Fundamentals of Nursing Chapter 1
Doctor of Philosophy
Rigorous research and theory development.
Certified Nurse-Midwife (CNM)
Involves independent care for women in normal pregnancy, labor, and delivery and care of newborns.
Communicator
Is central to the nurse patient relationship.
Nurse Practitioner
Detects and manages self-limiting acute and chronic stable medical conditions.
Teamwork and Collaboration
Function effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision making to achieve quality patient care. Examples: Recognize the contributions of other heath team members and patient's family members. Discuss effective strategies for communicating and resolving conflict. Participate in designing methods to support effective teamwork.
Lillian Walk and Mary Brewster
Opened the Henry Street Settlement, focusing on the health needs of the poor.
Informatics
Use information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision making. Examples: Navigate an electronic health record. Protect confidentiality of protected health information in electronic health records.
Autonomy
Independent nursing interventions that the nurse initiates without medical orders.
In-Service education
Instruction or training provided by health care agencies.
Mary Adelaide Nutting
Instrumental in moving nursing education into universities.
Evidence-Based Practice
Integrate the best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient/family preferences and values for delivery of optimal health care. Examples: Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods. Appreciate strengths and weaknesses of scientific bases for practice. Appreciate the importance of regularly reading relevant journals.
Nurse Researcher
Investigates problems to improve nursing care and to expand the scope of nursing practice.
Nursing Administrator
Manages patient care and the delivery of specific nursing services within a health care agency.
Competent
A nurse who has been in the same clinical position for 2 to 3 years. This nurse understands the organization and specific care required by the type of patients. He or she is a competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. In this phase the nurse has usually had experience with all types of psychomotor skills required by this specific group of patients.
Advanced beginner
A nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation. This experience may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principals of nursing care.
Novice
Beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous experience. The learner learns via a specific set of rules and procedures, which are usually stepwise and linear.
Advocate
Protects patients' human and legal rights and provides assistance in asserting these rights.
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)
Provides surgical anesthesia.
Describe nursing's code of ethics.
The nursing code of ethics is the philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define the principles you will use to provide care to your patients.
What is the purpose of Nurse Practice Acts?
The purpose is to regulate the scope of nursing practice and protect public health, safety, and welfare.
Diagnosis
The registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnosis or issues.
Education
The registered nurse attains knowledge and competency that reflects current nursing practice.
Collaboration
The registered nurse collaborates with health care consumer, family, and others in the conduct of nursing practice.
Caregiver
Helps the patient maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level of function and independence.
Doctor of Nursing Practice
A practice-focused doctorate.
The examination of RN licensure provides:
A standardized minimum knowledge base for nurses.
Baccalaureate degree
A 4 -year program that includes social sciences, arts, and humanities.
Expert
A nurse with diverse experience who has an intuitive grasp of an existing or potential clinical problem. This nurse is able to zero in on the problem and focus on multiple dimensions of the situation. He or she is skilled at identifying both patient-centered problems and problems related to the health care system or perhaps the needs of the novice nurse.
Proficient
A nurse with more than 2 to 3 years experience in the same clinical position. This nurse perceives a patient's clinical situation as a whole, is able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences to a situation. This nurse focuses on managing care as opposed to managing and performing skills.
Associate's degree
Emphasizes advanced knowledge in basic sciences and research based clinical courses.
Master's degree
Emphasizes research-based clinical practice
Graduate nurses must pass a licensure examination administered by the: 1. State Boards of Nursing 2. National League of Nursing 3. Accredited school of nursing 4. American Nurses Association
Answer: 1. State Boards of Nursing Rationale: Candidates are eligible to take the NCLEX-RN to become registered nurses in the state in which they practice.
A group that lobbies at the state and federal level for advancement of nurses' role, economic interests, and health care is the: 1. State Boards of Nursing 2. American Nurses Association 3. American Hospital Association 4. National Student Nurses Association
Answer: 2. America Nurses Association Rationale: The ANA's purpose is to improve the professional development and general welfare or nurses.
The factor that best advanced the practice of nursing in the twenty-first century was: 1. Growth of cities 2. Teaching of Christianity 3. Better education of nurses 4. Improved conditions for women
Answer: 3. Better education of nurses Rationale: Nursing is a combination of knowledge from the physical sciences, humanities, and social sciences along with clinical competencies.
Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)
Four core roles. There are four core roles : Certified Nurse Specialist (CNS) Certified Nurse Practitioner (CNP) Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM) Certified RN Anesthetist (CRNA)
Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)
Expert clinician in a specialized area of practice.
Educator
Explains, demonstrates, reinforces, and evaluates the patient's progress in learning.
Mary Mahoney
First professionally trained African-American nurse.
Continuing education
Formal, organized educational programs offered by various institutions.
Clara Barton
Founder of the American Red Cross
Manager
Has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit.
Safety
Minimize risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance. Examples: Examine human factors and basic safety design principles and commonly used unsafe practices. Value own role in preventing errors.
How did Florence Nightingale see the role of the nurse in the early 1800s?
She saw the role of nursing as being in charge of a patient's health based on the knowledge of how to put the body in such a state as to be free of disease or to recover from disease.
Assessment
The registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient's health and/or the situation.
Communication
The registered nurse communicates effectively in all areas of practice.
Quality of Practice
The registered nurse contributes to quality nursing practice.
Leadership
The registered nurse demonstrates leadership in the professional practice setting and the profession.
Professional Practice Evaluation
The registered nurse evaluates her or his own nursing practice in relation to professional practice standards and guidelines, relevant statutes, rules, and regulations.
Evaluation
The registered nurse evaluates progress toward attainment of outcomes.
Outcomes Identification
The registered nurse identifies expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the patient or the situation.
Evidence-Based Practice and Research
The registered nurse integrates evidence and research findings into practice.
Ethics
The registered nurse practices ethically
Environmental Health
The registered nurse practices in an environmentally safe and healthy manner.
Resources
The registered nurse uses appropriate resources to plan and provide nursing services that are safe, effective, and financially responsible.
The goals of any professional nursing organization is to:
To improve the standards of practice, expand nursing roles, and foster the welfare of nurses within the specialty areas.
Quality Improvement
Use data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and use improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve the quality and safety of heath care systems. Examples: Use tools such as flow charts and diagrams to make process of care explicit. Appreciate how unwanted variation in outcomes affects care. Identify gaps between local and best practices.
Explain compassion fatigue:
a term used to describe burnout and secondary traumatic stress, which impact the health and wellness of nurses and the quality of care provided to patients.
What are the ANA Standards of Practice?
a. Assessment b. Diagnosis c. Outcomes Identification d. Planning e. Implementation f. Evaluation
Define nursing (according to the American Nursing Association [ANA]).
is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response; and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations.
Nurse Educator
Works primarily in schools of nursing and staff development.
Implementation
a. Coordination of care: The registered nurse coordinates care delivery. b. Health Teaching and Health Promotion: The registered nurse uses strategies to promote health and a safe environment. c. Consultation: The graduate level-prepared specialty nurse of advanced practice registered nurse provides consultation to influence the identified plan, enhance the abilities of others, and effect change. d. Prescriptive Authority and Treatment: The advanced practice registered nurse uses prescriptive authority, procedures, referrals, treatment, and therapies in accordance with state and federal laws and regulations.
Identify the ANA Standards of Professional Performance.
a. Ethics b. Education c. Evidence-Based Practice and Research d. Quality of Practice e. Communication f. Leadership g. Collaboration h. Professional Practice Evaluation i. Resources j. Environmental Health
According to Benner, an expert nurse goes through five levels of proficiency. Identify them.
a. Novice b. Advanced Beginner c. Competent d. Proficient e. Expert
What are the external forces that have affected nursing practice in the twenty-first century?
a. Nurses' self-care b. Affordable care act (ACA) and rising health care costs c. Demographic changes of the population d. Human rights e. Increasing numbers of medically underserved
Identify the competencies of the QSEN initiative.
a. Teamwork and Collaboration b. Evidence-Based Practice c. Quality Improvement d. Safety e. Informatics
Define the term genomics.
describes the study of all the genes in a person, as well as interactions of those genes with each other and with that person's environment.
The value of certification is:
that the nurse may chose to be certified in a specific area of practice by meeting the practice requirements.