FUN chapters 16,17, and 21.

Gurgles

(low pitched wheezes) continuous dry rattling sounds heard on auscultation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction

dry sterilization

60-120 mins. @ 320 - 375 degrees F recommended for metal instruments avoid paper products may damage rubber and plastic items not recommended for hand pieces spore test = Bacillus atrophaeus. autoclave

Basophils

A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine.

Cellulitis

A serious bacterial infection of the skin. Usually affects lower extremities

Phase 4: Muffling

A sudden change or muffling of the sound (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)

Neutrophils

A type of white blood cell that engulfs invading microbes and contributes to the nonspecific defenses of the body against disease. They are increased in cases of acute suppurative infections.

Crackles

Abnormal, nonmusical sound heard on auscultation of the lungs during inspiration

Monocytes

An agranular leukocyte that is able to migrate into tissues and transform into a macrophage. They are increased in TB infections

The nurse would plan to reinforce instructions to which clients about the risk for transmission of disease through blood and sexual contact? Select all that apply.

Clients who are diagnosed with hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV, along with their close household members, need to be taught that the viruses are spread through blood and sexual contact.

Body's second line of defense

Destroys pathogens that escape the first line of defense. includes the mechanisms of fever, leukocytosis, phagocytosis, inflammation, and interferon

Phase 5: Silence

Disappearance of sound (marks diastolic pressure in adults)

PPE removal

Gloves Goggles Gown Mask

PPE Donning

Gown Mask Googles Gloves

A 9-year-old child with leukemia is in remission and has returned to school. The school secretary calls the parent of the child and tells the parent that a classmate has just been diagnosed with varicella (chicken pox). The parent immediately calls the nurse at the physician's office because the leukemic child has never had chicken pox. The nurse would make which response to the parent?

Immunocompromised children are unable to adequately fight varicella. Varicella can be deadly to the immunocompromised child. If an immunocompromised child who has not had chicken pox is exposed to someone with varicella, the child should receive varicella zoster immune globulin (VZIG) within 96 hours of exposure.

artifically acquired passive immunity

Injection with antibodies from the infected blood of people and/or animals. I.E Hep A

Phase 3: Knocking

Louder knocking sound that occurs with each heartbeat

Needles are ...?

NEVER recapped

passive acquired immunity

Occurs when a person is giving an antitoxin or anti serum that contains antibodies or antitoxins that have been developed in another person.

Radiation

Radiation is the emission of electromagnetic heat waves, in this case from our bodies. We usually run hotter than our environment, so we lose heat as part of the ever-present quest for equilibrium

Body's first line of defense

Skin and mucous membranes

Lymphocytes

The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances. Lymphocytes are increased when there is a chronic viral or bacterial infection. also sepsis

Naturally acquired passive immunity

When the fetus receives antibodies from the mother through placenta blood. also from breastfeeding. only last long enough for newborn to develop immune system.

when the nurse is unable to obtain a blood pressure reading they can use what/do what?

a Doppler ultrasound stethoscope

auscultatory gap

a brief period when Korotkoff sounds disappear during auscultation of blood pressure; common with hypertension

Eosinophils

a white blood cell containing granules that are readily stained by eosin.

Evaporation

is the cooling mechanism most athletes are familiar with. When we sweat, water evaporates off our skin, transferring heat into the air around us.

Hypoxia

lack of oxygen

MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) assay needs what for collection?

blood, nasal or groin swab.

atelectasis

collapse of a lung or part of a lung, also known as a lobe. It happens when tiny air sacs within the lung, called alveoli, lose air.one of the most common breathing complications after surgery.

purulent drainage

comprised of white blood cells, liquefied dead tissue debris, and both dead and live bacteria. thick, milky discharge that comes out of a wound. Indicates infection

artifically acquired immunity

dead or inactive microorganisms are made into vaccinations. This includes Polio, measles, hepatitis b, influenza, tetanus, diphtheria.

reduced WBCs results in

decreased macrophage activity.

Dyspnea

difficult or labored breathing

Pyrexia (fever)

elevated body temperature. Over 100.8 heart is also elevated during pyrexia

Diaphoresis

excessive sweating

Hepatitis A

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water

Interferons

interfere with viral replication within cells

Cheyne-Strokes respiration

irregular breathing patterns, apnea followed by deep labored breathing. Critically ill patients

Blot respirations

irregularly interspersed periods of apnea in a disorganized sequence of breaths. Occurs in pts with increased intracranial pressure.

Conduction

is direct heat transfer from one object to another. An example would be from the cold bottle of water to our hands or face, as above

Convention

is heat loss via rapid movement of air or water around us. For example, wind can make us cooler because it's blowing away the warm layer of air immediately surrounding us and replacing it with a new layer, which we heat and which is in turn blown away to start the process again. Moving water, such as a river or a current, has the same effect.

Phase 2: Swishing

murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated

Eupnea

normal breathing

Medical asepsis (clean technique)

practice used to remove or destroy germs and to prevent their spread from one person or place to another person or place. Includes confining organism to the pt's room.

Tachypnea

rapid breathing. Results from fever or some diseases

Bradypnea

slow breathing

Stertor

snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi

Stridor

strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx. Crowing sound

Pyrogens

substances that cause fever. produced by some pathogens

Phase 1: Tapping

systolic pressure indicated by faint, clear tapping sounds that gradually grow louder

Surgical asepsis

techniques used to destroy all pathogenic organisms, also called sterile technique. Surgical asepsis is used to avoid GIVING pt an infection.

Hyperventilation

the condition of taking abnormally fast, deep breaths

Steam sterilization (autoclave)

uses steam under pressure to obtain higher temperature (250-254F) with exposure time of 20-40 minutes depending on item being sterilized.

Kussmaul respirations

very deep, labored breathing. with panting and long, grunting exhalation(usually associated with diabetic acidosis and renal failure)

Cellular hypoxia

when no oxygen is available for cells

Remitten fever

when the temperature never decreases to normal until patient recovers

Wheeze

whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway

Cerebal hypoxia

your brain doesn't get enough oxygen. That can happen if you can't breathe or if something prevents blood, which carries oxygen, from getting to your brain.