Fundamentals of Computer Science - What is Computing? - Unit 4

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Alan Turing contribution

'Turning machine theory' first universal computing machine

What is a network device

(how your computer connects or communicates with other devices/computers)

Charles Babbage time period

1791-1871

Ada Lovelace time period

1840's / 1815-1852

John Mauchly time period

1907-1980

J. Presper Eckrat time period

1919-1995

Alan Turing time period

1936

ENIAC programmers time period

1946

Grace Hopper time period

1959-1986

Mark Dean time period

1979 / 1957

what is AI

AI is artificial intelligence; itis essentially making a machine think like a human and perform activities that are considered 'smart' or that an ordinary human wouldn't be able to do at the speed and accuracy of this machine

Ada Lovelace contribution

Aka 'enchantress of numbers' She wrote the first computer program

what part of the computer is this

CPU | central processing unit

Mark Dean contribution

Created some of the most important parts of a PC, ISA (industry standard architecture), and first color PC monitor

What is an input device

Device used to insert data into a computer or other computational device. **How YOU give information to your computer

J. Presper Eckert. contribution

He was the ENIAC's chief engineer.

John Mauchly contribution

He was the principal consultant and inspirational leader of the ENIAC

Charles Babbage contribution

Invented the first 'computer known as an "analytical machine' and it could perform basic mathematical calculations

Input device examples

Keyboard, mouse, speaker, touchscreen, storage device, scanner, microphone

what can an OS do

Manages user applications,memory allocation among applications, multi-tasking, Displays GUI, graphical user interface Controls hardware and peripherals ie: printer, keyboard Runs applications and software Provides file structure, responsible for security, schedules processes such as updates

Output device examples

Monitor, printer, storage device, speakers, projector

Grace Hopper main contirbution

One of the first female programmers, helped develops advanced software, tools and programs (A-0, COBOL)

what is hardware + corresponding details

RAM (random access memory) AND ROM (read only memory) ARE hardware, YOU CANNOT BUY SOFTWARE like the parts that you buy hardware in Hardware is the physical parts of your computer

What is hardware?

The physical componenets of a computer

What is an output device?

a device that outputs data from the computer how your computer. tells you things

What do output devices do? (allow the computer to do)

display info, give audio signals, transform. digital info into physical info

What is secondary storage

extra memory used for persistent storage, storage for a long period of time/forever

Categories of a computer

hardware and software

What does an input device allow you to do with your computer?

interact with your computer, turn physical data into digital data

examples of storage

internal hard disk, external hard disk, solid-state drive, memory card, USB flash drive, iCloud, CD's, network attached storage devices,

ENIAC programmers contribution

invented the first electronic general purpose computer

What is a LAN

local area network, connects computers close to each other (ie in the same building), can usually be connected with single router

What part of the computer is this

memory

what is primary storage

memory the computer uses to perform normal activities, this memory is cleared when the power is off (called RAM, random access memory)

workstation OS (MOST POPULAR/WELL KNOWN)

microsoft windows, apple macintosh, linux

what part of the computer is this

motherboard

what are the. 2 categories of storage

primary storage, secondary. storage

What is software

programs or appplications that run on the computer and contain instructions telling the computer exactly what to do

What is system software?

programs that run on the computer and help the computer perform tasks ie; operating systems and utilities

what is a router

something that can receive and analyze data from the computer

what was the first computer

the Chinese Abascus

what is an operating system

the primary software (a set of computer instructions that tell the computer how to properly work) that runs applications, manages hardware, memory and software on a computer makes the computer usable, allows user to communicate with compuyter

What is software?

the programs that are run on the computer

What is the correct order of software (biggest to smallest)

user application, system software, hardware

What is a storage device

what. your. computer uses to remember information or how your computer remembers information

what. is a WAN

wide area network, connects computers far away from each other, usually needs multiple routers and maybe even special cables


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