Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - Carbohydrate Metabolism

Réussis tes devoirs et examens dès maintenant avec Quizwiz!

hyperglycemia; higher

A lack of insulin causes ________, a state in which the concentration of blood sugar is ________ than normal

pyruvate

All of the chemicals below are associated with the pentose phosphate pathway except

glycogenolysis

All of the following are reactions in the oxidation of glucose which produce energy except

the same enzymes are used in the digestion of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

All of the following statements concerning digestion are correct except

isomerization

Conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is a(an) ________

lactate

During gluconeogenesis pyruvate is formed from glycerol, certain amino acids and _________

More than one response is correct

Insulin increases the rate at which

producing ribose

The major function of the pentose phosphate pathway when nucleic acid synthesis is a priority is

pyruvate, ATP, and NADH

The products of glycolysis important in metabolism are

GTP

A high energy phosphate molecule involved in gluconeogenesis is ________

digestion begins in the stomach and is completed in the large intestine

All of the following statements concerning digestion are correct except

conversion into phosphates

Entry of monosaccharides other than glucose into the glycolysis pathway initially involves

liver

Gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in the

muscle; liver

Glycogen is most commonly found in ________ cells and ________ cells

glycogen → glucose

Glycogenolysis can be correctly represented by which of the following pathways?

glucose-6-phosphatase

Glycogenolysis does not occur in muscle tissue because it lacks which of the following enzymes?

cytosol of all cells

Glycolysis occurs mainly in the

insulin; glucagon; epinephrine

Hormones which regulate glucose metabolism are ________, ________, and ________

diabetic

If a glucose tolerance test shows an abnormally high level of glucose in the blood after several hours, the person is possibly

glycogenolysis; gluconeogenesis

In an individual who is starving or fasting, the body meets its need for glucose first by the process of ________, and then by the process of ________

phosphorylation

In the first step of glycolysis, the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate is known as

hypoglycemia; lower

Overproduction of insulin causes ________, a state in which the concentration of blood sugar is ________ than normal

reduction of pyruvate provides NAD+ which is needed for glycolysis

Pyruvate is converted to lactate under anaerobic conditions because ________

consume ATP instead of producing it

Steps 1-5 of glycolysis are referred to as the "energy investment" portion of the process because these steps

alcoholic fermentation

The action of yeast on pyruvate is a process referred to as

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

The chemical resulting from steps 3-5 of glycolysis which is oxidized in step 6 is

isomerization

The conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in the second step of glycolysis is a(an) ________ reaction

insulin

The diseases identified as diabetes are primarily associated with a malfunction of the hormone

aldolase

The enzyme that catalyzes cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is ________

esterification; glucose-6-phosphate

The first step of glycolysis involves ________ to form ________

producing NADPH

The major function of the pentose phosphate pathway when energy for anabolic reactions is a priority is

monosaccharides

The major products of carbohydrate digestion are

production of ATP as an energy source for all cells

The most important goal of glucose metabolism is

glucose

The most important monosaccharide for energy production is

32

The overall yield of ATP molecules from the complete catabolism of one molecule of glucose in humans and other mammals is ________

lactate

The pain and cramps that occur during physical exhaustion are associated with the formation of excess

glycolysis

The pathway followed by glucose when energy is needed is

gluconeogenesis

The process of making glucose from noncarbohydrates is known as

starch and glycogen

The target molecule(s) for α-amylase is (are)

substrate-level

When ATP is produced by direct transfer of a phosphate group instead of from reactions coupled to electron transport, the process is referred to as ________ phosphorylation

the pentose phosphate pathway

When a cell's need for NADPH or ribose-6-phosphate exceeds its need for ATP, glucose-6-phosphate is metabolized by

II, I, III

When a person is deprived of food, in which order does the body use the following sources to produce glucose? I. protein breakdown to amino acids used for gluconeogenesis II. conversion of glycogen to glucose III. catabolism of lipids

hypoglycemia

When blood sugar levels are lower than normal, this condition is called

acetyl-SCoA

When energy is needed and adequate oxygen is available, pyruvate is converted to ________

ethanol

Which chemical is produced from pyruvate when it is metabolized by yeast cells?

acetyl-SCoA

Which chemical is produced from pyruvate when it is metabolized in muscle cells under aerobic conditions?

lactate

Which chemical is produced from pyruvate when it is metabolized in muscle cells under anaerobic conditions?

glucose to pyruvate

Which conversion is accomplished during glycolysis

I and IV

Which of the following are produced as a net result of glycolysis? I. NADH II. NAD+ III. ADP IV. ATP

galactose, fructose, and mannose

Which of the following carbohydrates can also be used as fuel in glycolysis?

pyruvate

Which of the following is not a product of digestion?

UTC

Which of the following is not used as an energy source in metabolism?

glycogenesis

Which pathway converts glucose to its storage form in animals?

glycogenolysis

Which pathway produces glucose from its storage form in animals?


Ensembles d'études connexes

Finance exam 2 part 1 multiple choice

View Set

Bus. Ethics 8-9, Quiz 5 (Chapter 7) AU, Chapter 7 & 8 Questions, 421 chap 13 TB, Social Responsibility Ch 10, Business Ethics exam 2, Reading Quiz #7, BUS Ch. 11 & 12, BUS 100 Lesson 4 Reading Quiz, HW tech 1, D270 Chap5, Chapter 8/(9): Influencing t...

View Set

Section 4, Unit 1: Commercial Sources of Funds

View Set

Chapter 3: The American Colonies Take Shape (1607 - 1765)

View Set

Left and Right Sided Heart Failure Internship

View Set

Chapter 12: Motivating Employees

View Set