FSE 120-0902 Microbiology midterm

The microbe of great concern that can cross the placenta is Streptococcus pyogenes Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cytomegalovirus

Cytomegalovirus

An exogenous infection is caused by microbes that go from nonpathogenic to pathogenic are not normally present in the body are normally present in the body are drug-fasT

are not normally present in the body

Reducing a microbe's virulence by diluting or weakening it is attenuation virulence fomite drug-fast

attenuation

An agent that kills mold would be fungicide sporicide viricide larvicide

fungicide

The ability of a microbe to survive and produce disease is attenuation drug-fast opportunist virulence

virulence

Diseases that are communicable from animal or animal products are zoonoses fomites antigens zooans

zoonoses

An acid would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale. 1;10 1;14 6;14 0;6

0;6

The prefix strepto- means cluster chain hainyellow diploid

chain

What chemical is used to produce Lysol? toluene cresols alcohols phenols

cresols

A thick-walled cell produced by bacteria to survive unfavorable conditions is the capsule glycocalyx slime layer endospore

endospore

An infection where microbes enter blood or lymph vessels and spread to other parts of the body is called a/n ___________________ infection. local abscess focal general

focal

A disinfectant that is a tincture is halogen aldehyde iodine glutaraldehyde

iodine

An agent that kills endospores is larvicide germicide sporicide fungicide

sporicide

What can kill endospores? phenols alcohols sterilization disinfectants

sterilization

_________________ is when poisonous products of bacteria are distributed throughout the body. viremia bacteremia septicemia toxemia

toxemia

An agent that kills viruses is fungicide sporicide viricide larvicide

viricide

An base would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale. 8;14 1;6 7;10 0;6

8;14

Who discovered penicillin? Selected Answer: Louis Pasteur Joseph Lister Robert Koch Alexander Fleming

Alexander Fleming

The prefix staphyl- means cluster chain single yellow

cluster

What disease gave milkmaids immunity to smallpox? Selected Answer: typhus cowpox chickenpox No disease gives immunity to smallpox.

cowpox

Destroying pathogenic agents by disinfecting inanimate objects is sterilization disinfection antisepsis retort

disinfection

The physical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins is dry heat moist heat incineration scrubbing

dry heat

A/n ____________________ is toxin confined within the body of a bacterium and is released only when the bacterium is broken down. exotoxin endotoxin fomite drug-fast

endotoxin

A sticky, gelatinous coating on bacteria that surrounds the cell wall is the capsule glycocalyx slime layer endospore

glycocalyx

Organisms that cannot make their own food and require food from a carbon source are photophytes saprophytes heterotrophs autotrophs

heterotrophs

A bacterium in a ___________ would shrivel. isotonic hypotonic hypertonic neutral

hypertonic

A bacterium in a ______________ solution would swell and might burst. isotonic hypotonic hypertonic neutral

hypotonic

Another word for skin is mycoses integument vector prion

integument

Proteins that respond to viruses, bind to receptors on uninfected cells, and cause the uninfected cells to produce antiviral enzymes are interferons antibodies antigens lysozymes

interferons

Bacteria that prefer human body temperatures are psychrophiles mesophiles thermophiles lipophiles

mesophiles

The study of fungi is called virology protozoology mycology rickettsiology

mycology

Bacteria that MUST have oxygen are facultative aerotolerant microaerophilic obligate aerobes

obligate aerobes

Bacteria that must NOT be in the presence of oxygen are obligate aerobes obligate anaerobes microaerophilic aerotolerant

obligate anaerobes

Bacteria that would be utilizing tissue of human remains as a nutrition source would be _____________ bacteria. obligate saprophyte obligate parasite facultative anaerobe

obligate saprophyte

How many chromosomes do bacteria have? one two five It varies from species to species.

one

A chemical method of controlling microbes that has a sickeningly sweet and tarry odor is alcohol formalin aldehyde phenol

phenol

The proper term for "blood poisoning" viremia bacteremia septicemia toxemia

septicemia

The process bacteria use to produce the endospore is morphology binary fission sporulation permeability

sporulation

Completely removing or destroying all life-forms, endospores, or their products is sterilization disinfection antisepsis retort

sterilization

What alters the surface tension of the cell membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out and kill the cell? cresols alcohols chlorhexidine surfactants

surfactants

The lowest temperature at which all microbes are killed in 10 minutes is decimal reduction time thermal death time decimal death time thermal death point

thermal death point

An organism that spreads disease is called a/n vector mycoses heterotroph arthropod

vector

What genus of bacteria is commonly associated with secondary infections in burn patients? Streptococcus Staphylococcus Bacillus Pseudomonas

Pseudomonas

The pus from _______________ is blue. Streptococcus pyogenes Staphylococcus aureua Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cytomegalovirus

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis are photophytes saprophytes heterotrophs autotrophs

autotrophs

An unorganized coating on bacteria that is loosely attached to the cell wall is the capsule glycocalyx slime layer endospore

slime layer

Genetic material in a protein coat would describe a __________________. Selected Answer: protein bacteria virus viroid

virus

An inanimate object to which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted is a fomite zoonose biological vecor antigen

fomite

A disinfectant that oxidizes certain molecules within the microbial cell is halogen aldehyde iodine glutaraldehyde

iodine

Salmonella food poisoning comes from beef poultry mayonnaise Streptococcus pyogenes

poultry

The most poisonous substance on Earth is botulinum toxin streptococcal toxin staphylococcal toxin E. coli toxin

botulinum toxin

Some bacteria use an enzyme that digests fibrin threads to better utilize blood as a nutrient. That enzyme is hyaluronidase fibrinolysin coagulase protease

fibrinolysin

Appendages on a bacterium that allows it to attach to surfaces is pili flagella cilia fimbriae

fimbriae

The enzyme that Staphylococcus aureus uses to penetrate the body's connective tissue is hyaluronidase fibrinolysin coagulase protease

hyaluronidase

A compound of iodine and surfactant is iodide iodophore iodocide Gram iodine

iodophore

Under what conditions must an autoclave work to sterilize? 15 psi at 121oC for 10 minutes 20 psi at 250oC for 10 minutes 15 psi at 121oF for 10 minutes 50 psi at 200oC for 20 minutes

15 psi at 121oC for 10 minutes

Bacteria reproduce by a process called sporulation morphology binary fission glycocalyx

binary fission

Ebola is a ____________________ disease. endemic sporadic epidemic pandemic

epidemic

The best method to treat hazardous waste is dry heat moist heat incineration scrubbing

incineration

COVID-19 is a ____________________ disease. endemic sporadic epidemic pandemic

pandemic

The four kingdoms are Selected Answer: Bacteria, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi Monera, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi Monera, Bacteria, Fungi, Protista Protista, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi

Protista, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi

Plasmids are Storage compartments in bacteria Small circles of DNA separate from the main chromosome in bacteria Small circles of DNA separate from the main chromosome in viruses What bacteria use to make proteins

Small circles of DNA separate from the main chromosome in bacteria

What kind of light controls microbial growth? infrared UV blue red

UV

The physical method of controlling microbes that damages the cell's DNA is moist heat UV light scrubbing cold

UV light

Bacteria that can adapt to different sources of nutrition are ____________ bacteria. obligate saprophyte obligate parasite facultative anaerobic

facultative

An agent that kills mosquito larva is germicide viricide sporicide larvicide

larvicide

When both species of bacteria benefit in an association, that is known as __________. symbiosis mutualism antagonism commensalism

mutualism

Bacteria that might prefer the temperature of remains in a refrigeration unit are psychrophiles mesophiles thermophiles lipophiles

psychrophiles

The only disease that was eradicated and is no longer in the human population is cowpox smallpox malaria tularemia

smallpox

How much of the Earth's oxygen do autotrophic bacteria produce? 10% 20% 50% 80%

20%

The three basic shapes of bacteria are Coccus, bacillus, spirilla Spirilla, coccus, diplococcus Rod, bacillus, spirilla Rod, bacillus, coccus

Coccus, bacillus, spirilla

The three basic arrangements of bacteria are Single, chains, clusters Clusters, tetrads, single Pairs, chains, clusters Chains, clusters, tetrads

Pairs, chains, clusters

When bacteria have flagella over the entire cell, that is known as monotrichous amphitrichous lophotrichous peritrichous

peritrichous

The natural habitat of a pathogen is virulence reservoir attenuation fomite

reservoir

Organisms that utilize decomposing matter as nutrients are heterotrophs autotrophs saprophytes saprotrophs

saprophytes

The correct way to write the name of the bacterium that causes gonorrhea is Neisseria gonorrhoeae neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseris Gonorrhoeae neisseria Gonorrhoeae

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The bacterium that causes bubonic plague is Campylobacter Coccidioides immitis Streptococcus pyogenes Yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis

A retort is an instrument used to disinfect objects a moist heat chamber an autoclave a combustion chamber

a combustion chamber

How does higher temperature affect the effectiveness of chemical agents? it usually decreases effectiveness it usually increases effectiveness it has no effect body temperature is best

it usually increases effectiveness

______________ immunity is a result of being sick once or getting a vaccination. innate acquired inflammation nonspecific

acquired

A chemical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins and dissolves lipids in the cell membrane is alcohol formalin glutaraldehyde iodine

alcohol

When bacteria have flagella on each end of the cell, that is known as monotrichous amphitrichous lophotrichous peritrichous

amphitrichous

When one bacterium inhibits the growth of another, that is known as __________. symbiosis mutualism antagonism commensalism

antagonism

Proteins that are Y-shaped and either neutralize or destroy antigens are interferons antibodies antigens lysozymes

antibodies

An _________________ causes the body's immune system to respond. interferon antibody antigen fomite

antigen

Inhibiting microbial growth on living tissue is disinfection sterilization scrubbing antisepsis

antisepsis

A virus that infects bacteria is saprophyte vibrio bacteriophage bacteriophyte

bacteriophage

What is used to treat municipal drinking water and swimming pools? iodine iodide chlorine aldehyde

chlorine

In a microbial association, when one bacterium benefits and the other is unaffected, that is known as ___________. symbiosis mutualism antagonism commensalism

commensalism

The mosquito that causes malaria is Tiger mosquito Culex pipiens mosquito Aedes vexans mosquito Anopheles mosquito

Anopheles mosquito