FSE-120 Mid-Term Quizzes
An acid would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale.
0;6
Under what conditions must an autoclave work to sterilize?
15 psi at 121°C for 10 minutes
How much of the Earth's oxygen do autotrophic bacteria produce?
20%
A base would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale.
8;14
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
The mosquito that causes malaria
Anopheles mosquito
The microbe of great concern that can cross the placenta
Cytomegalovirus
The correct way to write the name of the bacterium that causes gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
The four kingdoms
Protista, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi
What genus of bacteria is commonly associated with secondary infections in burn patients?
Pseudomonas
The pus from __________________ is blue.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Plasmids are..
Small circles of DNA separate from the main chromosome in bacteria
What kind of light controls microbial growth?
UV
The physical method of controlling microbes that damages the cell's DNA
UV light
The bacterium that causes bubonic plague
Yersinia pestis
______________ immunity is a result of being sick once or getting a vaccination.
acquired
A chemical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins and dissolves lipids in the cell membrane
alcohol
When bacteria have flagella on each end of the cell (amphi=both)
amphitrichous
When one bacterium inhibits the growth of another
antagonism
Proteins that are Y-shaped and either neutralize or destroy antigens
antibodies
An _________________ causes the body's immune system to respond.
antigen
Inhibiting microbial growth on living tissue
antisepsis
Reducing a microbe's virulence by diluting or weakening it
attenuation
Organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis
autotrophs
A virus that infects bacteria
bacteriophage
Bacteria reproduce by a process called (asexual)
binary fission
The most poisonous substance on Earth is ____________________.
botulinum toxin (not Clostridium botulinum like PPT say)
What is used to treat municipal drinking water and swimming pools?
chlorine
The prefix staphyl- means
cluster
The three basic shapes of bacteria
coccus, bacillus, spirilla
In a microbial association, when one bacterium benefits and the other is unaffected
commensalism
What disease gave milkmaids immunity to smallpox?
cowpox
What chemical is used to produce Lysol?
cresols
Destroying pathogenic agents by disinfecting inanimate objects
disinfection
The physical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins
dry heat
A thick-walled cell produced by bacteria to survive unfavorable conditions
endospore
A/n ____________________ is toxin confined within the body of a bacterium and is released only when the bacterium is broken down.
endotoxin
Ebola is a ____________________ disease.
epidemic
An __________ ____________ is caused by microbes that are not normally present in the body
exogenous infection
Bacteria that can adapt to different sources of nutrition
facultative
Some bacteria use an enzyme that digests fibrin threads to better utilize blood as a nutrient. That enzyme is
fibrinolysin
Appendages on a bacterium that allows it to attach to surfaces
fimbriae
An infection where microbes enter blood or lymph vessels and spread to other parts of the body is called a/n ___________________ infection.
focal
An inanimate object to which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted
fomite
An unorganized coating on bacteria that is loosely attached to the cell wall
glycocalyx
A disinfectant that oxidizes certain molecules within the microbial cell
halogen & iodine
Organisms that cannot make their own food and require food from a carbon source
heterotrophs
The enzyme that Staphylococcus aureus uses to penetrate the body's connective tissue is
hyaluronidase
A bacterium in a ___________ would shrivel.
hypertonic
A bacterium in a ______________ solution would swell and might burst.
hypotonic
The best method to treat hazardous waste
incineration
Another word for skin
integument
Proteins that respond to viruses, bind to receptors on uninfected cells, and cause the uninfected cells to produce antiviral enzymes are
interferons
A disinfectant that is a tincture
iodine
A compound of iodine and surfactant
iodophore
How does higher temperature affect the effectiveness of chemical agents?
it usually increases effectiveness
An agent that kills mosquito larvae
larvicide
Bacteria that prefer human body temperatures
mesophiles
When both species of bacteria benefit in an association
mutualism
The study of fungi
mycology
Bacteria that MUST have oxygen
obligate aerobes
Bacteria that must NOT be in the presence of oxygen
obligate anaerobes
Bacteria that would be utilizing tissue of human remains as a nutrition source
obligate saprophyte
How many chromosomes do bacteria have?
one
The three arrangements of bacteria
pairs, chains, clusters
COVID-19 is a ____________________ disease.
pandemic
When bacteria have flagella over the entire cell (peri=around)
peritrichous
A chemical method of controlling microbes that has a sickeningly sweet and tarry odor
phenol
Salmonella food poisoning comes from
poultry
Bacteria that might prefer the temperature of remains in a refrigeration unit
psychrophiles
The natural habitat of a pathogen
reservoir
A combustion chamber
retort
Organisms that utilize decomposing matter as nutrients
saprophytes
The proper term for "blood poisoning" is
septicemia
An unorganized coating on bacteria that is loosely attached to the cell wall is the
slime layer
The only disease that was eradicated and is no longer in the human population
smallpox
An agent that kills endospores
sporicide
An agent that kills endospores is
sporicide
The process bacteria use to produce the endospore
sporulation
Completely removing or destroying all life-forms, endospores, or their products
sterilization
What alters the surface tension of the cell membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out and kill the cell?
surfactants
The lowest temperature at which all microbes are killed in 10 minutes
thermal death point
An infection where microbes enter blood or lymph vessels and spread to other parts of the body
toxemia
An organism that spreads disease
vector
An agent that kills viruses
viricide
The ability of a microbe to survive and produce disease
virulence
Genetic material in a protein coat
virus
Diseases that are communicable from animal or animal products are
zoonoses
