Fundamentals of Computer Science - What is Computing? - Unit 4
Alan Turing contribution
'Turning machine theory' first universal computing machine
What is a network device
(how your computer connects or communicates with other devices/computers)
Charles Babbage time period
1791-1871
Ada Lovelace time period
1840's / 1815-1852
John Mauchly time period
1907-1980
J. Presper Eckrat time period
1919-1995
Alan Turing time period
1936
ENIAC programmers time period
1946
Grace Hopper time period
1959-1986
Mark Dean time period
1979 / 1957
what is AI
AI is artificial intelligence; itis essentially making a machine think like a human and perform activities that are considered 'smart' or that an ordinary human wouldn't be able to do at the speed and accuracy of this machine
Ada Lovelace contribution
Aka 'enchantress of numbers' She wrote the first computer program
what part of the computer is this
CPU | central processing unit
Mark Dean contribution
Created some of the most important parts of a PC, ISA (industry standard architecture), and first color PC monitor
What is an input device
Device used to insert data into a computer or other computational device. **How YOU give information to your computer
J. Presper Eckert. contribution
He was the ENIAC's chief engineer.
John Mauchly contribution
He was the principal consultant and inspirational leader of the ENIAC
Charles Babbage contribution
Invented the first 'computer known as an "analytical machine' and it could perform basic mathematical calculations
Input device examples
Keyboard, mouse, speaker, touchscreen, storage device, scanner, microphone
what can an OS do
Manages user applications,memory allocation among applications, multi-tasking, Displays GUI, graphical user interface Controls hardware and peripherals ie: printer, keyboard Runs applications and software Provides file structure, responsible for security, schedules processes such as updates
Output device examples
Monitor, printer, storage device, speakers, projector
Grace Hopper main contirbution
One of the first female programmers, helped develops advanced software, tools and programs (A-0, COBOL)
what is hardware + corresponding details
RAM (random access memory) AND ROM (read only memory) ARE hardware, YOU CANNOT BUY SOFTWARE like the parts that you buy hardware in Hardware is the physical parts of your computer
What is hardware?
The physical componenets of a computer
What is an output device?
a device that outputs data from the computer how your computer. tells you things
What do output devices do? (allow the computer to do)
display info, give audio signals, transform. digital info into physical info
What is secondary storage
extra memory used for persistent storage, storage for a long period of time/forever
Categories of a computer
hardware and software
What does an input device allow you to do with your computer?
interact with your computer, turn physical data into digital data
examples of storage
internal hard disk, external hard disk, solid-state drive, memory card, USB flash drive, iCloud, CD's, network attached storage devices,
ENIAC programmers contribution
invented the first electronic general purpose computer
What is a LAN
local area network, connects computers close to each other (ie in the same building), can usually be connected with single router
What part of the computer is this
memory
what is primary storage
memory the computer uses to perform normal activities, this memory is cleared when the power is off (called RAM, random access memory)
workstation OS (MOST POPULAR/WELL KNOWN)
microsoft windows, apple macintosh, linux
what part of the computer is this
motherboard
what are the. 2 categories of storage
primary storage, secondary. storage
What is software
programs or appplications that run on the computer and contain instructions telling the computer exactly what to do
What is system software?
programs that run on the computer and help the computer perform tasks ie; operating systems and utilities
what is a router
something that can receive and analyze data from the computer
what was the first computer
the Chinese Abascus
what is an operating system
the primary software (a set of computer instructions that tell the computer how to properly work) that runs applications, manages hardware, memory and software on a computer makes the computer usable, allows user to communicate with compuyter
What is software?
the programs that are run on the computer
What is the correct order of software (biggest to smallest)
user application, system software, hardware
What is a storage device
what. your. computer uses to remember information or how your computer remembers information
what. is a WAN
wide area network, connects computers far away from each other, usually needs multiple routers and maybe even special cables