FSE-120 Mid-Term Quizzes

An acid would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale.

0;6

Under what conditions must an autoclave work to sterilize?

15 psi at 121°C for 10 minutes

How much of the Earth's oxygen do autotrophic bacteria produce?

20%

A base would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale.

8;14

Who discovered penicillin?

Alexander Fleming

The mosquito that causes malaria

Anopheles mosquito

The microbe of great concern that can cross the placenta

Cytomegalovirus

The correct way to write the name of the bacterium that causes gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The four kingdoms

Protista, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi

What genus of bacteria is commonly associated with secondary infections in burn patients?

Pseudomonas

The pus from __________________ is blue.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Plasmids are..

Small circles of DNA separate from the main chromosome in bacteria

What kind of light controls microbial growth?

UV

The physical method of controlling microbes that damages the cell's DNA

UV light

The bacterium that causes bubonic plague

Yersinia pestis

______________ immunity is a result of being sick once or getting a vaccination.

acquired

A chemical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins and dissolves lipids in the cell membrane

alcohol

When bacteria have flagella on each end of the cell (amphi=both)

amphitrichous

When one bacterium inhibits the growth of another

antagonism

Proteins that are Y-shaped and either neutralize or destroy antigens

antibodies

An _________________ causes the body's immune system to respond.

antigen

Inhibiting microbial growth on living tissue

antisepsis

Reducing a microbe's virulence by diluting or weakening it

attenuation

Organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis

autotrophs

A virus that infects bacteria

bacteriophage

Bacteria reproduce by a process called (asexual)

binary fission

The most poisonous substance on Earth is ____________________.

botulinum toxin (not Clostridium botulinum like PPT say)

What is used to treat municipal drinking water and swimming pools?

chlorine

The prefix staphyl- means

cluster

The three basic shapes of bacteria

coccus, bacillus, spirilla

In a microbial association, when one bacterium benefits and the other is unaffected

commensalism

What disease gave milkmaids immunity to smallpox?

cowpox

What chemical is used to produce Lysol?

cresols

Destroying pathogenic agents by disinfecting inanimate objects

disinfection

The physical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins

dry heat

A thick-walled cell produced by bacteria to survive unfavorable conditions

endospore

A/n ____________________ is toxin confined within the body of a bacterium and is released only when the bacterium is broken down.

endotoxin

Ebola is a ____________________ disease.

epidemic

An __________ ____________ is caused by microbes that are not normally present in the body

exogenous infection

Bacteria that can adapt to different sources of nutrition

facultative

Some bacteria use an enzyme that digests fibrin threads to better utilize blood as a nutrient. That enzyme is

fibrinolysin

Appendages on a bacterium that allows it to attach to surfaces

fimbriae

An infection where microbes enter blood or lymph vessels and spread to other parts of the body is called a/n ___________________ infection.

focal

An inanimate object to which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted

fomite

An unorganized coating on bacteria that is loosely attached to the cell wall

glycocalyx

A disinfectant that oxidizes certain molecules within the microbial cell

halogen & iodine

Organisms that cannot make their own food and require food from a carbon source

heterotrophs

The enzyme that Staphylococcus aureus uses to penetrate the body's connective tissue is

hyaluronidase

A bacterium in a ___________ would shrivel.

hypertonic

A bacterium in a ______________ solution would swell and might burst.

hypotonic

The best method to treat hazardous waste

incineration

Another word for skin

integument

Proteins that respond to viruses, bind to receptors on uninfected cells, and cause the uninfected cells to produce antiviral enzymes are

interferons

A disinfectant that is a tincture

iodine

A compound of iodine and surfactant

iodophore

How does higher temperature affect the effectiveness of chemical agents?

it usually increases effectiveness

An agent that kills mosquito larvae

larvicide

Bacteria that prefer human body temperatures

mesophiles

When both species of bacteria benefit in an association

mutualism

The study of fungi

mycology

Bacteria that MUST have oxygen

obligate aerobes

Bacteria that must NOT be in the presence of oxygen

obligate anaerobes

Bacteria that would be utilizing tissue of human remains as a nutrition source

obligate saprophyte

How many chromosomes do bacteria have?

one

The three arrangements of bacteria

pairs, chains, clusters

COVID-19 is a ____________________ disease.

pandemic

When bacteria have flagella over the entire cell (peri=around)

peritrichous

A chemical method of controlling microbes that has a sickeningly sweet and tarry odor

phenol

Salmonella food poisoning comes from

poultry

Bacteria that might prefer the temperature of remains in a refrigeration unit

psychrophiles

The natural habitat of a pathogen

reservoir

A combustion chamber

retort

Organisms that utilize decomposing matter as nutrients

saprophytes

The proper term for "blood poisoning" is

septicemia

An unorganized coating on bacteria that is loosely attached to the cell wall is the

slime layer

The only disease that was eradicated and is no longer in the human population

smallpox

An agent that kills endospores

sporicide

An agent that kills endospores is

sporicide

The process bacteria use to produce the endospore

sporulation

Completely removing or destroying all life-forms, endospores, or their products

sterilization

What alters the surface tension of the cell membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out and kill the cell?

surfactants

The lowest temperature at which all microbes are killed in 10 minutes

thermal death point

An infection where microbes enter blood or lymph vessels and spread to other parts of the body

toxemia

An organism that spreads disease

vector

An agent that kills viruses

viricide

The ability of a microbe to survive and produce disease

virulence

Genetic material in a protein coat

virus

Diseases that are communicable from animal or animal products are

zoonoses