GAMETE FORMATION (MEIOSIS)
WHAT DOES OOGENESIS RESULT IN?
3 POLAR BODIES AND 1 MATURE EGG
WHAT DOES DIPLOID MEAN?
46 CHROMOSOMES
HOW MANY CHROMOSOMES DO HUMANS HAVE?
46 TOTAL 23 PAIRS
WHAT HAPPENS DURING ANAPHASE 2 OF MEIOSIS?
ATTACHMENT BETWEEN 2 CHROMATIDS OF EACH CHROMOSOME BREAKS FORMER SISTER CHROMATID NOW CHROMOSOMES IN THEIR OWN RIGHT AND ARE MOVED TO OPPOSITE POLES BY MOTOR PROTEINS
WHAT IS AN OVULE?
COMPARTMENT INSIDE THE OVARY WHERE FEMALE GAMETES ARE PRODUCED
WHAT DO MAP UNITS MEAN FOR GENE MAPPING?
CROSSOVER FREQUENCY (5% MEANS 5 MAP UNITS)
ARE SOMATIC CELLS DIPLOID OR HAPLOID?
DIPLOID
IS A ZYGOTE DIPLOID OR HAPLOID?
DIPLOID
WHAT HAPPENS DURING PROPHASE 1 OF MEIOSIS?
DUPLICATED CHROMOSOMES CONDENSE CONDENSE WITH HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS CROSSING OVERING OCCURS EACH CHROMOSOME BECOMES ATTACHED TO MICROTUBULES OF A NEWLY FORMING SPINDLE
WHAT HAPPENS DURING ANAPHASE 1 OF MEIOSIS?
EACH DUPLICATED CHROMOSOME IS PULLED AWAY FROM ITS HOMOLOGOUS PARTNER THE PARTNERS ARE MOVED TO OPPOSITE SPINDLE POLES
WHAT MUST OCCUR IN ORDER AN EGG TO BECOME MONOZYGOTIC?
EMBRYO SEPARATES AT AN EARLY STAGE AND EACH CONTINUES NORMAL DEVELOPMENT
WHAT IS OOGENESIS?
FORMATION OF EGG
WHAT IS SPERMATOGENESIS?
FORMATION OF SPERM
WHAT HAPPENS DURING TELOPHASE 2 OF MEIOSIS?
FOUR DAUGHTER NUCLEI FORM WHEN THE CYTOPLASM DIVIDES, EACH NEW CELL HAS A HAPLOID CHROMOSOME NUMBER (ALL IN UNDUPLICATED STATE) THEN CELLS COULD GO ON TO DEVELOP INTO GAMETES
WHAT IS THE END RESULT OF SPERMATOGENESIS?
FOUR HAPLOID SPERM
WHAT DOES A DIZYGOTIC EGG RESULT IN?
FRATERNAL TWINS
ARE SEX CELLS SOMATIC OR GAMETES?
GAMETES
WHAT DOES A MONOZYGOTIC EGG RESULT IN?
GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TWINS
ARE GAMETES DIPLOID OR HAPLOID?
HAPLOID
WHAT DOES HAPLOID MEAN?
HAVE ONLY ONE OF EACH TYPE OF CHROMOSOME
WHEN GENES ARE FARTHER APART; DO THEY HAVE A HIGHER OR LOWER CHANCE OR CROSSING OVER?
HIGHER CHANCE
WHAT MAKES MEIOSIS 1 AND MEIOSIS 2 DIFFERENT? (RELATING TO CHROMOSOMES)
IN MEIOSIS 1: THE PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES (AND THEIR COPIES) SEPARATE IN ANAPHASE IN MEIOSIS 2: THE INDIVIDUAL CHROMATIDS SEPARATE
WHEN GENES ARE CLOSER TOGETHER; DO THEY HAVE A HIGHER OR LOWER CHANCE OR CROSSING OVER?
LOWER
WHAT HAPPENED TO THE EGG WITH CONJOINED TWINS?
MONOZYGOTIC PAIR THAT DOES NOT SEPARATE ALL THE WAY.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING METAPHASE 2 OF MEIOSIS?
MOTOR PROTEINS AND SPINDLE MICROTUBULE INTERACTION HAVE MOVED ALL THE DUPLICATED CHROMOSOMES SO THAT THEY ARE POSITIONED AT THE SPINDLE EQUATOR MIDWAY BETWEEN POLES
WHAT CAN WE TELL ABOUT RECOMBINATION IN GENES?
NEW COMBINATIONS OF LINKED GENES ARE DUE TO CROSSING OVER
DEFINE MONOZYGOTIC
ONE EGG AND ONE SPERM
LIST THE STAGES OF OOGENESIS
OOGONIUM PRIMARY OOCYTE SECONDARY OOCYTE OVUM
WHICH IS MORE LIKELY TO OCCUR OFTEN? PARENTAL PHENOTYPES OR RECOMBINATION PHENOTYPES?
PARENTAL PHENOTYPES
WHAT STAGE ARE THE OOCYTES FROZEN IN UNTIL PUBERTY?
PROPHASE 1
WHAT ARE GAMETES?
SPERM AND EGG CELLS
LIST THE STAGES OF SPERM FORMATION
SPERMATOGONIA PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTE SECONDARY SPERMATOCYTE SPERMATID MATURE SPERM
WHAT HAPPENS DURING METAPHASE 1 OF MEIOSIS?
THE SPINDLE IS NOW FULLY FORMED ALL CHROMOSOMES ARE POSITIONED MIDWAY BETWEEN THE POLES OF ONE CELL
HOW ARE GAMETES PRODUCED?
THROUGH MEIOSIS
WHAT IS THE END GOAL OF MEIOSIS?
TO PRODUCE SPERM AND EGGS
WHAT IS GENE MAPPING?
TRACKING CROSSING OVER HELPS DETERMINE WHERE GENES ARE LOCATED ON THE CHROMOSOME
HOW MANY DIVISIONS ARE THERE IN MEIOSIS?
TWO DIVISIONS (GOES THROUGH ALL THE STAGES TWICE)
DEFINE DIZYGOTIC
TWO EGGS AND TWO SPERM
WHAT HAPPENS DURING TELOPHASE 1 OF MEIOSIS?
TWO HAPLOID CELLS FORM (EACH HAVING ONE EACH TYPE OF CHROMOSOME THAT WAS PRESENT IN THE PARENT CELL) THE CHROMOSOMES ARE STILL IN DUPLICATED STATE
WHAT IS AN ANTHER?
WHERE MALE GAMETES ARE PRODUCED
DOES A FEMALE HAVE ALL THE PRIMARY OOCYTES AT BIRTH?
YES. ALL ARE FORMED BUT ARE FROZEN IN PROPHASE 1