FSHN 167 Final

The AMDR is (1) for carbs, (2) for lipids, and (3) for proteins

(1) 45-65% (2) 20-35% (3) 10-35%

According to AMDR, what is the lowest percent one should consume for carbs?

45

What is a normal range for blood glucose?

70-100

Which of the following is true regarding the RDA standards for nutrient intake?

Amounts meet or exceed the needs of almost all heathy people

Which of the following is not one of the 6 classes of nutrients?

Fiber

Which of the following is true regarding high fructose corn syrup versus sugar?

HFCS is composed of monosaccharides, while sucrose is a disaccharide

Why is cholesterol NOT an essential nutrient?

It can be made by the body from other food components.

Matt has not had anything to eat since 8 am and it is 3 pm, what of the following does NOT accurately describe a process used to maintain Matt's blood glucose levels?

Matt's liver would be releasing the hormone glucagon

Natural foods do NOT contain sugar

false

Scientists believe the increased incidence of chronic diseases in United States is the result of changes to human genetics in the past few decades

false

The process of enrichment adds back all nutrients lost during processing

false

You will not find significant amounts of fat from food you eat in your blood stream, because fat is only transported throughout the body via the lymphatic system

false

Which of the following is known as fruit sugar?

fructose

Audrey has been having fatty stools and pains after eating, especially after eating high fat meals. Which of the following is most likely the cause?

gallstones

What structure controls the passage of material from the small intestine to the large intestine

ileocecal valve

Which of the following is a function of sphincter muscles

control the passage of food through the GI tract

Glycogen is stored mainly in which of the following tissues

muscle and liver

Food labels provide difference types of nutrient information. They are required to have Nutrition Facts panel, which provides information about the amounts of specific nutrients compared to (1) in a standard serving and (2) which provides info of products in order of their prominence by weight. Food labels may contain (3) which are descriptors with standard definitions established by the FDA or (4) which refer to relationships between nutrients or food components and a disease or health condition that as been reviewed by the FDA

(1) daily value (2) ingredient list (3) nutrient content claims (4) health claims

Women tend to have more (1) body fat, which is usually made up of more (2) fat. This type of fat storage is associated with (3) risk for chronic disease compared to male patterns of fat storage

(1) gluteofemoral fat (2) subcutaneous fat (3) decreased

The digestion of starch begins in the (1) with the secretion of (2). In the (3) it will be broken down to (4) and absorbed directly into the blood system

(1) mouth (2) amylase (3) small intestine (4) glucose

Accessory organs for the suggestion of include (1) which secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestines, the (2) which stores and secrets bile, and (3) which is the first rogan to receive blood from the GI tract

(1) pancreas (2) gallbladder (3) liver

Sort compounds from highest (1) to smallest number of carbons in one molecule

1 triglycerides 2 fatty acid 3 glycerol 4 acetyl coa

How much time spent in vigorous activity is usually needed to deplete glycogen reserves

1.5 hours

For the typical American adult, the average daily loss of water via the kidney, lungs, feces, and sin is approx

1.5-2.8 liters

Ryan is a college student trying to build lean body mass on a limited budget, ryan weighs 180 pounds, how much protein does he need

100-140 grams

How many kcal do you have to remove from your diet to lose about 2 pounds of body fat per week

1000

What is the calcium AI for young adults

1000 mg

The classification of underweight is defined when the BMI drops below

18.5

Guidelines for fluid intake during exercise is to limit fluid loss to less than ____ of body weight

2%

According to BMI values, what fraction of the US adult population is considered overweight or obese

2/3

Which combination of terms in most accurate

20 amino acids in foods, 9 are essential

Which of the following individuals is likely to have the highest bone mass

25 year old male

Tanya has a BMI of 23, good amount to gain is

25-35 lbs

For a person eating 2000 kcalories/day, the Dietary Guidelines recommend fiber intake of

28 g/day

Gestation is generally divided into equal periods of

3 months, called trimesters

According to AMDR, what is the upper level of kcalories from fat

35

The AMDR recommend that fat intake not exceed _____ percent of total calories

35

At what age should the first semi solid food be offered to infants

4-6 months

Clear sunny day, how long does it take to get vitamin D requirements

5-10 minutes

According to the video, what percent of fertilized eggs fail to develop

50%

The recommended amount of dietary carbs for an athlete training for a marathon is

6-9

The RDA for healthy adults is __g of protein per kg of body wight

8

The digestibility of animal proteins is ___ percent, while the digestibility of plant proteins is ___ percent

>95%, <80%

What is the major energy carrier molecule in most cells

ATP

What substance contains the chemical energy that drives immediate muscle contraction

ATP

Which of the following is a key message of the MyPlate food guidance system?

All of the above

Which of the following accurately describes the current consumption of protein in the US

Americans currently consume protein at levels to meet or exceed there needs of even body building athletes

What is VO2 max

An individuals max rate of oxygen consumption

Which of the following is true regarding the genetics of fat cell development and obesity

As an adult, when you gain or lose whit the amount of fat in an individual cell increased and decreases but the total number of fat ells remains relatively constant

When of the following accurately links a hormone with its impact on food intake regulation

CCK is produced by the small intestine and slows gastric emptying

Which types of fat do these foods have

Corn oil - polyunsaturated fatty acid steak- saturated fatty acid olive oil- monounsaturated fatty acid coconut oil- saturated fatty acid avocado- monounsaturated cheese- saturated canola oil- monounsaturated fats

Which of the following is true regarding DV recommendations?

DV on food labels compare nutrients in one serving of food to nutrient needs in a 2000 kcal diet

Recently, there has been a lot of news about the importance of antioxidants in diet. Which of the following vitamins has been noted as preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins

E

Which of the following disorders may results from vitamin E deficiency in people

Erythrocyte hemolysis

Based on our current understanding, which is the following best describes what happened to fat cells when we gain body fat

Fat cells general increase in number n childhood ad increase in size in adulthood

The transport of cholesterol to the liver for elimination is accomplished by

HDLs

If an individual consumed one unit more of a nutrient than recommend for the TUL, what would happen?

Individuals would exceed the level where there is no risk, but are unlikely to develop toxicity symptoms

Which of the following is feature of leptin

It is produced by the body fat and promotes decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure

What blood cholesterol carrier is associated with an increased risk for development of atherosclerosis

LDL

Which of the following correctly links the term with its description

LDL/ contain large amounts of fat and cholesterol and functions to deliver these lips to cells of all tissues

Terese's RDA for protein is 46 grams. Which of the following best reflects Terese's individual need for protein?

Likely to be less than 46 grams

Matt consumed 170% of his RDA for protein and 13% of his total kcalories from protein, what can be concluded

Matt met both his RDA for protein an dAMDR

The coenzymes that deliver hydrogen from the TCA cycle to the electron transport chain are

NAD and FAD

Which of the following is true regarding hydrogenated oils

Oils anf fats contain more saturated fatty acids after that have been hydrogenated

Which of the following is true regarding the development of atherosclerosis

Oxidized LDL cholesterol promotes inflammation and the formation of foam cells in artery walls

Which of the following statements allowed by the FDA on food labels has the LEAST scientific evidence to support it?

Structure-function claim

Match the food with the vitamins

Sweet potatoes- vitamin A milk- A and D Canola oil- E Cabbage- K

Death can come from both inadequate nutrient intake and excessive nutrient intake

True

Since the 1990s, processed foods have been required to have a Nutrition Facts label on their packaging

True

A provitamin is

a chemical substance int he body that can convert to an active form of a vitamin

Which of the following describes a process in protein synthesis

a copy of the code for protein is carried by a strand of messenger RNA to the site of protein production

During high intensity exercise, your body will use glucose at ____ rate and fat at ____rate than during low to moderate intensity activities

a higher, a lower

Which of the following foods is most likely to be free of hydrogenated fats

a home made muffin made with corn oil

The physical design of the small intestine with its fold of villi and microvilli causes:

a tremendous increase in surface area to facilitate absorption

Which of the following statements describes the glycemic index of food?

a way of ranking foods according to their potential in increase blood glucose

_____ is the major symptom of a vitamin K deficiency

abnormal blood coagulation

Which of the following facts has the most influence on the body's BMR

about of lean body tissue

Fat soluble vitamins are

absorbed into the body with the help of bile

Which of the following food components has been shown to increase the rate of non-heme iron absorption when consumes at the same time

acidic foods, such as tomato sauce and those rich in vitamin C

Parathyroid hormone is releases in response to low plasma calcium and alone with _____ results in _____

active vitamin D, decreased calcium out into urine

Which of the following groups would be least likely to develop and iron deficiency

adolescent males

According to The Universe Within, which of the following could lead to stomach ulcers?

alcohol and bacteria

You have just finished a light breakfast of toast and jelly, which of the following series of events proceeds upon digestion of the meal

blood glucose rises, the pancreas releases insulin, glucose in take up by the cells through the actions to insulin, blood glucose levels decline, the pancreas releases glucagon, glucagon stimulates liver cells to break down glycogen and release glucose in the blood, blood glucose rises

The amount of energy expended for a physical activity depends on three key factors of

body weight, intensity of activity, and duration

Which of the following is true regarding iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia

both cause fatigue and decreased ability to concentrate

Improving muscle conditioning improves

both strength and endurance

Which of the foods are the BEST sources of dietary fiber

bran cereal, avocados, and pinto beans

Which of the following is a characteristic of an essential nutrient?

cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body so it must be consumed

Of the following, which is the 'best' type of fat

canola oil

What dietary nutrients are most effective at raising muscle glycogen concentrations

carbs

The effect of regular exercise on heart and lung function is known as

cardiorespiratory conditioning

Which of the following would have the highest biological protein

cheese

What is the major carrier of the fat-solube vitamins from the intestinal cell to blood circulation

chylomicrons

In nature, most double bonds are int he _____ formation, but after hydrogenation many have been converted to ____ formation

cis, trans

Complex organic molecules that associate closely with most enzymes but are not proteins are known as

coenzymes

In what capacity does vitamin C function

cofactor in collagen formation

Which of the following is a feature of caffeine use in physical activity

college and national competitions prohibit the use of caffeine in amounts great than that presents in 4 large cups of coffee when consumed in a 2 hour period prior to competition

The majority of the salt in the modern diet

comes from eating processed foods

What type of nutrient is starch?

complex carbohydrate

The chief symptoms of early vitamin b6 deficiency include what

confusion and depression

All of the following are symptoms of lactose intolerance except

constipation

Jason wants to eat fewer kcal per meal but doesn't want to feel hungry, what should you recommend

consume some protein at each meal

The definition of a complete or high quality protein is a protein which

contains all essential amino acids in a pattern which is proportional to human needs

Which of the following would be a role of amino acids separate from their roe as part of a protein

conversion to niacin, a B vitamin

When the amount of glucose exceeds the amount needed for energy, it may be

converted to glycogen and sotred in the liver and muscles

What is the high energy compound that is stored in muscles and can quickly regenerate ATP

creatine phosphate

Which of the following is not a fat-soluble vitamin

cyanocobalamin

Which of the following is associated with the condition known as xerosis

deficiency of vitamin A

Which of the following has clear scientific evidence that it is caused by regular ingestion of added sugar

dental cavaties

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with

diagnoses in adulthood

Jamal wants to know if his current sodium intake in increasing his risk for hypertension

dietary guidelines

Which of the following a recommendation made by the AHA to lower risk for CVD

eat 2 servings of fish a week, emphasis on fatty fish

What is the function of bile?

emulsifies fat

The MFP factor associated with iron

enhances non heme iron absorption

Which of the following is the next step for acetyl CoA in the basic pathways of metabolism

enters the TCA cycle

Which of the following is true regarding the use of calcium supplements

excess calcium can lead to an increased risk of kidney stones, so individuals should limit their use of calcium supplements

Aerobic metabolism can use fat and carbs but not protein to generate energy

false

Although the US population is well informed about the risk factors for heart disease, there have bene no change in incidence of heart disease for the past 20-30 year

false

Blood vessels are found throughout the body, but lymph vessel re only found between the gastrointestinal tract and the heart

false

Cholesterol is an essential nutrient

false

Cooking a protein lowers the quality of the protein

false

Excessive sugar intake is a leading cause of diabetes

false

Iron needs during pregnancy are easily met through the diet

false

Most intakes of beverages with caffeine is discouraged by health professionals because of it potential negative effects on the outcome of the pregnancy

false

One an ATP molecule releases a phoshate and becomes an ADP it can no longer be used by the body and will be broken down and excreted

false

Physical performance is improved by consuming a very low fat diet for endurance athletes

false

Research has shown is you consume a diet higher in cars you will use more carbs as a fuel source during exercise

false

Since food provides energy, the more you eat the more 'pep' you will feel

false

Since manufacturers started fortifying milled grain products with folacin, the rate of scurvy had declines substantially

false

The body is able to directly use the energy released from broken carbon-hydrogen bonds for body functions

false

Vitamin and mineral supplements have bene shown to consistently enhance athletic performance and supple a boost in energy availability

false

Vitamins and minerals provide calories in the diet

false

To support a long afternoon of gardening, the body predominately uses which nutrient for energy

fat

According to the video, leptin is a hormone produced by ____ cels that circulates in the brain ad sen a message to ___ cells reporting how much fat one is carrying

fat, brain

When energy yielding nutrients are consumed in excess, which ones can lead to storage of fat

fat, carbs, protein

Gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy?

fats

Which of the following nutrients floats on top of the stomach fluid and is last to be released into the small intestines?

fats

Which of these molecules is converted directly to acetyl CoA without the intermediate step of being converted first to pyruvate

fatty acids

Which of the following is NOT chemically digested, but does stimulate intestinal muscle contraction

fiber

Which of the following is not chemically digested in the small intestine but is broken down by intestinal microflora of the late intestine

fiber

When diet lead to a quick weight loss (5-10 lb in 1 week) the weight primarily comes from which part of the body

fluid (water)

Which of the following is a feature of folate nutrition

foals got is name because leafy greens (foliage) are rich sources of it

A deficiency of which nutrient appears to be related to an increased risk of neural tube defects in newborns

folate

Country with a high prevalence of goiters, you recommend

fortify the salt with iodine

Which of the following regulates the pH of the stomach

gastrin

Which of the following would be considered a significant source of added sugar

gatorade

According to the video, 70-80% of one's weight is determine by

genetics

Which of the following is converted to pyruvate before it is converted to acetyl CoA

glucogenic amino acids

Which of the following would be a source of energy during anaerobic metabolism

glucose

According to the video, Bonnie Blair used which of the following for her major energy source

glucose from a PB + J sandwich

Glycolysis is the conversion of

glucose to pyruvate

Which of the following does an endurance athlete need to focus on restoring prior to the next workout

glycogen sotred in the muscle and liver

Order of metabolic breakdown of glucose for energy

glycolysis conversion of pyruvate to acetyl cos TCA cycle electron transport chain

The obesity weight for minorities is ____ the obesity rate of the general population

greater than

Which of the following is a characteristic of minerals, but NOT vitamins

has a variable rate of absorption

Which of he following is a characteristic of minerals, but NOT vitamins

has two categories, major and trace

Women who are overweight when starting their pregnancy

have more labor complication and delivery complications

Fred is 9 months old an has decreased in weight percentile

he needs to be examined for possible health complications or feeding issues

A _______ describes the relationship between a nutrient or food and the risk of a disease

health claim

A food label states that it is rich in potassium and can reduce your risk for hypertension. According to the FDA, this would be considered a...

health claim

In order to calculate a person's BMI, you need to know the person's

height and weight

Matt ate dinner, laid down, has a dull burning pain in chest area, what is it

his cardiac sphincter is not working well so some food and acid from his stomach is backing up into his esophagus

Tony is sweating a lot since it is 90 degrees, thus his blood volume is decreasing and

his pituitary gland release antidiuretic hormone

A person who exhibits a physiological need to eat is most likely experiencing the sensation of

hunger

Which of the following is true regarding hydrogenation of fats

hydrogenation causes the formation of trans fatty acids

Which of the following is TRUE about hypertension

hypertension is more common in African Americans than non-Hispanic whites

Evidence that there may be a genetic factor influencing obesity is suggested by

identical twins have similar body weights

Mark goes from eating 55 grams of protein per day to 120 grams, what will happen

increase in body fat

Which of the following cellular changes occur int he muscle with increased cardiovascular conditioning

increase in number of mitochondria

Which of the following is NOT a general function of body proteins

insulate the body to preserve heat

Which of the following is a hormone that increases int he blood after eating a meal rich in carbs?

insulin

Type 2 diabetes is associated with

insulin resistance

Based on their nutrient profiles, which of the following would have the least effect on hypertension

intake of sugar

The portion of extracellular f;id located int he spaces between cells and tissues is called

interstitial fluid

Which of the following is a feature of calcium nutrient in pregnancy

intestinal absorption increases substantially

What is the function of intrinsic factor with b12

intrinsic factor is produced int he stomach and helps with the absorption of the vitamin in the intestines

Which of the following a property of niacin in nutrition

is can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan

Which of the following is a feature of water

it is an end product of energy metabolism

What happens to the nitrogen part of the amino acid if an amino acid is used to produce ATP for energy

it is converted to urea and excreted in the urine

All of the following are true about anorexia nervosa except

it is easily treated in a relatively short amount of time

What function does peristalsis play in digestion

it is rhythmic muscular contraction that moves material along the GI tract

Which of the following is a feature f the lipoprotein lipase enzyme

its actives and men an d women are sex related and explain the differences in major fat storage regions of the body

Which of the following is NOT a factor when using the DRI formula for calculating energy requirements

kcalories consumed

Cells that are deficient in vitamin A become hard and dry because they produce this protein

keratin

Which of the following is true regarding ketone production in the bdoy

ketones are produces in repose to a lack of carbs in the diet

A condition known as _____ causes a person with treated diabetes or who has been on a multiple day fast to have urine and breath that smells slightly sweet, lie acetone

ketosis

Which of the following is a common product of anaerobic metabolism

lactic acid

According to the video, which of the following is true

leptin causes mice to be more active and reduce kcal consumed

Which of the following would be found in our body but not in our food

lipoproteins such as LDL

Which of the following would not have peristalsis occurring?

liver

During a short term fast, the major source of glucose for the brain is

liver glycogen

Bile is produced by the _____ and stored in the ____ until it is released into the small intestines

liver; gall bladder

Which of the following substances cannot be directly absorbed into the blood

long chain fatty acids

in general, minerals in plant food have an absorption rate that is ____ than in animal foods

lower than

The optimal carb concertino of sports drinks for the endurance athletes is

lower than non sports drinks, such as soda pop and fruit juices

What is the primary function of insulin

lowers blood glucose levels

The end products or fat digestions are absorbed into the _______ whereas the end products of carbohydrate and protein digestion absorbed into the _______

lymph vessels, blood stream

Immediately after absorption, what circulatory system carries the fat soluble vitamins and large fats

lymphatic system

Match nutrient with the statement

maintain oxygen capacity- iron collagen formation- C maintain fluid balance- Sodium Vision- A

Of the following athletes, who is is least likely to benefit form creatine supplements

marathon runner

Which of the following is not considered a component of a persons fitness

max heart rate

Which of the following describes the sum of all chemical reactions that go on in living cells

metabolism

Which of the following accurately describe a part of lipid digestion

micelles are formed in the small intestine to he with the emulsification of fat in the GI tract

Which of the follows would be a source of naturally occurring sugar

milk

The end product os carbohydrate digestion is

monosaccharides

Which of these could be absorbed into the body

monosaccharides

Which of the following does NOT occur when the blood calcium levels drop too low

more calcium is excreted in the urine

Which of the following is a positive physiologic seen with increased aerobic fitness

more red cells allows for greater oxygen to be transported to tissues

Which of the following statements regarding ATP production is true

more total ATP can be produced during aerobic metabolism than in anaerobic metabolism

Digestion of starch begins here

mouth

Enzymatic digestion of starches takes place in the small intestine and also int he

mouth

Essentials nutrients...

must be consumed from food or drink

A low-protein diet in which corn is a principle food has been found to cause a deficiency of what vitamin

niacin

What term identifies the characters tinging sensations and reddening of the skin after ingesting a pharmacologic dose of nicotinic acid

niacin flush

Which of the following may be used to determine the quantity of protein an individual needs

nitrogen balance

Can fatty acids from fat in food or body adipose tissue be converted to glucose when blood glucose is very low

no

Americans are urged to eat more fish due to its high content of

omega 3 fatty acids

hat is the name of the vitamin D- deficiency disease in adults

osteomalacia

To help lose weight, the DRI people recommend a level f moderately intense exercise at a frequency of at least

over 300 minutes per week or 90 minutes most days, plus dietary restriction

Which of the following leads to the production of urea

oxidation fo amino acids

An aerobic reaction is one that requires

oxygen

Select the food item that does NOT contain cholesterol

peanut butter

Which of the following accurately distinguishes a difference between phospholipids and triglycerides

phospholipids have 2 fatty acids as part of its molecule while triglycerides have 3

What organ of the pregnant woman in central to the exchange of nutrients for waste products with the fetus

placenta

Obesity is risk fast for all of the following expect

pneumonia

Which of the following defines the body's set point

point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight

Which of the following lilies has NOT been shown the rain LDL cholesterol

polyunsaturated fatty acids

A football player who is increasing in muscle mass would be in

postive nitrogen balance

Which of the following has been shown the be most effective in reducing hunger and maintaining satiety

protein

Is nitrogen present

protein - yes pyruvate- no amino acid - yes urea - yes acetyl coa -no

Which of he following is true in describing how the chemical structure of protein differs form carbs and lipids

protein contains nitrogen, but carbs and lipids do not

Which of the following is true regarding the use of protein as a source of energy for muscles during exercise

protein provides limited (<10%) of the energy for the muscle during exercise

If the edit is lacking an essential amino acid

protein synthesis will be limited

What is the relationship between body proteins and water

proteins attract water

what is the most reliable source o dietary fluoride

public water

What is the best approach to weight loss

reduce daily energy intake and increase energy expenditure

Which of the following is generally not associated with regular program of physical fitness

reduced bone density

One of the key drugs currently available on the market today to create obesity works by

reducing the amount of kcal available to the body by blocking the absorption energy yielding nutrients, such as fats in foods

After digestion and absorption, an amino acid not used to build rein will first be subjected to

removal of its amino group

Which of the following vitamins is involved substantially in energy metabolism reactions

riboflavin

Which of the following would contain cholesterol

salmon

When vit c intake is low, symptoms of what begin to occur

scurvy

Which statement is true concerned lactation in women

show weight loss by lactating women does not comprises quantity or quality of breast milk

A general niacin deficient is known to be manifested in abnormalities of all the following organs/systems except what

skeletal

Which of the following is the most likely side effect for a person who regularly consumes large quantities of carrots

skin yellowing

Which of the following is not a typical component of stool?

starch

Which of the following is true regarding complex carbs

starch and sugar both provide 4 kcal/gram consumed

Which of the following should Sam do if he wanted to increase the amount of energy he expended as part of his basal metabolism

start a workout program to build lean body mass

Which of the following defines central obesity

storage of excess fat around the central part of the body

Which of the following states about sugar in true

sugar is cariogenic, meaning it contributes to the development of dental caries

Which of the following would be rich in Omega 6

sunflower seeds

If Sam wanted to improve the quality of the fat he is consuming, which of the following changes would be the beneficial

switch from butter to just pb on his toast

Matt wants to have less than 10% body fat, which of the following is true

tell matt that the amount of fat on the body is not directly related to the amount of macronutrients in the diet

Which of the following is a characteristic of the trace minerals

the amounts in foods are dependent, in part, on soil composition

Which of the following true regarding forms of energy the body uses

the energy from food the body uses is in the carbon-hydrogen bonds of carbs, protein, fats, alcohol

Women tend to develop heart disease later than men because

the hormone estrogen has a protective effect in women before menopause

Most of the fluid lost each day is lost via

the kidneys

According to the PBS video, which of the following would be true

the most dangerous type of plaque does not protrude into the arteries

Folate an d birth defects

the neural tube develops early on in pregnancy, oftentimes before most women realize they are pregnant

which of he following describes an association between various methods energy measurements and the actual amount of energy available to the body from foods

the physiological fuel value of a food is almost always lower than the energy value of that food as determined by bomb calorimetry

Which of the following is true regarding he body's energy source when someone is fasting

the primary source of energy for body when fasting is the body's stored body fat

Gluconeogenesis is

the production go glucose form amino acids

Once a protein has been denatured, which of the following is true

the proteins original shape is lost

Compared to normal RDA levels, power athletes have

the same need for carbs but a higher need for protein

Which of the following accounts for the difference between different amino acids

the side group

Where are the villi found in the body

the small intestine

When using MyPlate to select a nutritionally adequate diet, the actual number of servings selected in each group depends upon...

the total energy intake required

What of the following is a feature of diabetes

the vast majority of people with diabetes have type 2

Why is iron toxicity a concern for young children in the US

there is a concern of acute excess iron intake from children overdosing on dietary supplements

Which of the following represents the results of well-controlled studies of vitamin C supplementation on colds

there is a significant reduction in the duration of a cold

The energy used to digest, absorb, metabolize, and store food is called

thermic effect of food

Which of the following general characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins is false

they are not easily excreted when consumed in excessive amounts

Which of the following is a property of conditioned muscles

they can store more glycogen

Which of the following is a feature of taking high-dose supplements of vitamin A

they increase birth defects

Triglycerides consist of

three fatty acids and glycerol

Sharon loves milk and drinks more than the typical person, she is concerned she is getting too much calcium

tolerable upper limit

John hates citrus, wants more vit c

tomatoes, broccoli, strawberries

Major differences between the nutritional needs of a serious athlete and a casual exerciser are the amount of ____ and ____ needed int he diet

total energy and fluids

Iron's primary function in the body is transport oxygen as part of hemoglobin or myoglobin

treu

About 95% of lipids in food an the human body are

triglycerides

Americans currently consumer fewer whole grains than are recommended by the Dietary Guidelines

true

As individual can be considered metabolically fit fit, even with a BMI in the overweight or obese category

true

Cholesterol is a lipid but not a fatty acid

true

Colostrum is the first milk, which is secreted in late pregnancy and up to a week after birth that is rich in protein and immune factors

true

For most nutrients, it is difficult to exceed the UL by consuming food

true

Research has shown consuming a high protein diet will lead to increased muscle mass in the body

true

The body does NOT store excess energy in proportion to macronutrients consumed, so a low fat diet can still lead to a high amount of body fat

true

The body is able to adjust the rate of absorption of minerals form the GI tract based on the body's need

true

The bomb calorimeter tend sot overestimate the actual amount of energy available for the body in food

true

The number of double bonds n a fatty acid directly impacts whether it will be a liquid or a solid at room temperature

true

There is approx 3500 kcal in 1 lb of body fat

true

To improve vitamin A status in Guatemala, they fortified sugar with it

true

Trabecular bones int he type of bone that forms the inner spongy lattice that lines the bone marrow cavity and supports the cortical shell

true

Vegetable oils, such as plant, cotton, and corn are good sources of vitamin E

true

heme-iron has a higher rate of absorption than does non-heme iron

true

When the diet contains an adequate amount of protein, what amino acid can be used to synthesize niacin

tryptophan

Elderly are often at risk for deficiency of this vitamin due to limited sunlight exposure and restricted intake of milk

vitamin D

In its role as an antioxidant, this vitamin guards call membranes, DNA, and cholesterol and thus helps prevent heart disease, cancer, and other chronic diseases

vitamin E

pernicious anemia results from a deficiency of

vitamin b12

Ryan wants more vita b12

vitamin b12 is found in animal products, such as meat, so he likely has an adequate intake

All of the following are advantages of vegetarian diets except

vitamin b12 is higher

Supplements of which of the following nutrients may be needed by older adults

vitamin b12, vitamin D, and calcium

What vitamin is involved extensively in amino acid metabolism

vitamin b6

Your friend works in a cave, what would you advise her to buy at the grocery store

vitamind d fortified milk

Which of the following nutrients does not yield energy during its metabolism

vitamins

Which of the following requires no digestion?

vitamins

What are the end products from the metabolism of energy yielding nutrients

water, carbon dioxide, and energy as ATP

Low birth weight infants

weigh less than 5.5 lbs

The progression of osteoporosis is influenced by many factors, which of the following can retard its progression

weight bearing physical activity

Match the food with the vitamins

wheat bread- thiamin sliced beef- B12 tomato slices- C milk- riboflavin

Which of the following is true regarding changes to sodium and potassium content in natural versus processed foods

when a food is highly processed it tends to have more sodium than when it is less processed

According to the video, the placenta begins to be formed

when the blastocyst burrows into the uterus

When considering the quality of a fat, which of the following would be true

when the quality of a fat increase, the umber of calories per gram remain the same

A simple goiter may be caused

when the thyroid gland enlarges in an effort to compensate for a lack of iodine essential for the synthesis of thyroxin

A newly fertilized egg is known as a

zygote

There are 2 basic steps in using energy step 1: (1) + oxygen --> (2) + water +ATP step 2: (3)---> (4) +PO3 +energy

(1) C-H bond broken (2) carbon dioxide (3) ATP (4) ADP

Connor read a food label for chocolate milk and saw that it contained 25 grams of sugar in 1 serving, this value indicates the (1) from the chocolate syrup, (2) the lactose sugar found naturally in milk

(1) added sugar (2) as well as

What is the function f the mucus in the stomach

protects stomach cells from gastric juices

Howard has kept track of his diet for the past week, wants to know if average vit C intake is ideate to prevent deficiency

recommended dietary allowance

Salad dressing are made from virus types of vegetable oils, based upon this information, which of the following would be true

salad dressings are likely high in unsaturated fats

When hydrochloric acid hits duodenal cells, _____ is secreted, travels to the pancreas to cause _____ secretion into the small intestine

secretin, bicarbonate

Most starch digestion and breakdown of disaccharides occurs in this section of the GI tract

small intestine

Of the following, which is an essential nutrient?

sodium/water

The type of fiber that lowers blood cholesterol levels:

soluble

Hydrochloric acid is produced in the...

stomach

Which is the location where protein molecules from food are unfolded

stomach

Which of the following is TRUE regarding MyPlate recommended diet plans

the MyPlate guideline identifies the recommended amounts of foods from each group based on individual energy needs

Sugar can be found naturally in foods

true

Which of the following nutrients are absorbed from the large intestines?

water and minerals

All of the following sets of values are included in the Dietary Reference Intakes except

LUT

Alberta is a vegetarian and asks for your help after reading that vegetarians can have protein deficiencies because of low amino acids, what do you say

although many foods do not provide all essential amino acids, she can consume complementary proteins throughout the day

After we eat protein rich meals, which of the following could NOT happen to the amino acids

amino acids stored in the liver

Which of the following products is NOT generated via TCA cycle or electron transport chain

ammonia

An increase in blood sodium concentrations would result in which of the following responses

an increase in antidiuretic hormone release

Of the following, which would most readily induce a vitamin k deficiency

antibiotic therapy which destroys bacteria in GI tract

Health benefits from weight loss

are seen with small amounts (10 lb) of fat loss

Which of the following would you NOT recommend to a friend who wishes to begin a weight reduction

avoid meats and dairy foods

Which of the following play and major role in the breakdown of certain types of dietary fiber int he large intestine

bacteria

For most people the majority of their total energy expenditure is from

basal metabolism

Which of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body

beta carotene

Which of the following correctly links the secretin with the part of the intestine where the secretion would primarily function

bicarbonates / small intestine

According to the film, which of the following is true about bile

bile breaks up large globules of fat in the small intestines

As far as is known, vitamin A does not play an important role in which of the following processes

blood clotting

Vitamin K's chief function is to help the body with

blood clotting

Which of the following is a typical response of the body to changes in blood glucose?

blood glucose levels that fall too low signal the release of glucagon