algor mortis
For what reasons is estimating time of death important? Humanitarian reasons Legal implications Success of investigation All of the above
all of the above
In what cases may the exclusion of insects be seen?
all of the above
In which way does a semi auto and automatic firearms function?
all of the above
What is a category of tool marks?
all of the above
What is a type of fraudulent writing?
all of the above
What is considered a general rifling characteristic?
all of the above
What is considered a general rifling characteristic? Number of lands and grooves Caliber Number of lands and grooves Direction and degree of twist
all of the above
The controlled sbstances act of 1970 regulates: The manufacture of controlled substances The importation of controlled substances The posession of controlled substances The use of controlled substances
all of these
Which of these is an appropriate evidence container for an arson investigation?
all of these
Which of these would be considered a projectile?
all of these
The liquid portion of paint is called:
solvent
A technique in which DNA is transferred onto a nylon membrane d anradioactive probes are added to the DNA in order to visualize.
southern blotting
What is the powder used for developing latent prints on adhesive tapes?
sticky side powder
What type of gunshot residue deposition is caused from large propellant particles that travel further than finer particles?
stippling
An assumption of profiling is:
the offenders personality will not change
"According to your reading, what concept needs to be included in the definition to truly define a serial killer?"
the psychological propensity to re-offend
A red color change in a Marquis test is indicative of (according to lecture):
aspirin
An explosion formed when fresh oxygen is introduced to a smoldering fire is called:
backdraft
The Dillie-Koppanyi test screens for:
barbiturates
Antibody profiling
based on the existence of individual specific auto-antibodies (ISAs) which perform a housekeeping function by ridding the body of dead and diseased cells.
Glass with added sodium oxides and borax fledspath has the property of:
being resistant to thermal shock
______ pigments give fecal matter its smell and color
bile
"You open a package of dried soup, and see many brown insects, approximately 1/8 in. long. The top of the soup package has several tiny holes. What has probably infested your soup?"
biscuit beetle
You open a package of dried soup, and see many brown insects, approximately 1/8 in. long. The top of the soup package has several tiny holes. What has probably infested your soup?"
biscuit beetle
A female murderer that preys on husbands, children or other relatives for monetary gain is known as:
black widow
Calliphoridae are commonly known as:
blow flies or bottle flies
A male serial killer that preys on wives, children or other relatives for monetary gain is known as:
bluebird
Forensic Serology can be defined as the examination and analysis of
bodily fluids
What is/are the main objective(s) of CODIS?
both a and b
What sex of flies are attracted to a carcass in order for its genitalia to develop?
both male and female
Physical Developer
both water soluble and insoluable
What color do carboxymyoglibin and carboxyhemoglobin appear as?
bright red
How does an adult fly emerge from its pupal casing?
by inflating a bladder under its forehead
A psychological test which shows patients ambiguous drawings of scenes and asks for the patient's intepretation of events is called (as we went over in class):
thematic apperception test
What is the term used to describe the diameter of a circle that is tangent with the top of the lands of the rifling?
calliber
Which of these is associated with a disorganized crime scene
there are sexual acts after death
You are investigating a beating in a small bathroom. The victim is found in the corner in a pool of blood with a huge spatter pattern on the walls. You see lines of circular and elliptical blood drops on the ceiling. What caused these patterns (probably)?
cast off
"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number E is known as:"
cenrtral incisor
"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number 8 is known as:"
central incisor
According to the universal numbering system, tooth number E is known as:"
central incisor
Advantages of starch-iodine radial diffusion
cheap, fairly easy, can run multiple samples on same gel, identifies amylase
Phadebas paper
insoluble blue dye attached to starch polymer. Upon hydrolysis by amylase, blue dye released. Active ingredient of the Phadebas tablets are starch polymer chains that are interlinked to form spheres of uniform and pre-defined size- called bio-degradable starch microspheres (DSMs). DSMs are insoluble in water. Presence of amylase, DSMs are degraded by enzyme, at a speed increasing with the solution's amylase activity
The larvae stage between molts is known as:
instar
The larval stage between molts is known as:
instar
Teichmann test
consists of heating dried blood in presence of glacial acetic acid & a halide (chloride) to form a hematin derivative. Rxn converts hemoglobin to hemin. Formed crystals are rhombic and brown Age of stain does not impact testing
Breast milk
contains low levels of salivary alpha amylase (higher than most other body fluids besides saliva). Exhibits fluorescence at 450 nm w/ orange filter
Those killers that are paid to kill are known as:
contract
Those killers that are paid to kill are known as:
contract killers
Seratec
control region contains immobilized polyclnal goat anti-rabbit antibodies. Sample well area contains rabbit antibodies and monoclonal anti-human hemoglobin. Test region contains another anti-human hemoglobin
Which is not a medico legal division of wound classes as we discussed during lecture
contusion
Possible reasons for fluorescence of dried semen stains:
conversion of non protein compounds to compounds that are capable of fluorescing, growth of bacterium, presence of flavins
"A murderer that kills to save money, especially those that kill employees is known as: "
cost cutter
A murderer that kills to save money, especially those that kill employees is known as:
cost cutter
The FBI now use the phrase ___________ to describe their method of offender behavior and analysis.
criminal investigative analysis
"According to your reading, the main advocate of the Investigative Psychology profiling method is:"
david canter
Disadvantages of starch-iodine radial diffusion
difficult to use as a locator, not specific to saliva.
SAP strucutre
dimeric glycoprotein. Catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of an ester linked phosphate group from any number of monophosphate substrates, like the ones that naturally occur in semen and those used in colormetric analysis
"According to profiling theory, an investigator should interrogate an organized killer by using: "
direct confrontation
The theory that crimes will decrease in frequency the further away an offender travels from his or her home base is the:
distance decay
Which of these is a geographical expression of the principle of least effort?
distance decay
What type of revolvers are fired by a long trigger pull that raises the hammer, indexes a firing chamber under the hammer and then allows the hammer to drop, firing the cartridge?
double action revolver
What type of extraction involves using a solvent to dissolve and remove the compound of interest from a sample matrix?
dry extraction
when did the palmer system begin to be taught
early 20th century
Simple immunoelectrophoresis
electric current used to separate antigens w/in a sample before antibody is added
Cross-over
electricity drives the antigen and antibody toward each other (antigen is negatively charged and will migrate toward the anode)
Which rifling technique involves applying a voltage between the barrel and an electrode resulting in the barrel becoming the anode in an electrochemical cell?
electrochemical etching
"According to profiling theory, an investigator should interrogate a disorganized killer by using: "
empathy
Disadvantage of glycogen staining
end of urethral canal in penis also contains glycogenated e-cells. Low [ ] in mouth. Anal/rectal area may contain some glycogenated cells but stains from these area often contain fecal material, which may help distinguish them
What is used to move the slide or breechblock back after a semiautomatic pistol is fired?
energy produced by the fired cartiridge
What term is defined as the study of insects?
entomology
What technological advancement lead to a greater ability to discriminate between individuals and evidentiary material?
enzyme markers
Menstrual blood
epithelial cells usually present, glycogen, doesn't clot, lactate dehydrogenase (LHD). Endometrial cells from uterus may be identified microscopically
Keratinized
epithelium occurs mainly in the skin, also found in the mouth and nose, providing a tough, impermeable barrier. Keratin is a tough insoluble protein that essentially waterproofs the skin
What types of bullets are produced by inserting percussion caps in the hollowed out noses of hollow point bullets?
exsplosive
The need for specific inanimate objects in sexual gratification is known as
fetishism
The temperature at which liquid will produce vapors that will sustain combustion is known as:
firepoint
The temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture at its surface is known as:
flashpoint
Squamous cells
flat cells w/ an irregular flattened shape
The most expensive pest for pet owners is:
fleas
What are the first insects usually attracted to remains?
flies
Urobilinogen
fluoresce apple green w/ HgCl2, ZnCl2 and UV light
A low velocity projectile can still do considerable damage if:
if it has high weight
What United States Constitutional Amendment states the right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable search and seizure but is limited by interpretation?
Fourth Amendment
What is a more common finding in manual strangulation?
Fraction of the cornu
A massive dose of poison that causes death without preceding symptoms is called
Fuminant poisoning
massive dose of poison that causes death without preceding symptoms is called
Fuminant poisoning
Tandem mass spectrometers are not
Futuristic super machines
What is the component of Lophophora diffusa that produces hallucinogenic effects?
GC-MS
Which technique is a type of confirmatory analysis?
GC-MS
When analyzing handwriting movement, when moving a pen overhand or clockwise, it's referred to as: "
Garland Movement
What is the term used to describe the number of spherical lead balls having the diameter of the interior of the barrel that weigh one pound.
Gauge
The Daubert trilogy is made up of three trials. One is the Daubert trial. What are the other two?
General Electric Co. vs Joiner and Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael
Low explosives _________, whereas high explosives ________
Generate pushing power; generate shattering power
What is an example of a non-porous substrate?
Glass
Which of these is considered an irritant poison
Glass Powder
Which of these is considered and irritant poison
Glass powder
What is necessary to detect vaginal secretions?
Glycogenated epithelial cells
Prostate specific antigen (PSA)
Glycoprotein made up of 237 amino acids. Aka P-30. Possesses antigenic properties. Reacts w/ anti P-30 produced in animals. Present in seminal fluid at [ ] of 0.5-2.0 mgl/ml. Produced by the epithelial cells that line the ducts of the prostate gland.
Which of these historical figures is credited with establishing scientific examination of firearms evidens in the United States?
Goddard
Long UV (365-415)
Good for body fluids such as semen and saliva, greenish fluorescence. NO barrier filter required for viewing, but UV protective goggles should be worn to protect the eyes
Chemical Mapping
Good for fabrics that are not ideal for visualization w/ an ALS. Highly absorbent, white, dark, garments otherwise stained
Which jury is tasked with handing down an indictment?
Grand jury
Which type of jury is empowered to decide if the evidence against a defendant warrents proceeding to the next step?
Grand jury
What is the likelihood of recovering mtDNA in small or degraded biological samples?
Greater than finding nuclear DNA because mtDNA molecules are present in hundred to thousands of copies per cell
What is the likelihood of recovering mtDNA in small or degraded biological samples?
Greater than finding nuclear DNA because mtDNA molecules are present in hundreds to thousands of copies per cell
Hydrogen sulfide poisoning leaves what color liver?
Green
Whose experimental findings were that second generation reappearance of characteristics present in one of the grandparents used in his studies demonstrated that inheritance was particulate and mixing did not alter genes?
Gregor Mendel
Which of these historical figures is coined the term "criminalistics"?
Gross
The misting effect is a pattern associated with what?
Gunshot
Who coined the term Criminalistics?
Hans Gross
Schedule II drugs:
Have high potential for abuse but have an accepted medical use
Schedule I drugs:
Have high potential for abuse with no accepted medical use
Schedule III drugs
Have low potential for abuse with an accepted medical use
Schedule III drugs:
Have low potential for abuse with an accepted medical use
What type of tool is used to measure the number, direction and degree of twist of lands and grooves?"
Helixometer
Phenolphthalein tests for the presence of:
Hemoglobin
Why does hydrogen peroxide bubble up in the presence of blood?
Hemoglobin has peroxidase-like activity
Copy of "When using Luminol, what needs to happen to observe a color change?"
Hemoglobin needs to oxidize the chemical which then gives off light
Copy of when using luminol what needs to happen to observe a color change
Hemoglobin needs to oxidize the chemical which then gives off light
When using Luminol, what needs to happen to observe a color change?
Hemoglobin needs to oxidize the chemical which then gives off light
When using the Benzidine test, what needs to happen to observe a color change
Hemoglobin needs to oxidize the chemical, which then turns blue
_________ is need for the transport of oxygen and _________ is needed for clot formation
Hemoglobin; Platelets
_______is needed for the transport of oxygen and _______ is needed for clot formation
Hemoglobin; platelets
What is a system in which the US has adapted ten print sets for classification
Henry System
What is a system in which the United States has adapted ten print sets for classification?
Henry System
hich fingerprint classification system is still in use in most English speaking countries today
Henry classification system
What is a system in which the United States has adapted ten print sets for classification?
Henry system
Diacetylmorphine is also known as:
Heroin
Who was the first credited European to recognize the value of fingerprints as a means of personal identification?
Herschel
SAP found..
High [ ] in semen. Very low [ ] in blood of healthy males. Higher [ ] in the blood of males suffering from prostate cancer. In male urine.
Vaginal secretions
High [ ] of Glycogen. Lugo's iodine- Stains glycogen brown w/ iodine and cells w/out glycogen stain golden yellow
Under which circumstances is adipocere most likely to form?
High humidity and temperature
Tramline bruising is indicative of:
High velocity impact with a cylindrical solid object
A round, crater-shaped hole with a wide exit side in a pane of glass indicates:
High velocity projectiles
Gun shot wounds tend to produce
High velocity spatter patterns
Gun shot wounds tend to produce:
High velocity spatter patterns
Combination of DNA & Specialized proteins are called?
Histones
What is toxicokinetics?
How drugs and poisons move through the body
S=√30df helps you calculate:
How fast a car was going
What is toxicogenomics?
How genetic factors play a role in the toxicity of a drug or poison
What is toxicogenomics?
How genetic factos play a role in the toxicity of a drug or poison.
What determines how much residue of an accelerant will be left and for how long?
How volatile the accelerant is
What is the process in which a probe along with a radioactive label is bound to DNA fragments?
Hybridization
Early apperance of decomposition is indicative of which of these conditions
Hydrogen Sulfide
Which of these is considered a remote action poison?
Hydrogen Sulfide
Early appearance of decomposition is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Hydrogen sulfide
DNA is held together by __________ bonds and can be broken by _______ temps.
Hydrogen...high
A woman dies in her air conditioned home. The ambient temperature is 74.6 F. You take her body temperatures: Skin: 70.6 F; Liver: 74.6 F; Scalp: 68.6 F; Underarm: 71.6 F; Mouth under tongue: 71.6 F. Her normal body temperature was 98.6 and she was not running a fever at death. Approximately how long has she been dead?
I cannot tell from this situation
"If you were to ask Brent Munyon, what is always an appropriate answer at a crime scene?
I don't know
Azoospermia
lack of sperm in semen
Secondary dentin is most noticeable:
In the pulp cavity
Laser Capture Microdissection
laser cuts around the sample and it is transferred directly into a tube for analysis. Advantage is you can select only the cells of interest for analysis. Disadvantages: expensive instrument, requires special software, slides, adhesive film, tubes
"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number D is known as:"
lateral incisor
The principle that states that given two alternative courses of action, people will choose the one that requires the least effort is called the: "
least effort principle
Trace evidence is the basis of:
Locard's principle
Which PGM polymorphism is considered forensically important
Locus 1
Which PGM polymorphism is considered forensically important?
Locus 1
Three genetic loci control PGM polymorphism. Where are they located?
Locus 1 on chromosome 1, locus 2 on chromosome 4, and locus 3 on chromosome 6"
Alopecia and hyperpigmentation is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Long term arsenic poisoning
Which type of print pattern occurs in about 60% of prints?
Loop
Cast off is classified as
Low or medium velocity spatter
Cast off is classified as:
Low or medium velocity spatter
Cast off is classified as:
Low or medium veloicty
Vomitus
Low pH from stomach acid in stain. Distinctive odor due to butyric acid. Amylase by increase saliva production. Pepsin (digestive enzyme)
Passive Blood drops are considered:
Low velocity
You find a spatter pattern with blood drops mostly 4-8 mm in diameter. You characterize this pattern as:
Low velocity
Which of these is the most sensitive when looking for blood
Luminol
Duquenoise-Levine
MARIJUANNAAAAA
Which sort of national and international laws were NOT established at the beginning of the twentieth century?
Make sure people eat more delicious animals
Bacteria break down amino acids into (3)
Methyl mercaptan, indol, skatole
The application of a microscope and microscopial techniques to the observation, collection and analysis of micro-evidence is called:
Microanalysis
Which is not an example of presumptive test?
Microcrystal Test
Which is not an example of presumptive test?
Microcrystal test
Bone from non-bone
Microscopic analysis: bone has fairly compact surface, some graininess. SEM and Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS)- elemental analysis of specimen, calcium to phosphorous ratio, useful when sample is extremely small, fragmented or damaged.
Which of these is a nondestructive approach to comparing ink lines?
Microsphectrophotometer
What are amplicons?
Millions of Identical Copies of the original or target DNA
What are amplicons?
Millions of identical copies of the original or target DNA
What is the term for the features of friction ridge patterns?
Minutiae
Those that kill to clean up the world are known as:
Missionaries
What bloodstain alteration results in bloodstains being diluted?
Moisture
What is always better when documenting blood stain evidence?
More
Heroin is a derivative of:
Morphin
Heroin is a derivative of
Morphine
Heroin is a derivative of:
Morphine
Heroine is a derivative of
Morphine
Epithelium
lines the outside of the body (skin), the interior cavities and the vessels in the body. Outermost layer of skin is composed of dead stratified squamous epithelial cells, as are the mucous membranes lining the inside of mouths and body cavities
Whre are drugs primarily metabolized?
liver
Forensic science should:
ll of these
What is a female fly's only maternal concern?
locate most optimum location
Oligospermia
low sperm count of 20 mil sperm per ml or less
Hard bone
made up of crystalline mineral salts, calcium, collagen and various growth factors
The controlled sbstances act of 1970 regulates: The manufacture of controlled substances The importation of controlled substances The posession of controlled substances The use of controlled substances
It regulates all of these
When a candle burns, what happens to the wax?
It vaporizes and reacts with oxygen in the air
Functions of salivary amylase
maintain oral health, lubricate passage of food, break down carbohydrates
The Dillie-Koppanyi test screens for:
marijuana
The Duquenoise-Levine color test screens for:
marijuana
"According to your reading, before 1980 serial killers were grouped with all other murderers with more than one victim and termed:"
mass murderers
According to your reading, before 1980 serial killers were grouped with all other murderers with more than one victim and termed:
mass murders
Avidity
measure of overall strength of antigen-antibody binding
Affinity
measure of the interaction btwn a single antigen epitope and a single antibody binding site
Disadvantages of chromatographic cards
not absolutely species specific, high dose effect w/ some brands, more expensive relative to screening tests or gels. Cannot determine species origin.
Uritrace (Abacus)
not antibody based. Color change greater than the negative (substrate) control indicates presence of creatinine. Limited sensitivity/specificity info available.
What is responsible for the environmental breakdown of DNA?
nuleauses
The steps in copying DNA are
obtain a sequence of double stranded DNA, split into separate strands, synthesize new complements
Precipitation
occurs due to extensive cross-linking btwn soluble antigens and corresponding antibodies
Feces
odor mainly due to breakdown of amino acids into skittle, indole and methyl-mercaptan by bacteria. Brown color due to stercobilin (urobilin), a breakdown product of hemoglobin
How is a fly quickly attracted to a dead body?
odors
Deep cyanosis on the fingers and lips is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
opium
The most common way of being exposed to a poison (according to lecture) is
oral
the mainstay of the FBI profiling approach is the:
organized/disorganized dichotomy
What part of the cartridge will firing pins mark?
primer cap
What is the single direction in which light vibrating is absorbed referred to as?
privileged direction
Agglutination
process in which particulate antigens are linked together by their corresponding bivalent or multivalent antibodies
Production of SAP
produce in the epithelial cells located in the ducts inside the prostate gland. AP is excreted into the seminal plasma when the prostate glands contracts during ejaculation. Controlled by sex hormones
alpha-amylase
produced by humans and some animals that have a diet of complex carbohydrate. Responsible for catalyzing the breakdown of starch, amylose and amylopectin into smaller less complex sugars
Saliva
produced in mucous cells and serious cells
The Rorschach test is a type of:
projective test
What does "corpus delicti" mean?
proof that a crime was commited
Someone able to inflict pain or cruelty without feeling emotion is known as:
pyschopath
An assumption of profiling is:
the signature will remain the same
Comparisons among test reagents
Most sensitive: Luminol, benzidine, o-too, TMB Most specific: LMG, KM Most hazardous: benzidine and derivatives
Immunoelectrophoresis
Movement of electrically charged substance under the influence of an electric field.
Those that kill or hurt others in order to be admired for curing them or get sympathy are diagnosed as:
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy
Disadvantages of luminol
Must be used in complete darkness, rxn is temporary, photography expertise required, can dilute weak/small stains, decreasing the chances of obtaining a DNA profile. Many false positives including detergents and bleach
The infestation of living human or other vertebrate animals with dipteran larvae is termed what?
Myiasis
What is fly strike?
Myiasis
You are trying to analyze some striations on a bullet. Which forensic database should you use?
NIBIN
Where do flies lay their eggs on a newly dead body?
Natural body openings and wounds
A guy dies of heart attack. No foreign substances were found in his blood stream. What is the manner of death?
Natural causes
Under which of these circumstances does a body NOT have to undergo an autopsy?
Natural death while under a doctor's care
The initial color of a bruise is a product of:
Natural skin and blood pigments
In the collision model, the dynamic impact model uses numeral integration of
Newtons second law
Which of these drugs of abuse is not considered illegal at the federal level?
Nicotene
Which of these drugs of abuse is not considered illegal at the federal level?
Nicotine
which of these drugs is not considered illegal at the federal level?
Nicotine
How is a fly quickly attracted to a dead body?
Odors
Arterial Spurts are typically found:
On walls and Ceilings
Arterial spurts are typcially found:
On walls and ceilings
Which of these describes a confirmatory test?
P30 in the sample to react with antibodies
According to the lecture, __________ was the test used to help convict the criminal.
PCR
You are trying to analyze some car paint from a hit and run. Which forensic database should you use?
PDQ
What is an example of a porous substrate
Paper
What is an example of a porous substrate?
Paper
The determination of paper thickness generally requires the use of what?
Paper micrometer
Attempted suicide that doesnt cause death: cry for help is called
Para suicide
Who is known as the father of modern toxicology
Paracelsus
Who originated the concept 'the dose makes the poison'
Paracelsus
"The enduring patterns of sexual behavior in which unusual objects, rituals or situations appear to be necessary for the person's full sexual satisfaction are known as:"
Paraphilias
Attempted suicide that doesn't cause death; cry for help is called
Parasuicide
Accidental head injuries tend to involve:
Parietal bone, occiput or forehead
Salivary glands
Parotid- near the ears Submandibular and sublingual glands- under the tongue
What bloodstaining includes transfer, flow patterns, saturation stains, and stains from dripping blood
Passive
What bloodstaining includes transfer, flow patterns, saturation stains, and stains from dripping blood?"
Passive
What bloodstaining includes transfer, flow patters, saturation stains and stains from dripping blood?
Passive
Immunodiffusion
Passive movements of Ab and Ag.
Who is a physician that specializes in pathology and the diagnosis of disease and sub specializes in the area between law and medicine?
Pathologist
Who were the first questioned document examiners?
Penmen
Which of these is NOT considered a biological fluid in humans?
Pericardium
"Of the choices, which is the largest (on average)?
Periplaneta Americana
Of the choices, which is the largest (on average)? "
Periplaneta americana
Enhancement of blood prints based on
Peroxidase Reaction
What reaction are most bloody fingerprint enhancement reagents based on?
Peroxidase reaction
Psychopathy entails:
Persistent violation of the rights of others, a disregard for such rights, a lack of empathy for the feelings of others, a lack of remorse for any offense or injury to others, an inflated self-concept, and a superficial charm
"According to lecture, which is considered a major motivational element by psychologists
Personality
"According to lecture, which is considered a major motivational element by psychologists? "
Personality
You would like a drug removed from the controlled substances list. What do you do?
Petition the DEA
Liquid accelerants fall into the two categories of
Petroleum distillates and non-petroleum products
Hardening of oral mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons
Phenol
Hardening of oral mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Phenol
How does the brentamine fast blue test work
Phosphatase breaks down sodium-a-napthyl which reacts with o-dianisidine to result in a color change
How does the brentamine fast blue test work?
Phosphatase breaks down sodium-a-napthyl which reacts with o-dianisidine to result in a color change
What part of the nucleotide makes up the backbone of the helix?
Phosphoric acid group
A luminous stomach wall is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Phosphorous
Hemorragic spots undr the skin or mucus membranes are indivative of which of these
Phosphorous
Hemorrhagic spots under the skin or on the mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Phosphorous
A charred liver is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Phosphorus
A luminous stomach wall is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Phosphorus
Which section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences does not have relevance for wildlife forensics?
Psychiatry and behavioral sciences
An offender's signature speaks to:
Psychological needs and motivation
An organized crime scene is said to be associated with:
Psychopathy
Prior to what do most anthropologists not attempt to assign sex?
Puberty
What is the most reliable indicator of adult age?
Pubic Symphysis
What is the most reliable indicator of adult age?
Pubic symphysis
What type of analysis is performed on insects and is generally consistent in terms of drug analysis?
Qualitative
what type of analysis is performed on insects and is generally consistent in terms of drug analysis?
Qualitative
An osteobiography does NOT focus on:
Quantifying organ toxicology
Albert Osborn wrote which book?
Questioned Documents
ALS Pros
Quick and non-destructive, no contact btwn the light and item/sample being examined
Erythrocytes are known as
RBC's
Ouchertony
Radial double diffusion through agar gel. Antiserum in center well. Sample extracts/controls in surrounding wells. . Diffusion of Ab and Ag thru gel. Immunoprecipitate lines where Ab-Ag complex formed. Can be stained w/ coomassie blue for better visualization of precipitin band.
All but which one of these is a reason due to a decreased death rate in vehicular accidents?
Raise the legal driving age
Admissibility or inadmissibility of trial information is determined by the application of what?
Rule of evidence
"Which of these is considered the ""reconstructionist's best friend"" by our guest speaker? "
S=√30df
The acid phosphatase test searches for the presence of
SAP
The acid phosphatase test searches for the presence of:
SAP
You are trying match a shoeprint from a scene. Which forensic database should you use?
SICAR
What are the three classes of DNA polymorphisms
STRs, SNPs, VNTRs
What are the three classes of DNA polymorphisms
STRs, SNPs, VNTRs"
Which of these personality types take pleasure in the psychological or physical suffering of others?
Sadists
What is the first universal rule of processing a crime scene?
Safety First
SALIgAE
Saliva reacts w/ colorless test solution to produce strong yellow color change in 1-10 min. Stain extracted in water or saline.
Bath salts are considered a ___________ controlled substance
Schedule I
Heroin is a _________ controlled substance.
Schedule I
Marijuana is a ____________ controlled substance
Schedule I
Mexcaline is considered a _____________ controlled substance
Schedule I
Mexcaline is considered a _____________ controlled substance.
Schedule I
Shrooms are considered _____ controlled substances
Schedule I
Shrooms are considered a ____________ controlled substance
Schedule I
Shrooms are considered a ____________ controlled substance.
Schedule I
Which of these holds the highest penalty?
Schedule I Drugs
Which of these holds the highest penalty?
Schedule I drugs
Amphetamines are considered a _______________ controlled substance
Schedule II
Amphetamines are considered a _______________ controlled substance.
Schedule II
Cocaine is considered a ___________ controlled substance.
Schedule II
PCP is considered a ___________ controlled substance.
Schedule II
PCP is considered a ________________________ controlled substance
Schedule II
Codeine cough syrup is consisered a ______________ controlled substance
Schedule IV
Ephedrine is considered a ______ controlled substance
Schedule IV
Ephedrine is considered a _____________ controlled substance
Schedule IV
Which is a characteristic of organized illegal trading wildlife crime offenders?
Sinister contigents invovled in clandestine poaching for financial gain
Who was the scientist that helped arrest the right criminal during the Narborough investigation?
Sir Alec Jeffreys
Who came up with the names arch, whorl, and loop when describing fingerprints?
Sir Francis Galton
Who came up with the names arch, whorl, and loop when describing fingerprints?"
Sir Francis Galton
Who published the first scientific book on fingerprints, titled 'Finger Prints'?
Sir Francis Galton
Wrote the first scientific on fingerprints
Sir Francis Galton
Bacteria break down amino acids into
Skatole
What are the main research objects in accident reconstruction, according to your reading?
Skid marks
What types of markings on a bullet are marks parallel to the axis of the bullet made when the bullet initially enters the rifling?
Skid marks
An example of irreversible work during an automobile accident is which of the following?
Skidding
Which cells contain nuclear DNA?
Skin cells
Doesnt effect prints
Skin color
Which of these are NOT factors that could affect the appearance of fingerprints?
Skin color
What skeletal feature do many methods use for forensic ancestry?
Skull
What skeletal features do many methods use for forensic ancestry?
Skull
When attempting to distinguish race from a skeleton, where are the two biggest differences found?
Skull and Femur
When attempting to distinguish race from a skeleton, where are the two biggest differences found?
Skull and femur
Disadvantages of x-mas tree stain
Slides older than 5 years have exhibited some bleaching of sperm heads. Other cellular material such as bacteria, yeast, and blood cells will stain red.
The surface tension of blood is
Slightly less than water
Which development technique is used on currently or previously wet substrates?
Small particle reagent
Periplaneta Fuliginosa is commonly known as:
Smokybrown Cockroach
Periplaneta fuliginosa is commonly known as:
Smokybrown cockroach
What type of bore are shotguns?
Smooth bore
Smooth, hard, nonporous surfaces will create:
Smooth circular blood drops
Smooth, hard, nonporous surfaces will create: "
Smooth circular blood drops
Which of these meals is likely to pass through the stomach quickest?
Smoothie
Normality is based on:
Social Consensus
Normality is based on
Social consensus
Normality is based on:
Social consensus
Which of these is the most prevalent type of glass?
Soda lime glass
What color test reacts with the lead components of gunshot residue and is indicative of a scarlet color
Sodium rhodizonate
What color test reacts with the lead components of gunshot residue and is indicative of a scarlet color?
Sodium rhodizonate
What is the term for the phenomenon of a solid passing to vapor phase without becoming a liquid?
Subliming
Which antibiotic becomes incorporated in the mineralization of teeth and bone?
Tetracycline
at is the major active agent in Marijuana?
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC
The model penal code was written by:
The American Law Institute
Who determines which new substances are added or removed to the controlled substances list?
The DEA and the FDA
The older a pupae is:
The darker it is
Which of the following is a function of the Pathology Unit of the National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory?
to figure out what species of plant a particular seed is from
What are the marks left on photocopies caused from dirt, scratches, etc left on the surface of the drum, cover, glass plate, or camera lens of a photocopy machine?
trash marks
Phadebas Forensic tube test
tube test is useful if amylase is suspected/detected in an area that exhibits other staining such as semen, blood or heavy vaginal deposits. Quantifies more accurately the amylase activity in a positive stain. The optical density of the sample can be measured using a spectrophotometer and compared to a standard curve.
Urea
turn pink/red in presence of DMAC and acid
What was the speed of the truck at impact?
two of these
Which area(s) of the large instine most commonly present with ulcers?
two of these
the use of what part of the electromagnetic spectra can aid in determine the difference between two papers?
ultraviolet
A forest fires started when someone was mowing their dry grass and caused a spark is known as:
unintentional
Absorption-inhibition method
unknown stain + antisera → allow absorption to occur → spin and remove supernatant → add known cells to supernatant → allow absorption to occur → look for agglutination
Myiasis falls under which sub section of forensic entomology?
urban entomology
You are asked to investigate a case of mortuary neglect. What area of forensic entomology do you practice?
urban entomology
Urine detection relies on identifying __________ and ___________
urea; creatinine
The bodily fluid detected the least by forensic laboratories is
urine
Phadebas forensic press test
used for detecting and identifying hidden saliva stains (mapping)
What do phosphorus and calcium do for bone?
Provides hardness
Most illegal mushrooms fall into which genus?
Psilocybe sp
Most illegal mushrooms fall into which genus?
Psilocybe sp.
How long has forensic odontology been used?
Since 66 AD
Early rigor is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Strychnine
Which of these chemicals is commonly used in mammalian pest control?
Strychnine
Serology
Study of blood and its constituents
What do critics claim that firearm and tool mark examination are?
Subjective
Immunological test
Test for human hemoglobin or glycophorin A
What is the term used for a definitive procedure that produces results?
Test method
What distinguishes an explosion from combustion?
The speed at which the reaction occurs
Herbert Leon MacDonnell conducted hist first bloodstain institute in Jackson, Mississippi in what year?
1973
In what year was the Endagered Species Act passed?
1973
When was the endangered species act passed?
1973
What is an advantage of GC-MS?
Provides the most accurate confirmation of identification
What are friction skin ridges good for, biologically?
Providing firmer grasp and resistance to slippage
First criminal indicted on DNA evidence
-Collin Pitchfork
What are amplicons
-Millions of copies of original DNA
Which of the following products or acts is NOT prohibited under the initial Lacey Act?
Foreign commerce in illegally obtained wildlife
Brentamine reaction
1. alpha-naphthyl phosphate + acid phosphatase -> free naphthol + sodium phosphate 2. free naphthol + colorless azo dye -> color change
Asphault has an approximate coefficient of friction of:
0.8
How many grooves does a hook cutter make with one swipe?
1
The maximum punishment for violating the endangered species act is a fine of $50,000 and up to ____ years in prison
1
When SEM is combined with EDS what is the smallest size particle that can readily be resolved?
1 micrometer
How long is the required program for being certified in forensic psychiatry?
1 year
ow long is the required program for being certified in forensic psychiatry?
1 year
Absorption-elution method
1) Antigens are immobilized on a solid phase matrix 2) Antibodies are aded and absorbed 3) Unbound antibodies are washed away 4) Bound antibody is eluted 5) Eluted antibody is tested w/ indicator cells 6) Eluted antibody is identified by a positive agglutination run
Steps to Presumptive test
1) Organic chromogenic compound 2) Oxidizer
Approximately how much saliva does a typical human produce in a day?
1-1.5 L
Approximatly how much saliva does a typical human produce in a day
1-1.5 L
Two types of acid phosphatase
1. Seminal acid phosphatase (SAP) aka prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), Prostatic specific acid phosphatase (PSAP), or acid phosphatase (AP) 2. Vaginal acid phosphatase (VAP)
Traveling at 5 mph, how many feet would the F-150 travel when full braking in the parking lot?
1.2 feet
In temperate areas, approximately how long does it take for skeletonization to happen?
1.5 years
In general, how quickly do light meals pass through the stomach?
1.5-2 hours
How long is a forensic psychiatrists certification valid?
10 years
Approximately how many GSW deaths are from CNS injury?
10%
How far on smooth surfaces can dispersing larvae travel (according to lecture)?
100 feet
How far on smooth surfaces can dispersing larvae travel?
100 feet
Blood splatter less than 1mm
100 feet per second
You find a spatter pattern with blood drops less than 1 mm in diameter. How fast was this blood traveling?
100 feet per second
Approximately how many sperm cells can you expect per ejaulation event in a normal human male?
100-150 million
Approximately how many eggs does a female Calliphoridae lay at one time?
100-300
Approximately how many eggs does a female calliphoridae lay at one time?
100-300
Approximately how many species of Calliphoridae are described
1000
Approximately how many species of Calliphoridae are described?
1000
Approximately how many species of calliphoridae are described?
1000
In what centuries were some of the oldest publications found indicating that entomology is one of the oldest forensic sciences?
10th and 13th
In what centuries were some of the oldest publications found indicating the entomology is one of the oldest forensic sciences?
10th and 13th
When was Federal protection afforded for all birds of prey
1972
Herbert Leon MacDonell conducted his first bloodstain institute in Jackson, Mississippi in what year?
1973
When does friction ridge skin form?
12th week of development
How many loci have been selected as the standard in the United States
13
How many loci have been selected as the standard in the United States?
13
How many loci have been selected as the standard in the united states?
13
Tooth eruption is reasonably reliable up until what age?
14 years
Flies MAY colonize a body within
15 seconds
Flies MAY colonize a body within:
15 seconds
How far (on average terrain) do dispersing maggots travel?
15-20 feet
How far (on average terrain) do dispersing maggots travel?
15-20 ft
Using known frequencies we discussed in class, what percentage of serial killers fall into the standard profile of white make, mid to late 20s?
16.10%
Using known frequencies we discussed in class, what percentage of serial killers fall into the standard profile of white make, mid to late 20s? "
16.10%
Someone with potassium concentration of 7.86 in the vitreous died approximately how long ago? (Round to the nearest number of hours)
17 hours ago
The McNaughton rule stems from a case in
1843
When did thomas dwight write his famous anthropology paper?
1878
When was anthropometry officially implemented as an identification system in France?
1883
The Dreyfus affair happened in:
1894 and 1895
When did the Luetgert murder case take place?
1897
When was George Amos Dorsey called in as an expert witness?
1897
When was the Henry classification system developed?
1897
First wildlife act passed in
1900
In what year was the lacey act passed?
1900
When did Edmond Locard propose his principle of contact?
1910
Psychologists were used for the first time in a Belgian court in:
1911
In what year was the Migratory Bird Treaty passed?
1918
When did the Frye test come into existence?
1923
When did the FBI first create its forensic anthropology lab?
1932
When was the Guid to the Identification of Human Skeletal Material First Published?
1939
When was the Guide to the Identification of Human Skeletal Material first published?
1939
In which year were properly trained psychologists allowed to testify about the defendantÕs mental state?
1940
What year was psychological evidence (not directly applied to the mental state of the defendant) presented for the first time in a US court?
1954
A draft of what would become the Federal Rules of Evidence was put forth in:
1969
The controlled substances act came about in:
1970
When did the concepet of drugs being legal or illegal come about
1970's
When did the concept of drugs being legal or illegal come about?
1970s
In what year was the Marine Mammal Protection Act passed?
1972
Lawyers representing one of two rival positions arguing for acceptance is called:
Adversarial system
Bushmeat tends to come from which area?
Africa and Asia
Cross-over electrophoresis
Agar gel in butter. Stain extract in cathodic well; antiserum in anodic well. Electric current drives serum proteins toward the anode. Antibodies toward the cathode b/c of electroendosmosis. Current causes sodium cations in buffer to move toward cathode, carrying the antibodies w/ it.
Starch-iodine radial diffusion test
Agarose gel w/ starch added. Add samples and control. Incubate overnight. Add iodine solution. W/in secs iodine will turn starch a dark blue color. Areas w/out starch remain colorless. In presence of amylase, absence of blue color and its relative size can be used as in indicator of the hydrolysis reaction.
Who is known as the pioneer of the questioned document field?
Albert Osborn
Who is the field of questioned documents credited to?
Albert Osborn
Who was the French artillery officer charged with treason based on questioned documents
Alfred Dreyfus
Who was the French artillery officer charged with treason based on questioned documents?
Alfred Dreyfus
Who invented dynamite?
Alfred Nobel
What is a questioned document? Checks Wills Dollar bill Both A and B
All
What is not an example of a pyrimidine?
All are considered pyrimidines
For what reason is estimating time of death important?
All of the above
In what cases may the exclusion of insects be seen?
All of the above
In which way does a semi auto and automatic firearms function Blowback Recoil Gas Piston
All of the above
In which way does a semi auto and automatic firearms function? Blowback Recoil Gas Piston
All of the above
In which way does a semi auto and automatic firearms function? Blowback Recoil Gas Piston
All of the above
PCR can be described as
All of the above
What is a category of tool marks? Compression tool marks Sliding tool marks Cutting tool marks
All of the above
What is a questioned document? Checks Wills Dollar bill
All of the above
What is a questioned document? Checks Wills Dollar bill Both A and B
All of the above
What is a type of fraudulent writing? Freehand simulations Tracings Normal hand forgeries
All of the above
What is considered a class characteristic of a firearms?
All of the above
What is considered a general rifling characteristic? Number of lands and grooves Caliber Number of lands and grooves Direction and degree of twist
All of the above
What method takes advantage of the structure of the metal below the serial stamp being compressed and the structure weakened?
All of the above
An individual's competency is evaluated primarily in order to determine what
An individuals competency to stand trial
The carrier gas refers to
An inert gas such as helium (He) that flows over a thin solid phase in a column
the carrier gas refers to
An inert gas such as helium (He) that flows over a thin solid phase in a column
Which of the following is a function of the digital analysis unit of the national fish and wildlife forensics laboratory?
Analysis of Audio and Video collected from a suspects computer
Which of the following is a function of the Digital Analysis Unit of the National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory?
Analysis of audio and video collected from a suspect's computer
In the ACE-V procedure, what does 'A' stand for?
Analyze
In the ACE-V procedure, what does 'A' stand for?"
Analyze
A killer that kills patients for feelings of power and control is known as:
Angels of Death
the angle of ricochet is generally less than what other angle?
Angle of impact
How can we determine if blood is from a human?
Antibodies
According to our lecture, agglutination is a response to:
Antibodies and Antigens
Antibodies used to test for human blood are
Antibodies specific for human hemoglobin
Antibodies used to test for human blood are:
Antibodies specific for human hemoglobin
Single immunodiffusion
Antibody is incorporated into gel; antigen is loaded into wells and allowed to radially diffuse
Polyclonal
Antigen produce a series of antibodies to attack diff sites on the antigen. Allows agglutination/precipitation
Colormetric testing requires
Any Metal
Colormetric testing requires
Any metal
What is a poison?
Any substance administered in a living body that will produce ill health or death
Antigen
Any substance that stimulates an immune response or reacts with an antibody.
Plant peroxidase
Apple, apricot, bean, blackberry, artichoke, horseradish, potato, turnip, cabbage, onion, garlic, tomato, beet. Heat sample to 100C for 5 min to deteriorate the peroxidase. Heme will remain stable and test can be performed again.
What is agglutination
CLumping of erythrocytes
Which of these is considered a remote action poison
CO
What does the acronym CODIS stand for?
CODIS
You are trying to analyze some DNA evidence. Which forensic database should you use?
CODIS
Mescaline comes from what type of plant?
Cacutus
To what family do blow flies and bottle flies belong?
Calliphoridae
Which of these is of the greatest forensic importance (currently)?
Calliphoridae
Chemical oxidants
Can catalyze the oxidation rxn even in the absence of heme. Copper, nickel, rust, formalin, some bleaches, iodine, lead oxides, cobalt, some potassium components, metallic salts
Exculpatory evidence:
Can exclude a person as a source
Inculpatory evidence:
Can include a person as a source
What are the knurled grooves in bullets referred to as?
Cannelures
A hardened stomach wall is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Carbolic Acid
A hardened stomach wall is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Carbolic acid
High dose hook effect
Excess antigen cause false negative result. Hb [ ] too high causing huge amounts of free Hb to migrate toward the test region. Free Hb gets in the way of mobile Ag-Ab complex containing the pink dye and doesnt allow it to bind to antibody in test region
The number one primary cause for fatal vehicular accidents in 2009 was due to what?
Excessive speed
What types of bullets are produced by inserting percussion caps in the hollowed out noses of hollow point bullets?
Explosive
What smokeless powder process involves kneading together nitrocellulose and other ingredients with an organic solvent to form a dough-like mass?
Extruded powder process
ugo Munsterberg focused his research on
Eyewitness accounts
IAFIS is maintained by which governmental body?
FBI
Where was the pivotal article on examining skeletal remains written by W.M. Krogman in 1939 published?
FBI bulletin
Problems w/ cross-over electrophoresis
False negatives can occur due to postzone effect. Electrophoresis carried out in wrong direction causes samples to run off gel. Wrong buffer/current
Which of these is considered circumstantial evidence?
Fingerprints
Which of these is partially responsible for semen lighting up under a black light?
Flavins
Properties of blood
Fluid portion- plasma, cellular portion- RBC, WBC, Platelets
What type of structure do the plant stems of Cannabis satvia have?
Fluted
A fire's area of origin:
Follows the path of least resistance
Monoclonal
Identical antibodies produced by injecting a specific antigen into an animal then removing and isolating the antibody of interest. A specific antibody of interest that reacts w/ a single epitope
Which of the following is a function of the Chemistry Unit of the National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory?
Identification of toxins or poisons
False negatives
If blood is contaminated w/ strong reducing agent such as ascorbic acid. Blood can lose its solubility in very old stains or in stains that have been subjected to environmental insults
Antibody
Immunoglobulin (protein) capable of binding to antigens. Utilized by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects
What makes lockpicking possible?
Imperfections in pin hole alignment
You are examining tire marks in mud at a crime scene. Which type of evidence is this?
Impression evidence
The Phadebas reagent test can be performed in which two ways?
In a tube or on paper
You can most commonly find Blatella Germanica?
In kitchens and Bathrooms
You can most commonly find Blatella germanicaÉ
In kitchens and bathrooms
Evidence with blood on it must be packaged:
In paper bags
THC receptors are not found in
In the Brainstem
Where are red blood cells formed?
In the bone marrow
THC receptors are NOT found:
In the brain stem
Individualizing AMY1 and AMY2
Isoenzymes will separate with polyacrylamide or agar gel electrophoresis. AMY1 has 7 phenotypes and AMY2 has 3 phenotypes
Which bacterium causes semen to fluoresce
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Antigen-antibody binding
Includes hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals forces, and noncovalent bond formation. Binding process occurs rapidly and is reversible
What is the term for the impression from the writing instrument captured on the second sheet of paper below the one that contains the original writing?
Indented writing Second page writing
What type of infestation would you suspect in your home if you found larvae hanging from the ceiling and thread-like contaminants in your food?
Indian meal moth
A narrow V pattern
Indicates a fast burning fire
Bacteria break down amino acids into:
Indol
What compound of fecal mater give it its characteristic smell
Indol Skatole Methyl Mercaptan
What technique is customary in the United States for autopsy examination?
Inframammory Incision
Which of these is considered a confirmitory test for drugs?
Infrared Spectroscopy
Which of these is considered a confirmitory test for drugs?
Infrared spectroscopy
Which of theses is considered a confirmatory test for drugs
Infrared spectroscopy
Tetrahydrocannibinol:
Inhibits the enzyme adenylate cyclase
Which is NOT a usual site for defensive wounds?
Inner thigh
Most common powders are what
Inorganic
Most common powders are what?
Inorganic
The McNaughten Rule is used to determine what for a defendant?
Insanity
Typical post-coital interval (PCI)
Intact sperm in vagina <24 hrs Sperm heads in vagina 2-3 days Sperm heads in cervix 4-6 days P30 in vagina- <24 hrs AP in vagina 24-48 hrs
Whre are drugs primarily metabolized?
Liver
What is the definition of forensic entomology?
Interaction between arthropod science and the judicial system
What regime is w where the chemical energy stored in the propellant is converted into the kinetic energy of the projectile?
Interior ballistics
Who solves crimes?
Investigators
Which is a characteristic of serious, major wildlife crime offenders?
Involves major professional crime groups and involved in specific markets
Which development technique can also cause allergic reactions in people with shellfish allergies?
Iodine
Which development technique can also cause allergic reactions in ppl wiht shellfish allergies
Iodine
Which is the oldest development technique?
Iodine
Direct evidence:
Is evidence that establishes a fact without the need for further inference
Carbon monoxide (CO):
Is one of the superheated gases produced by fire
According to your reading, glass with a high boron content:
Is resistant to thermal shock
Which bacterium causes semen to fluoresce?
Pseudomonas fluorescens
What does 1:10 inches mean?
It indicates one turn of a bullet every 10 inches within a barrel
Why is one individual at the crime scene designated as the evidence collector?
It insures that evidence is collected, marked, sealed and preserved in a consistent manner
Why is cyanide dangerous
It interrupts the electron transport cascade
Why is cyanide dangerous?
It interrupts the electron transport cascade
What is true about handwriting?
It is a learned process
Why don't we use the benzidine test any longer?
It is carcinogenic
ALS Cons
It is possible to miss stains (not all stains will fluoresce), extended exposure to short wave UV light may be detrimental to DNA testing, ALS is only screening test. False positives include detergents, bleach, saliva, urine, hand lotions, cosmetics and many more
What is true about handwriting?
It's a learned process
Why does glass break in a variety of fracture patterns?
It's an amorphous material
People v Jennings is significant for fingerprints because:
It's the first official case to integrate fingerprints as evidence in America
What is true about handwriting?
Its a learned process
What happens if you don't photograph evidence at the scene?
Its inadmissible in court
What is a major problem with hair or fiber evidence?
Its not usually unique unless there's DNA
How a gas defuses in air depends on what?
Its vapor density relative to air
Which legal case sets a precedent for the defendant to be committed to a civil hospital?
Jackson v. Indiana
Which country was the last to sign the Migratory Bird Act?
Japan
A region or geographical area over which law enforcement or a legal entity can excise authority is known as:
Jurisdiction
Who is the trier of fact?
Jury
Phenolphthalin
Kastle-Meyer test. Alkaline conditions. Potassium hydroxide.
According to killer profilers, an organized killer:
Keeps daytime hours
"According to killer profilers, a disorganized killer: "
Keeps nighttime hours
The lock pins that directly touch a key are called:
Key Pins
The lock pins that directly touch a key are called:
Key pins
Court cases define the term "scientific" as:
Knowledge generated through the use of the scientific method
Hans Gross started which journal?
Kriminologie
Which of the following statements are false?
LC-MS cannot be used with 80% of organic chemicals
Which of these is LEAST likely to be purposely self-inflicted?
Laceration
What is anoxia?
Lack of oxygen
According to a 2009 report, which of these is a major challenge to the forensic sciences?
Lack of rigorous research into the sciences
What insect's predictable development is used to in estimating elapsed time since death?
Larval Diptera
What insect's predictable development is used to in estimating elapsed time since death?
Larval diptera
Titer
Last dilution showing a reaction (agglutination or precipitation)
"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number D is known as:"
Lateral incisor
How does a pellet masse spread when fired by a shotgun?
Laterally
Bluish discoloration of the gums is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Lead Poisoning
Bluish discoloration of the gums is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Lead poisoning
Distinguishing AMY1 and AMY2
Lectins used to preferentially inhibit one or the other. Monoclonal antibodies used to react w/ 1 type or the other (ELISA).
"For the purposes of criminal law, insanity is a _________ determination."
Legal
For the purposes of criminal law, insanity is a _________ determination."
Legal
What is manner of death?
Legal classification of death
A killer that murders patients for profit is known as:
Lethal Caretaker
Which of these are the richest source of DNA?
Leukocytes
Which of these cells are riches source of DNA
Leukocytes
Which of these cells are the richest source of DNA?
Leukocytes
Which of these cells are the richest sources of DNA
Leukocytes
Which of these makes up the least amount of whole blood
Leukocytes
Which of these makes up the least amount of whole blood?
Leukocytes
Who developed the ""Hacker's Code of Ethics?
Levy
If a forger attempts to make the letters and connecting strokes correct and pays less attention to speed of the signature what characteristic will suffer?
Line Quality
What will a tracing poorly reveal?
Line quality
Trace evidence is primarily used to:
Link individuals, objects, and scenes together
What type of extraction takes advantage of solubility characteristics and involves dissolving the sample in an aqueous solution then washing with an organic solvent?
Liquid/liquid extraction
Biological fluids are
Liquids excreted from living organisms
Where are drugs primarily metabolized?
Liver
Tetrahydrocannibinol is found in:
Marijuana
The Duquenoise-Levine color test screens for:
Marijuana
The most widely used drug in the U.S. is:
Marijuana
The most widely used drugs in the US is
Marijuana
You find Cannabis stavia at a scene. What did you find?
Marijuana
What is the point at which the glass is no longer visible reffered to as?
Match point
What is char?
Material composed of carbon that has been burned
Optimal Ag-Ab ratio
Max. cross-linking, precipitation occurs
What is the first known use of forensic anthropology?
Measurements of Skulls in an attempt to differentiate human bodies
What is the first known use of forensic anthropology?
Measurements of skulls in an attempt to differentiate human bodies
What is the cause of death?
Medical diagnosis denoting disease or injury
A microscopic crime scene on a body is most likely to be searched by:
Medical examiner
Who was the coroner replaced by in 1977 in Massachusetts?
Medical examiner
"According to our lecture, punching someone causes what type of blood spatter? "
Medium velocity
According to our lecture, punching someone causes what type of blood spatter?
Medium velocity
The row of cells resembling a canal that runs along the center of the hair shaft is called:
Medulla
A swollen, reddish, soft and greasy kidney is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons
Mercury
A swollen, reddish, soft and greasy kidney is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Mercury
Lophophora williamsii produces
Mescaline
Peyote is also known as
Mescaline
Peyote is also known as:
Mescaline
What is the component of Lophophora diffusa that produces hallucinogenic effects?
Mescaline
What is added to glass to make it sparkle more?
Metal oxcides
The steps in copying DNA are
Obtain a sequence of double-stranded DNA, split into separate strands, synthesize new complements
Yellowish oral mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Nitric Acid
Yellowish oral mucus membranes is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Nitric acid
What energetic compound is produced by the nitration of wood pulp or cotton lint?
Nitrocellulose
What is one of the first and most famous explosives?
Nitroglycerine
After reading the professors statement to the police, do you believe it is an accurate portrayal of how the events occurred?
No
The theory behind forensic odontology is:
No two mouths are alike
Which was NOT a hurdle when dealig with wildlife evidence in the court of law?
Nobody cared
Which of the following is a type of substrate that can be used with powder development techniques?
Non-porous
Which of the following is a type of substrate that can be used with power development techniques?
Non-porous
"Free base" and "crack" cocaine differ in what manner?
None of the above
What is not true about seminal acid phosphatase (SAP)?
None of the above
What is not true about seminal acid phosphatase (SAP)? SAP can be found in infertile and individuals who have had vasectomies. It is found in human semen at uniquely high levels SAP can be found in infertile and individuals who have had vasectomies. SAP activity is the best test for the presumptive identification of semen
None of the above
What type of forgery is where an individual does not attempt to copy the victim's signature of writing?
Normal Hand forgeries
What type of forgery is where an individual does not attempt to copy the victim's signature of writing?
Normal hand forgeries
What is responsible for the environmental breakdown of DNA?
Nucleases
How can you tell the instar of a Calliphoridae?
Number of slits in the spiracle
Which of these would be considered a synthetic fiber?
Nylon
Most common blood type
O+
Which of these is the most common blood type?
O+
How is total magnification computed?
Objective multiplied by the eyepiece
What is the first step in the scientific method?
Observation
Monovalent
One active site
Vaginal AP
Only diff btwn VAP and SAP is their electrophoretic mobility
Deep cyanosis on the fingers and lips is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons?
Opium
The most common way of being exposed to a poison (according to lecture) is
Oral
The most common way of being exposed to a poison (according to lecture) is:
Oral
Which of these chemicals is commonly used in agriculture?
Organophosphates
"You get a call from your friend. She recently went down into her basement, and was upset to see several glossy brown to black roaches, approximately 1 _ inches long. When she turned on the light, they ran away (they were rather sluggish) but didnÕt fly. She says she is used to seeing them out doors during the spring and summer, and commonly sees them near her lawn and compost pile. Now that itÕs winter, she is seeing them in her basement. She has only seen a few, however, and they are not in her upstairs bathroom. What type of roach do you think she has?"
Oriental Cockroach
The skeleton is formed by the development and growth of what
Ossification centers
The physical record of a person's life as told by his or her bones is:
Osteobiography
In 2009, what was the most contacted item in collisions with a vehicle?
Other vehicles
How many tropical fish are legally traded per year?
Over 5 million
What is trauma?
Physical injury
What kind of change does a drug cause once ingested?
Physiological
A poisonous substance produced by plants is
Phytotoxin
A tiger Penis is used for:
Pills for Strength
Carbon monoxide poisoning leaves what color liver?
Pink-cherry red
Cyanide poisoning leaves what color liver?
Pink-cherry red
We saw two types of arches on prints in class. What were they?
Plain and tented/spiked
Beta-amylase
Plants- breaks starch into sugar in ripening fruit. Yeast mold and bacteria
Which of these makes up most of whole blood
Plasma
Which of these makes up most of whole blood?
Plasma
V patterns:
Point directly to a point of origin for that pattern
The current model of forensic nursing evolved from:
Police medical officers in the United Kingdom and other countries
What component of soil can be a strong indicator of a location?
Pollen
PCR Stands for
Polymerase Chain Reaction
What does protein collagen do for bone?
Provides Flexibility
What does protein collagen do for bone?
Provides flexibility
Which is not an example of an opiate?
Poppy seed
What type of surface is ninhydrin extremely useful on?
Porous
Which of these is NOT a type of tooth?
Postmolar
What chemical gained some notoriety as a means of administering the death penalty in California?
Potassium Cyanide
Those killers that kill to exert power over strangers are:
Power seekers
Secondary Reaction
Precipitation, Agglutination
When fantasies are used to organize a collection of deviant thinking into a criminal thought, it is known as what?
Premeditation
Tests for detecting saliva
Presumptive: starch gel, Phadebas Confirmatory: RSID, RNA based
What part of the cartridge will firing pins mark?
Primer cap
Which of the following is the definition of 'patent' in a fingerprint context?
Prints which are visible at the scene and made in a foreign substance
3 gel forming proteins in semen
Produced by the seminal vesicle: fibronectin, semenogelin I, and semenogelin II
Picking a victim based on his/her characteristics is known as what?
Profiling
The Rorschach test is a type of:
Projective test
Tests that are based on the notion that if an individual is shown an ambiguous stimulus and asked to respond to it, his or her responses will reveal aspects of his/her personality.
Projective tests
P30 is specific to which organ?
Prostate Gland
P30 is specific to which organ?
Prostate gland
Sg I/ Sg II
Prostate tissue, penile tissue, skeletal muscle, kidney, colon, trachea, lung tumor
AP
Prostate tissue, vaginal secretion
PSA
Prostatic fluid, male serum, male/female urine, breast milk, breast tumors
What do phosphorus and calcium do for bone?
Provide hardness
What form of spectroscopy measures the shifts in energy when light is scattered by the electron cloud of a molecule?
Raman spectroscopy
Which of these would be considered a regenerated fiber?
Rayon
According to your reading, what is the final step in the forensic examination process?
Reconstruction of a crime scene
Where should you take body temperature for algor mortis calculations?
Rectum, liver, or brain
Erythrocytes are also known as:
Red blood cells
__________ _________ _________ carry oxygen and is most abundant cell in the blood system
Red blood cells
What is the correct series of color changes for a bloodstain as it ages?
Red?Reddish Brown?Black
Phenolphthalin
Reduced form of phenolphthalein. Colorless in alkaline solution. Stored over zinc granules. Turns bright pink. Phenolphthalein will return to colorless state in acid
A stimulant has all the following characteristics except
Reduced muscle activity
"What is ""insanity"" as it relates to the court of law?"
Relates to the defendant's mental state at the time the offense occurs
What kind of environment does super glue fuming require?
Relatively humid
Disadvantages of fluorescein
Requires ALS set to 450 nm to visualize stains. Similar disadvantages to luminol
The time at which a compound emerges from the column is referred to as
Retention time
What type of gun holds cartridges in a firing chamber in a rotating cylinder?
Revolver
What is the term for hills found in the patter of friction ridge skin
Ridges
What is the term for the "hills" found in the pattern of friction ridge skin
Ridges
Which FBI agent popularized the expression ""serial killer?"""
Robert Ressler
What causes entrance wounds in flesh to be round and/or elliptical?
Rotation from riffling
What is the adduct formed when ninhydrin reacts with amino acids?
Ruhemann's Principle
What is the adduct formed when ninhydrin reacts with amino acids?
Ruhemann's principle
What is the adduct formed when ninhydrin reacts with amino acids?
Ruhemann's purple
Showing many graphic and disturbing images during a court case would be in violation of:
Rule 403
You want to test an unknown substance for cocaine Which of these is the best choice
Scott test
You are working the scene of a body dump in which the victim was killed elsewhere. How do you classify the dump site?
Secondary crime scene
What is autolysis?
Self dissolution by body enzymes
"Which of these is not part of the serial killer ""triad""? "
Self harm
The Brentamine fast blue test is a presumptive test for:
Semen
LSD is considerred
Semi-Synthetic drugs
SAP
Seminal Acid Phosphatase
Next to blood, what is most frequently encountered in forensic casework?
Seminal fluid
Stability of SAP
Seminal stains can exhibit AP activity for years if stored in a cool dry place. Wet or dry seminal stains reported to maintain 100% of their AP activity after 1 year if stored at -20C. Dry seminal stains will lose half of their AP activity in 6 months if stored at 37C. Wet seminal stains will lose half of their AP activity in 2-3 months if stored at 37C.
Advantages of luminol
Sensitive, can help locate stains, can be sprayed over large areas, does not stain background of the substrate. Can detect very old stains that have been cleaned or painted over. Not detrimental to subsequent DNA testing. Rxn can sometimes be reproduced several times.
Which laws mandate the evaluation and treatment of sex offenders?
Sexual Psychopath Laws
What is the term defined as the difference in size and shape of the sexes?
Sexual dimorphism
A knife wound is:
Sharp force trauma
What is the most common type of projective for a shotgun?
Shot
Which is a natural fiber?
Silk
What element does physical developer deposit onto latent fingerprint residues?
Silver
What element does physical developer deposit onto latent fingerprint residues?
Silver Ag
Ring Precipitin Test
Simple diffusion btwn 2 liquids in contact w/ 1 another (double diffusion). Dissolved Ag (top) and Ag (bottom) diffuse into opposite layer. Line of precipitate forms at interface
Most heroin comes from:
Southeast Asia
Most heroin comes from:
Southeast asia
A Technique in which DNA is transferred onto a nylon membrane d anradioactive probes are added to the DNA in order to visualize.
Southern Blotting
A technique in which DNA is transferred onto a nylon membrane d anradioactive probes are added to the DNA in order to visualize.
Southern Blotting
You are looking at hand written letters written by adults around 1815. Which type of writing do you expect?
Spencearian
You are looking at hand written letters written by adults around 1815. Which type of writing do you expect?
Spencerian
The Christmas Tree stain is used to identify which cells?
Sperm Cells
The christmas tree stain is used to identify which cells?
Sperm Cells
The principal component of semen is
Spermatozoa
"When dropping through the air, blood is: "
Spherical
When dropping through the air, blood is:
Spherical
The killing of three or more victims in different locations but within the context of the one event is referred to as:
Spree murder
Post-coital interval can be affected by
Stage in menstrual cycle, washing/urinating/eating, movement, collection technique- washings, swabs, smears, liquid saliva, death-temperature, humidity
Periodic acid schiff (PAS)
Stains glycogen cells magenta. May use hematoxylin as a counterstain
Amylase Digests:
Starch
Amylase digests:
Starch
Oldest test for saliva
Starch-Iodine test
The oldest test for saliva we discussed in class was:
Starch-iodine test
Which microscope is generally employed first in the examination of trace evidence?
Stereo binocular microscope
You are caught with steralized hemp seeds in your cabinet, which you use for baking. What is the potential penalty for this?
Sterilized hemp seeds are not controlled substances
What is the powder used for developing latent prints on adhesive tapes?
Sticky side powder
What term is used to descibe the pattern of unburned powder that penetrates the skin?
Stippling
Of the listed organs, where would you expect autolysis to first become apparent?
Stomach
What is/are the main objectives of CODIS
Store DNA data from convited felons or suspects for future investigations -To helo solve cold cases that did not have the scientific technology to solve crimes
_________ is a death that occurs within a few hours of the onset of symptoms or death without any symptoms.
Sudden death
What Greek meanings describe the roots to the term pathologists?
Suffering and word
__________ is a light gold to glossy dark brown cockroach, 1/2 to 5/8 long, with transverse yellow bands across its wings
Supella longipalpa
___________ is a light gold to glossy dark brown cockroach, 1/2 to 5/8 long, with transverse yellow bands across its wings"
Supella longipalpa
Cyanoacrylate esters are commonly known as __________________
Superglue.
The Daubert case was decided by...
Supreme court
Defined as the force that pulls the surface molecules of a liquid toward its interior, decreasing the surface area and causing the liquid to resist penetration?"
Surface Tension
Blood with not break into smaller droplets or spatters unless what is disrupted?
Surface tension
Which rifling technique involves the use of cold-working to harden the interior of the barrel and permits the use of cheaper mild steel?
Swagging
Which rifling technique involves the use of cold-working to harden the interior of the barrel and permits the use of cheaper mild steel?
Swaging
Tiger whiskers are used as
Talismans
THG
Tamm Horsfall glycoprotein. Most abundant urinary protein. Can be detected using electrophoresis or other immunoassays.
What is the term defined as the immediate environment and surroundings where the body is found?
Taphonomic context
Which of these is the best source of DNA in a decomposed body?
Teeth
What is one of the most important factors that impact insect development?
Temperature
What is one one of the most important factors that impact insect development?
Temperature
Killers with lower IQs:
Tend to be engaged in disorganized crime scenes
Which ruling led to criteria referred to as general acceptance?
The Frye decision
An assumption of profiling is:
The M.O. remains similar
Which of these is considered class evidence in handwriting?
The Palmer method
Which of the following is NOT one of the most significant pieces of legislation in terms of wildlife forensics cases in the United States?
The Starling Trade Convention
Which of the following is NOT one of the most significant pieces of legislation in terms of wildlife forensics cases in the united states?
The Starling Trade Convention
Which portion accounts for 90% of the total length of a healthy sperm cell?
The Tail
The Durham rule states:
The accused is not criminally responsible if his unlawful conduct was the product of a mental disease or defect
Reduction
The addition of electrons to a substance. Strong reducing agents include sodium and potassium
The definition of entomology is:
The branch of zoology dealing with insects
"When dealing with accident reconstruction, our guest speaker called the ""stickiness of the road"": "
The coefficient of friction
According to your reading, impact can be divided into two phases. What are these phases/
The compression phase and the restitution phase
The M.O. tells us what about an offender?
The experience of the offender and situational/contextual factors involved in the crime
The M.O. tells us what about an offender?
The experience of the offender and situational/contextual factors involved in the crime`
How can you tell if the headlights or brake lights were on when a car had an accident?
The filament will unwind if they were on
Who is responsible for first securing and protecting a crime scene?
The first responder
"In forensic profiling, which of these is the primary unit of analysis? "
The individual
What is spoliation?
The intentional or negligent destruction or alteration of evidence
Cellular death is defined as:
The lack of metabolism and respiration in individual cells
How does the biscuit get into food?
The larvae penetrate food packaging
What does the method in which a latent print is developed depend on?
The latent print and the surface (both a and b)
The controlled sbstances act of 1970 regulates:
The manufacture of controlled substances The manufacture of controlled substances The importation of controlled substances The posession of controlled substances The use of controlled substances
A practical limitation of using minimum offense numbers to define serial killers is:
The number of offenses known by authorities may be less than the number of offenses actually committed by the person
A practical limitation of using minimum offense numbers to define serial killers is:
The number of offenses known by authroities may be less than the number of offenses actually committed by the person
How can you tell the instar of a Calliphoridae?
The number of slits in the spiracle
How can you tell the instar of a calliphoridae?
The number of slits in the spiracle
What is toxicology
The study of the effects of poison
What is toxicology?
The study of the effects of poisons
The brentamine fast blue test tests for:
The presence of seminal acid phosphatase
The root portion of a hair is called:
The proximal end
You run a starch-iodine test and end up with a clear area on the plate, surrounded by a field of dark blue. What do you know?
The sample is positive for amylase
Ballistics is:
The science of mechanics that deals with the flight, behavior, and effects of projectiles
Of these, which is the most common role for a forensic nurse?
The sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE)
Why isn't the Lamendin method used to age living people?
The teeth must be disarticulated from the jaw
What is a thermal death point?
The temperature above or below which an insect will die
What is the flash point?
The temperature at which a liquid forms an ignitable mixture
Admissibility or inadmissibility of information is determined by:
The trial court's application of the rules of evidence
Which of these is the primary concern of the first responder (choose the best answer)?
The victim
You have a bruise that is showing yellow coloration. Based on scientific evidence, what do you know for certain?
This bruise is more than 18 hours old
All of the following are issues with vaginal secretion detection except
There is a specific test to detect vaginal secretion.
The biggest difference between digital crime scenes and physical crime scenes is:
There is never just one digital crime scene
Which of these is an adequate substitute for photgraphy at a scene?
There is no adequate substitute for photography
What characteristic makes feeding insects useful in drug analysis?
They are alive
What is not true of immunoassays
They are incompatible with automation
What is not true of immunoassays?
They are incompatible with automation
What is not true of fuels?
They can be volitized and consumed in the liquid state
Why are red blood cells so useful for presumptive tests?
They contain hemoglobin
What is the analysis technique used for inks in which a portion of the suspect ink is separated from the paper using a solvent and is separated into bands of color as they migrate up the plate?
Thin Layer Chromatography
What is the analysis technique used for inks in which a portion of the suspect ink is separated from the paper using a solvent and is separated into bands of color as they migrate up the plate?
Thin layer chromatography
Why was the internet invented?
To allow information in a digital age to withstand a nuclear attack
Which of the following is a function of the Pathology Unit of the National Fish and wildlife forensics laboratory?
To figure out what species of plant a particular seed is from
According to your reading, what is the goal of science, broadly speaking?
To improve our understanding of the natural world
The major goal of working a crime scene is:
To reconstruct the events that generated the collected evidence
Hapten
Too small to elicit antibody production. A hapten conjuated carrier elicits antibody formation instead
A degree day is:
Total degrees of heat above a lower threshold accumulate in 24 hours
A degree day is:
Total degrees of heat above a lower threshold accumulated in 24 hours
A degree hour is:
Total degrees of heat above a lower threshold accumulated in 60 minutes
Which of these statements is true?
Toxicologists work with drugs or poisons after ingestion
Veins:
Transport blood back to the heart
Hemoglobin
Transport oxygen from lungs to body tissues. Tetrameric molecule
What are the most common blunt force injuries in society caused from?
Transportation collision
What are the marks left on photocopies caused from dirt, scratches, etc left on the surface of the drum, cover, glass plate, or camera lens of a photocopy machine?
Trash marks
What is an example of a semi-porous substrate?
Treated paper
Calcium binds with ___________ during the formation of rigor.
Troponin
"As mentioned in class, who has a large library of inks for analysis? "
U.S Secret Service
As mentioned in class, who has a large library of inks for analysis? "
U.S secret service
"As mentioned in class, who has a large library of inks for analysis? "
U.S. Secret Service
Fingerprints were subjected to the dauber standard in which case
US v Mitchell
Tiger Bones are used for
Ulcers and Arthritis
Fingerprints were subjected to the Daubert standard in which case?
United States v. Mitchell
Fingerprints were subjected to the dauber standard in which case?
United States v. Mitchell
Urine is sterile until
Until it reaches the urethra
You are asked to investigate a case of mortuary neglect. What area of forensic entomology do you practice?
Urban Entomology
What are the three areas of forensic entomology?
Urban, stored products, and medico criminal or medico legal
The bodily fluid detected the least by forensic laboratories is
Urine
DNA based assay
Use PCR to detect expression of genes exclusive to oral cavity. Specific but can degrade easily
Bluestar
Used as search tool for latent bloodstains. Similar to luminol except does not use sodium perborate.
Takayama test
Uses pyridine and sugar to induce the formation of hemochromogen. Hemochromogen is formed when ferrous iron from hemoglobin reacts with pyridine to produce red to pink feathery crystals of pyridine ferroprotoporphyrin. Not as vulnerable to overheating as Teichmann
Back spatter occurs:
Usually during high velocity spatter events like gunshots
Fluorescein
Utilizes fluorescence to detect and visualize laten blood stains. Prepared similar to phenolphthalein. Reduced in an alkaline solution over zinc to fluorescein. Yellow-green fluorescent light.
Which of these can give a false positive to a Brentamine fast blue test? (2)
Vaginal secretions, spermicides
What characteristic of different parts of a molecule does IR spectroscopy analyze when exposed to IR light?
Vibrations
Who is responsible for developing probability models, showing that fingerprints were unique?
Victor Balthazard
What is the process of using infrared to analyze inks where they can appear to glow, be transparent, or appear unchanged and also to analyze forgeries in passports, visas, etc.?
Video Spectral Comparison
What is defined as the reistance to change or folow
Viscosity
What is defined as the resistance to change of form or flow?
Viscosity
What is a chromogene?
What is a chromogene? A substance capable of generating a colored species
What is the correct series of color changes for a bloodstain as it ages?
What is the correct series of color changes for a bloodstain as it ages?
A cut mark is made when:
When a sharp edge separates an object into two parts
When do drugs become a law enforcment issue
When abused Lead to criminal behavior
An abrasion mark is made when:
When the surface of an object is ground away
A poisonous substance produced by animals is:
Zootoxin
Which of the following type of print would require a development technique to visualize?
Which of the following type of print would require a development technique to visualize?
Leukocytes are also known as:
White Blood Cells
Which type of blood cells are needed for DNA typing?
White Blood Cells
Leukocytes are also known as:
White blood cells
Which type of blood cells are needed for DNA typing?
White blood cells (WBCs)
Who starts the chain of custody?
Whoever collected the evidence
Which type of print pattern occurs in about 35% of prints?
Whorl
Who was the first credited European to recognize the value of fingerprints as a means of personal identification?
William J Herschel
Who is considered one of the major founders of forensic anthropology in the U.S?
William Krogman
Who wrote the guide to the identification of human skeletal material?
William Krogman
Who is considered one of the major founders of forensic anthropology in the U.S.?
Wilton Krogman
Advantages of Fluorescein
With addition of thickener, solution will adhere to vertical surfaces better than luminol. Fluorescin reportedly will not react w/ bleach, unlike luminol.
In order to develop PCR what characteristics of an enzyme were needed?
Withstand extreme heat needed to unzip the DNA strands
The Benzidine test:
Works on the same basic principle as hydrogen peroxide
What location on the body do flies prefer to lay their eggs to increase change of success of the offspring?
Wound
You find the presence of cocaine in amoeba in a sewer. How would you classify this chemical?
Xenobiotic toxin
What type of testing can unambiguously deterine what a male has contributed in a mixed sample?
Y-STR typing
Urine color
Yellow color due to urochrome pigment. A compound of urobilin or urobilinogen
Which of these writing sytems is currently used to teach children in the U.S.?
Zaner-Bloser
Which of these writing systems is currently used to teach children in the U.S.?
Zaner-bloser
According to your reading, which of these technical serial murderers isn't usually called a ""serial murderer?"
a contact killer
A killer takes public transportation to the crime scene, uses a weapon found at the scene, and doesn't follow the crime in the news. These are all indications of: "
a disorganized killer
A forest fire started during a lightening storm is categorized as:
a natural act
The BTK killer is considered:
a pyschopath
Which is not part of TLC?
a solvent comprised of blue ink and water
All of the following are components of saliva except
amino acids
Presumptive tests for saliva rely on detecting:
amylase
"A killer drives himself to a crime scene, moves the body, and brings his own murder weapon. These are all halmarks of:"
an organized killer
A killer drives himself to a crime scene, moves the body, and brings his own murder weapon. These are all hallmarks of:
an organized killer
A killer that kills patients for feelings of power and control is known as:
angels of death
Anti-H
anti-H is not produced in the human body, a seed extract called a lectin w/ anti-H properties is used.
Criminals that kill for no reason, show a lack of conscience, ignore social rules and laws, and have a pattern of irresponsible or harmful behavior are diagnosed as:
anti-social personalities
Double immunodiffusion
antibody and antigen are added to diff wells in the diffuse toward each other. Used in Precipitin assays
Rocket immunoelectrophoresis
antibody in gel matrix and antigen in the well moves into the gel through electrophoresis; quantitation possible by measuring height of the rocket-shaped precipitate
"Someone incapable of significant loyalty to individuals, groups or social values is diagnosed as having: "
antisocial
Criminals that kill for no reason, show a lack of conscience, ignore social rules and laws, and have a pattern of irresponsible or harmful behavior are diagnosed as:
antisocial personalities
Colormetric testing requires
any metal
From the edge of the sidewalk, how far would the pedestrian walk to reach the point she was impacted?
approximately 28 feet
Which type of print pattern occurs in about 5% of prints?
arch
Lethal caretakers:
are usually females
Luminol
chemiluminescence assay. Heme acts as a catalyst to accelerate the oxidation of 3-aminophthalhydrazide. Light takes several seconds to appear, can last up to 1-2 min and appears white-blue or blue-green. Works better on older stain. Wavelength of light generated is btwn 441nm and 452 nm. Higher wavelengths occurs w/ older blood b/c more oxidation of iron atom has occurred, producing hematin
The United States is currently in an informational war with:
china
Where is nuclear DNA found?
chromosomes
The number of lands and grooves on a bullet is considered:
class evidence
The results of clean combustion are:
co2 and water
A blue color change in a Scott test is positive for:
cocaine
The Scott test screens for
cocaine
The Scott test screens for:
cocaine
Which of the following is not an entry level requirement for DNA analysts?
completion of analytical, inorganic, and physical chemistry courses"
Spongy tissue
comprised of blood vessels and marrow
Advantages of chromatographic cards
confirms presence of blood, no false rxn w/ peroxidases, very sensitive, fairly species pacific, easy to use, quick results, safe
Nitrites (NO2)
detected by Greiss test. Undetectable after a few wks, so if positive the stain is relatively recent.
Chemical screening of feces
detection of urobilinogen, a bile pigment precursor excreted in feces
Abacus, Seratec
detects PSA
RSID
detects Semenogelin
RSID
detects gylcophorin A. Protein on cell membrane that prevents RBCs from sticking together. No high dose hook effect. No cross rxn w/ ferret, gorilla, chimp, orangutan
RSID saliva
detects human salivary alpha-amylase. Immunochromatographic cards. Use antibodies to detect presence of amylase rather than activity of amylase. Mouse monoclonal antihuman salivary alpha-amylase antibodies present in sample area. Antibody conjugated to colloidal gold. If human saliva present, Ag-Ab complex formed. Ag-Ab migrates to the test area of the strip. Immobilized antibodies in test area 'capture' the Ag-Ab complex, formin Ab-Ag-Ab sandwich. Colloidal gold accumulates at test area becomes visible as a pink band in the test region. No high dose effect
Anti-human serum
detects primarily human albumin- not component specific to blood. One of the most abundant proteins in human
Controlled substances are:
determined by federal or state laws
Which was NOT a hurdle when dealing with wildlife evidence in the court of law?
nobody cared
When do bed bugs feed?
nocturnally
what type of structure do the plant stems of Cannabis satvia have
fluted
PSA
found in low levels in breast milk, vaginal swabs, female urine, tumors in female breasts, ovaries, kidney, liver colon, esophagus, parotid, thyroid, and lymphoma
Creatinine
found in urine, sweat, serum and saliva. Creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body.
Which of these is the most accurate at long ranges?
full metal jacket
Tandem mass spectrometers are not
futuristic super machines
Which form of fuel actually burns?
gas
What were the scientists responsible for the early discoveries in forensic science considered due to the fact that they worked in many forensic disciplines?
generalists
A profiling method that focuses on the probable spatial behavior of the offender as a function of the locations of various crime sites is defined as a(n):
geographic profiling
The misting effect is a pattern associated with
gunshot
Microbial-Vac system
hand-held, non-destructive, wet-vacuum surface sampling device. Provides DNA extraction rates at a much higher rate of recovery than other methods.
Who was the first credited European to recognize the value of fingerprints as a means of personal identification?
herschel
Agglutination
interactions of Ab and Ag on the surface of cells/carriers will cause the cells to aggregate and form larger complexes. Each antibody binds to multiple antigens. A visible clumping is observed. Antibodies that induce agglutination are called agglutinins
What regime is w where the chemical energy stored in the propellant is converted into the kinetic energy of the projectile?
interior ballistics
the way in which people adopt a style of interaction when dealing with others is known as
interpersonal coherence
An inductive profiling method developed by David Canter based on psychological principles and research into various offense types is defined as a(n):
investigative psychology
Thiocyanate
ion that is detected by adding ferric chloride. ~2.5x higher in smokers. [ ] decreases with time. Found in other body fluids in lower [ ]. May be present in undetectable amounts or may have degraded w/ time, so a negative result does not exclude saliva
A secondary crime scene:
is any crime scene that came after the original criminal activity
Epitope
is the molecular structure of an immunogen that is recognized by an antibody
"According to the universal numbering system, tooth number 34 is known as:"
isn't one of the teeth
How can you decontaminate digital evidence once it's been contaminated?
it cant
How does air resistance affect projectiles?
it will slow the projectile
According to killer profilers, an organized killer: "
keeps daytime hours
How does the biscuit beetle get into food?
the larvae penetrate food packaging
"According to our lecture, punching someone causes what type of blood spatter? "
medium velocity
Adult Calliphoridae are usually:
metallic in color
Adult Calliphoridae are usually:
metallic in coloring
Those that kill to clean up the world are known as:
missionaries
What bloodstain alteration results in bloodstains being diluted?
moisture
Which is not an indicator of a liquids volatility?
molecular weight
Immunochromatographic assay
monoclonal dye-labeled antibody present in test strip sample well. If corresponding antigen is present in sample extract, an Ag-Ab complex is formed. Ag-Ab migrates to the test area of the strip. Test area has immobilized polyclonal antibodies that 'capture' the Ag-Ab complex. Ab-Ag-Ab sandwich formed. Dye becomes visible as a colored band in the test region.
Stratified
more than 1 layer of cells
Who is mitochondrial DNA inherited from
mother
Sperm Hy-liter disadvantages
multiple stain/incubation/wash steps, prep time: 1.5-2 hrs. Much more costly than other staining methods. Fluorescence microscope required.
Many serial sexual offenders display particular aspects of:
narcissism
Cocaine is considered:
naturally occurring drug
The deepest char is found:
near the area of origin
First instar larvae will feed
near the egg mass
First instar larvae will feed:
near the egg mass
The most ceiling damage is found
near the point of origin
You get a call from your friend. She recently went down into her basement, and was upset to see several glossy brown to black roaches, approximately 1 _ inches long. When she turned on the light, they ran away (they were rather sluggish) but didnÕt fly. She says she is used to seeing them out doors during the spring and summer, and commonly sees them near her lawn and compost pile. Now that itÕs winter, she is seeing them in her basement. She has only seen a few, however, and they are not in her upstairs bathroom. What type of roach do you think she has?
oriental cockroach
Periosteum bone
outside of the bone containing blood, lymph and nerve vessels
Bilirubin
oxidized to pink-red color w/ HgCl2
What is an example of a porous substrate
paper
The determination of paper thickness generally requires the use of what?
paper micrometer
The enduring patterns of sexual behavior in which unusual objects, rituals or situations appear to be necessary for the person's full sexual satisfaction are known as:
paraphilias
Who were the first questioned document examiners?
penman
Of the choices, which is the largest (on average)?
periplaneta americana
What reaction are most bloody fingerprint enhancement reagents based on?
peroxidase reaction
"According to lecture, which is considered a major motivational element by psychologists? "
personality
According to lecture, which is considered a major motivational element by psychologists
personality
The color portion of paint is called:
pigments
Which is NOT an example of an opiate?
poppy seed
What type of surface is ninhydrin extremely useful on?
porous
What type of identification are class characteristics are consistent and individual characteristics match?
positive
Which of these is NOT a type of tooth?
postmolar
Those killers that kill to exert power over strangers are:
power seekers
Erythrocytes are also known as:
red blood cells
Which is not a common form of heat transfer?
reduction
Which of these is associated with an organized crime scene?
restraints are used
The time at which a compound emerges from the column is referred to as
retention time
Shrooms are considered a ____________ controlled substance.
schedule 1
PCP is considered a ___________ controlled substance.
schedule 2
Amphetamines are considered a _______________ controlled substance.
schedule II
What is the area where material from the grave and surrounding area is sifted through to reveal human remains, artifacts, fibers, and associated insect?
screening area
Advantages of antibody profiling
screening test for DNA submission, bloodstain pattern analysis tool, remains identification, expanded criminal prosecution for cases that arent 'important enough' for DNA.
Autopsy' literally means:
see for yourself
Next to blood, what is most frequently encountered in forensic casework?
seminal fluid
Rosalind Franklin was one of the scientists who helped explain the official structure of DNA, but did not receive the Nobel Prize. Why is that?
she died before the award was given out
What is the most common type of projective for a shotgun?
shot
How long has forensic odontology been used?
since 66 A.D
According to your reading, ______ ________ are the main research objects in accident reconstruction
skid marks
What types of markings on a bullet are marks parallel to the axis of the bullet made when the bullet initially enters the rifling?
skid marks
Which cells contain nuclear DNA?
skin cells
Natural oxidation
slow oxidation that occurs in the air
Law enforcement considers what the greatest gift ever?
smartphones
Cellular micro-manipulation
smear slides are coated w/ a thin layer of water-soluble adhesive. A fine tip tungsten needle is used to pick up cells of interest
A fire that has been deprived of oxygen is:
smoldering
What type of bore are shotguns?
smooth bore
Normality is based on:
social consensus
John Wayne Gacy is considered:
sociopath pyschopath (two of these)
Of these, which is the ""lowest tech"" bullet? "
soft lead
Precipitation
soluble antigens bind w/ antibodies, and the individual Ag-Ab complexes form cross-linked complexes at optimal concentrations. Cross-linked complex is insoluble and precipitates out of the solution. Antibodies that induce precipitation are called precipitins.
What do critics claim that firearm and tool mark examination are?
subjective
What is one one of the most important factors that impact insect development?
temperature
killers with lower IQ's
tend to engage in disorganized crime scenes
killers with higher IQ's
tend to engage in organized crime scenes
Killers with higher IQs:
tend to engage in organized scenes
Which insect houses microorganisms in its gut that allow for digestion of cellulose?
termite
What is the term used for a definitive procedure that produces results?
test method
According to your reading, forensic nursing has its roots in:
the 18th century
Which of these is considered class evidence in handwriting?
the Palmer Method
The period of growth of a hair is called
the anagen stage
The older a pupae is:
the darker it gets
the older a pupae is:
the darker it gets
"In forensic profiling, which of these is the primary unit of analysis? "
the individual
What characteristic makes feeding insects useful in drug analysis?
they are alive
What can malformed light bulbs tell us at the scene?
they point toward a heat source
Which of these has the LEAST amount of pain?
third degree burns
A species that could become endangered within the foreseeable future is called
threatened
The key elements to observe and document for a vehicular accident include all but what?
time of day
You are looking for biscuit beetle eggs in your pantry. What should you look for?
tiny and pearly white eggs
Which development technique is used for prints on adhesive surfaces?
titanium dioxide
Which of these can give a false positive to a Brentamine fast blue test?
vaginal secretions
"A swollen, reddish, soft and greasy kidney is indicitive of which of these conditions/poisons? "
viper snake venom
Those that kill because they are ""told"" to, and tend to be paranoid or schizophrenic are known as:
visionaries
Evidence exam flowchart
visual exam--> presumptive chemical testing --> confirmatory testing --> species testing --> DNA
What are areas or patterns that result from the absence of bloodstains in otherwise continuous patters of staining?
void patterns
What is the term for an area of translucent design on paper?
watermark
Cross-reaction
when antibody bind w/ less strength to an antigen that is structurally similar to immunogen
Which of these is associated with an organized crime scene?
when retrains are used
When is there no penalty for killing an endangered species?
when the act was accidental during farming or ranching
Which is not an example of a potential heat source?
wool blanket
toxicologists
work with drugs or poisons after ingestion
What location on the body do flies prefer to lay their eggs to increase change of success of the offspring?
wound
A chemical found in an organism that is not normally produced by or expected to be present in that organism is a:
xenobiotic toxin