FUN chapters 16,17, and 21.
Gurgles
(low pitched wheezes) continuous dry rattling sounds heard on auscultation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction
dry sterilization
60-120 mins. @ 320 - 375 degrees F recommended for metal instruments avoid paper products may damage rubber and plastic items not recommended for hand pieces spore test = Bacillus atrophaeus. autoclave
Basophils
A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine.
Cellulitis
A serious bacterial infection of the skin. Usually affects lower extremities
Phase 4: Muffling
A sudden change or muffling of the sound (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Neutrophils
A type of white blood cell that engulfs invading microbes and contributes to the nonspecific defenses of the body against disease. They are increased in cases of acute suppurative infections.
Crackles
Abnormal, nonmusical sound heard on auscultation of the lungs during inspiration
Monocytes
An agranular leukocyte that is able to migrate into tissues and transform into a macrophage. They are increased in TB infections
The nurse would plan to reinforce instructions to which clients about the risk for transmission of disease through blood and sexual contact? Select all that apply.
Clients who are diagnosed with hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV, along with their close household members, need to be taught that the viruses are spread through blood and sexual contact.
Body's second line of defense
Destroys pathogens that escape the first line of defense. includes the mechanisms of fever, leukocytosis, phagocytosis, inflammation, and interferon
Phase 5: Silence
Disappearance of sound (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
PPE removal
Gloves Goggles Gown Mask
PPE Donning
Gown Mask Googles Gloves
A 9-year-old child with leukemia is in remission and has returned to school. The school secretary calls the parent of the child and tells the parent that a classmate has just been diagnosed with varicella (chicken pox). The parent immediately calls the nurse at the physician's office because the leukemic child has never had chicken pox. The nurse would make which response to the parent?
Immunocompromised children are unable to adequately fight varicella. Varicella can be deadly to the immunocompromised child. If an immunocompromised child who has not had chicken pox is exposed to someone with varicella, the child should receive varicella zoster immune globulin (VZIG) within 96 hours of exposure.
artifically acquired passive immunity
Injection with antibodies from the infected blood of people and/or animals. I.E Hep A
Phase 3: Knocking
Louder knocking sound that occurs with each heartbeat
Needles are ...?
NEVER recapped
passive acquired immunity
Occurs when a person is giving an antitoxin or anti serum that contains antibodies or antitoxins that have been developed in another person.
Radiation
Radiation is the emission of electromagnetic heat waves, in this case from our bodies. We usually run hotter than our environment, so we lose heat as part of the ever-present quest for equilibrium
Body's first line of defense
Skin and mucous membranes
Lymphocytes
The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances. Lymphocytes are increased when there is a chronic viral or bacterial infection. also sepsis
Naturally acquired passive immunity
When the fetus receives antibodies from the mother through placenta blood. also from breastfeeding. only last long enough for newborn to develop immune system.
when the nurse is unable to obtain a blood pressure reading they can use what/do what?
a Doppler ultrasound stethoscope
auscultatory gap
a brief period when Korotkoff sounds disappear during auscultation of blood pressure; common with hypertension
Eosinophils
a white blood cell containing granules that are readily stained by eosin.
Evaporation
is the cooling mechanism most athletes are familiar with. When we sweat, water evaporates off our skin, transferring heat into the air around us.
Hypoxia
lack of oxygen
MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) assay needs what for collection?
blood, nasal or groin swab.
atelectasis
collapse of a lung or part of a lung, also known as a lobe. It happens when tiny air sacs within the lung, called alveoli, lose air.one of the most common breathing complications after surgery.
purulent drainage
comprised of white blood cells, liquefied dead tissue debris, and both dead and live bacteria. thick, milky discharge that comes out of a wound. Indicates infection
artifically acquired immunity
dead or inactive microorganisms are made into vaccinations. This includes Polio, measles, hepatitis b, influenza, tetanus, diphtheria.
reduced WBCs results in
decreased macrophage activity.
Dyspnea
difficult or labored breathing
Pyrexia (fever)
elevated body temperature. Over 100.8 heart is also elevated during pyrexia
Diaphoresis
excessive sweating
Hepatitis A
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water
Interferons
interfere with viral replication within cells
Cheyne-Strokes respiration
irregular breathing patterns, apnea followed by deep labored breathing. Critically ill patients
Blot respirations
irregularly interspersed periods of apnea in a disorganized sequence of breaths. Occurs in pts with increased intracranial pressure.
Conduction
is direct heat transfer from one object to another. An example would be from the cold bottle of water to our hands or face, as above
Convention
is heat loss via rapid movement of air or water around us. For example, wind can make us cooler because it's blowing away the warm layer of air immediately surrounding us and replacing it with a new layer, which we heat and which is in turn blown away to start the process again. Moving water, such as a river or a current, has the same effect.
Phase 2: Swishing
murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Eupnea
normal breathing
Medical asepsis (clean technique)
practice used to remove or destroy germs and to prevent their spread from one person or place to another person or place. Includes confining organism to the pt's room.
Tachypnea
rapid breathing. Results from fever or some diseases
Bradypnea
slow breathing
Stertor
snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Stridor
strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx. Crowing sound
Pyrogens
substances that cause fever. produced by some pathogens
Phase 1: Tapping
systolic pressure indicated by faint, clear tapping sounds that gradually grow louder
Surgical asepsis
techniques used to destroy all pathogenic organisms, also called sterile technique. Surgical asepsis is used to avoid GIVING pt an infection.
Hyperventilation
the condition of taking abnormally fast, deep breaths
Steam sterilization (autoclave)
uses steam under pressure to obtain higher temperature (250-254F) with exposure time of 20-40 minutes depending on item being sterilized.
Kussmaul respirations
very deep, labored breathing. with panting and long, grunting exhalation(usually associated with diabetic acidosis and renal failure)
Cellular hypoxia
when no oxygen is available for cells
Remitten fever
when the temperature never decreases to normal until patient recovers
Wheeze
whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway
Cerebal hypoxia
your brain doesn't get enough oxygen. That can happen if you can't breathe or if something prevents blood, which carries oxygen, from getting to your brain.