Fundamentals Chapter 14 The Lathe
When using a parting tool, the spindle speed of the machine is about _______ the speed used for conventional turning.
1/3
Accumulated metal chips and dirt are cleaned from the lathe with a(n) ________, never with your hands.
Brush
_______ is used to indicate the distance that the cutter moves in one revolution of the work.
Feed
Saddle
Fitted to the ways and slides along them
List the four types of shoulders.
Square, angular, filleted, undercut
The largest piece that can be turned between centers is equal to _____________.
The length of the bed minus the space taken up by the tailstock and headstock
What actions are considered dangerous when operating a lathe?
Wearing loose clothing and jewelry, measuring with work rotating, operating lathe with most guards in place, using compressed air to clean machine
Explain the purpose of ways on the lathe bed.
aligns and guides the movable part of the machine
Some lathes come equipped with a(n) ____________ allowing for slower speeds with greater power.
back gear
Most work is machined while supported by one of four methods.
between centers
Cutting speeds can be increased 300% to 400% by using ______ cutting tools.
carbide
Before work can be mounted between centers, a(n) ______ must be drilled at each end of the stock.
center hole
A tapered piece will result, when the work is turned between centers, if the centers are not aligned. Approximate alignment can be determined by two methods. What are they?
checking centers visually, checking the witness lines on the base of the tailstock
Headstock
contains the spindle to which the various work-holding attachments are fitted
Facing
cutting across the end of a workpiece to create a flat surface
Feed
distance that the cutter moves lengthwise along the lathe bed during a single revolution of the work
Cutting speed
distance the work moves past the cutting tool
Into which of the following categories do various parts of the lathe fall under?
driving the lathe, holding and rotating the work, holding, moving and guiding the cutting tool
Ways
flat or v shaped bearing surface that aligns and guides the movable part of the machine
Swing
indicates the largest diameter that can be turned over the ways
Briefly describe the three methods for checking center alignment if close tolerance work is to be done between centers.
make a light trail cut then check diameter, use a steel test bar and dial indicator, machine a section of scrap
Single-point cutting tool
one cutting edge and one end, usually made of high speed steel
Compound rest
permits angular tool movement
Cross-slide
permits transverse tool movement
Lathe center
pointed work-holding device used to accurately align the workpiece along the axis
Depth of cut
refers to the distance the cutter is fed into the work surface
Spindle
revolves in heavy-duty bearings and is rotated by belts, gears, or a combination of both
Chip breaker
small groove cut into the face of a lathe tool near the cutting edge to break chips into small pieces
Tailstock
supports the outer end of the work
The size of the lathe is determined by the ____________ and the length of the bed.
swing
The lathe operates on the principles of ______________.
the cutter revolving against the work, the cutting tool can be moved vertically across the work, the work rotating against the cutting tool
What does cutting speed indicate?
the distance the work moves past the cutting tool
Parting
the turning operation of cutting off material after it has been machined
Why is a concave rake ground on top of the cutter when used for cutting operations?
to reduce chip width
Plain turning
turning in which the entire length of the piece is machined to a specific diameter
Grooving
turning operation of cutting a groove or recess into a workpiece to terminate a thread or provided adequate clearance for mating parts
Tool post
used to mount the cutting tool
Indexable insert cutting tool
widely used for turning and milling operations, the inserts are manufactured in a number of shapes and sizes for different turning geometries
In most lathe operations, you will be using a single-point cutting tool made of _______.
High speed steel
What are the four most used types of lathe chucks?
Jacobs, 3 jaw, 4 jaw, collet
Roughing cut
deep cuts made to remove a considerable material from a workpiece
Lathe dog
device clamped to one end of the material to drive the workpiece