Fundamentals: Urinary System & Elimination, Test 3

children cath size

8-10 Fr with 3mL balloon

average residual

< 50 mL

urinary diversions

surgical procedure to divert urine to outside of the body

ureters

transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

normal RBC of urine

up to 2

permanent incontinent urinary diversion

ureterostomy

urethra

urine travels from bladder and exits through urethral meatus

orthotopic neobladder

uses ileal pouch to replace the bladder

goal for intermittent catheterization

void of 400 mL

nocturia

waking at night to void

what two things found in the urine are a sign of glomerulus injury?

-proteinuria -hematuria

99% of filtrate is reabsorbed by

-proximal convoluted tubule -loop of henle -distal tubule

infant catheter size

5-6 FR

normal WBC of urine

0-4

continent urinary reservoir

-created from distal part of the ileum and proximal part of the colon -bag is on the outside of the stomach

intravenous pyelogram

-dye injected -xray taken

condom cath

-for spontaneous and complete bladder emptying -make sure penis is free of swelling, redness or lesions

not normally present in urine

-glucose -protein -ketones -blood -bacteria -crystals -casts

adults cath size

-14-16 Fr women -16-18 Fr men -both with 10 mL balloon

indications for straight catheterization

-Bladder distention -Obtain sterile specimen -Assess residual after voiding -Spinal cord injuries, neuromuscular degeneration, incompetent bladder -Enlarged prostate

other kidney functions

-RAAS -converts vitamin D into active form

indications for indwelling catheterization

-Surgical repair of urethra or bladder -Measuring output of critically ill patient -Urinary retention -Skin conditions - wounds, ulcers, rash

normal range of fluid production

1-2 L a day

normal specific gravity of urine

1.0053-1.030

normal pH of urine

4.6-8

bladder capacity

400-600 mL

average volume voided

300-400 mL

triple lumen

CBI

A client is frustrated and embarrassed by urinary incontinence. Which of the following measures should Nurse Ginny include in a bladder retraining program? A. Establishing a predetermined fluid intake pattern for the client B. Encouraging the client to increase the time between voidings C. Restricting fluid intake to reduce the need to void D. Assessing present elimination patterns

a

Nurse Mary is inserting a urinary catheter into a client who is extremely anxious about the procedure. The nurse can facilitate the insertion by asking the client to: A breathe deeply B initiate a stream of urine C turn to the side D hold the labia or shaft of penis

a

Nurse Pete is reviewing the report of a client's routine urinalysis. Which value should the nurse consider abnormal? A Specific gravity of 1.03 B Urine pH of 3.0 C Absence of protein D Absence of glucose

b

Nurse Pippy is reviewing a client's fluid intake and output record. Fluid intake and urine output should relate in which way? A. Fluid intake should be double the urine output B. Fluid intake should be approximately equal to the urine output C. Fluid intake should be half the urine output D. Fluid intake should be inversely proportional to the urine output

b

When a female client with an indwelling urinary (Foley) catheter insists on walking to the hospital lobby to visit with family members, nurse Rose teaches how to do this without compromising the catheter. Which client action indicates an accurate understanding of this information? A. The client sets the drainage bag on the floor while sitting down. B. The client keeps the drainage bag below the bladder at all times C. The client clamps the catheter drainage tubing while visiting with the family D. The client loops the drainage tubing below its point of entry into the drainage bag

b

bladder removal called

cystectomy

Overflow UI

associated with chronic retention of urine

inflammation of bladder

cystitis

endoscopy/cystoscopy

camera inserted into bladder for direct visualization

single lumen

straight cath

urinary tract infection (UTI)

caused by catheterization, poor hygiene, retention, incontinence

assessment of skin

checks for hydration

blood stream infection

bacteremia

lower UTI

bladder

ureterostomy

brings ureters out to create stoma

Nurse Gil is aware that the following statements describing urinary incontinence in the elderly is true? A Urinary incontinence is a normal part of aging B Urinary incontinence in the elderly can't be treated C Urinary incontinence isn't a disease D Urinary incontinence is a disease

d

oliguria

decreased output of urine

alcohol does what?

decreases ADH so increases urine production

first sign of UTI in older adults

delirium

assessment of bladder

distended bladder rises above symphysis pubis

arteriogram/angiography

dying the veins and using fluorescent imaging to see it

pain while emptying

dysuria

urine intake should be greater/less/equal to output

equal

KUB and CAT scans

film of lower abdomen

assessment of kidneys

flank pain may occur with infection or inflammation

ultrasound

imaging using sound waves

collection retainer kept where during timed urine specimens?

in fridge or on ice to prevent bacterial growth

urinary retention

inability to partially or completely empty the bladder

diuretics

increase output by preventing water absorption

anticholinergics

increase urinary retention by inhibiting bladder contractility

polyuria

increased output of urine

double lumen

indwelling

suprapubic cath

inserted surgically into the bladder through the abdominal wall above the symphysis pubis

urge UI

involuntary leakage associated with urgency

urinary incontinence

involuntary leakage of urine

stress UI

involuntary loss of urine associated with effort or exertion on sneezing or coughing

assessment of urethral meatus

observe for discharge, inflammation, and lesions

micturition

occurs when the brain gives the bladder permission to empty, the bladder contracts, the urinary sphincter relaxes, and urine leaves the body through the urethra

stoma

opening in the abdomen wall through which urine flows

what is important to remember during timed specimens?

patient voids and discards first urine

upper UTI

pyelonephritis

hypnotics and sedatives

reduce the ability to act on the urge to void

kidney

removes waste from the blood via the nephrons to form urine

bladder

reservoir for urine until the urge to urinate develops

nephrostomy

sends tubes into renal pelvis to drain it