GE-4 Prelim

epochal shift

has taken place with the transition from a world economy to a global economy

Immanuel Wallerstein

"GLOBALIZATION" refers to some assertedly new, chronologically recent, process in which states are said to be no longer primary units of decision-making, but are now, only now, finding themselves located in a structure in which something called the "world market," a somewhat mystical and surely reified entity, dictates the rule."

New economy

- informational, knowledge-based; - global, in that production is organized on a global scale; and -networked, in that productivity is generated through global networks of interaction.

Arjun Appadurai

An Anthropologists said that different kinds of globalization occur on multiple and intersecting dimensions of integration that he calls scapes.

William Robinson

Conceptualized Global Capitalism

Saskia Sassen

Conceptualized Global City

Roland Robertson

Conceptualized Glocalization

George Ritzer

Conceptualized The Four Main Dimensions of McDonaldization

Marshall McLuhan

Conceptualized The Global Village

Leslie Sklair

Conceptualized The Transnational Practices

Anthony Giddens

Conceptualized Time-space Distanciation

Tomlinson Nederveen Pieterse

Conceptualized the Theories of Global Culture

Financescape

Different kinds of Globalization based by Arjun Appadurai, denotes the global circulation of money

Mediascape

Different kinds of Globalization based by Arjun Appadurai, is about the flow of culture

Ideoscape

Different kinds of Globalization based by Arjun Appadurai, is the realm where political ideas move around.

Technoscape

Different kinds of Globalization based by Arjun Appadurai, refers to the circulation of mechanical goods and software

Ethnoscape

Different kinds of Globalization based by Arjun Appadurai, refers to the global movement of people

World Economy

Each country developed a national economy that was linked to others through trade and finances in an integrated international market

Increasing Influence of Multinational Companies

Effects of Globalization, A company that has subsidiaries in various countries is called a multinational. Often, the head office is found in the country where the company was established.

Technological Progress

Effects of Globalization, Because of the need to compete and be competitive globally, governments have upgraded their level of technology.

Greater Outsourcing of Business Processes to Other Countries.

Effects of Globalization, China, India, and the Philippines are tremendously benefiting from this trend of global business outsourcing. Global companies in the US and Europe take advantage of the cheaper labor and highly-skilled workers that countries like India and the Philippines can offer

Greater Mobility of Human Resources across Countries

Effects of Globalization, allows countries to source their manpower in countries with cheap labor.

Civil Society

Effects of Globalization, is the increasing influence and broadening scope of the global civilian society.

Strengthen the Power of the International Institutions

Effects of Globalization, is the strengthening power and influence of the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and World Bank (WB).

Improvement of International Trade

Effects of Globalization, •the number of countries where products can be sold or purchased has increased dramatically.

scapes

For anthropologist Arjun Appadurai, different kinds of globalization occur on multiple and intersecting dimensions of integration that he calls

Military Globalization

Forms of Globalization, is characterized by extensive as well as intensive networks of military force that operate internationally.

Criminal Globalization

Forms of Globalization, is the intercontinental spread of global crime and its impact on governments and individuals.

Political Globalization

Forms of Globalization, is the proliferation of international and regional organizations composed of states and the spread of non-state political actors.

Economic Globalization

Forms of Globalization, may be defined as the intercontinental exchange of products, services, and labor. Multinational corporations have been instrumental in globalization of both production and distribution networks.

Environmental Globalization

Forms of Globalization, refers to the interdependence of countries to work together to solve environmental problems.

Cultural Globalization

Forms of Globalization, refers to the spread of one culture across national borders

transnational production, capitalists, state

Global capitalism involves three planks

Roland Robertson

Globalization as a concept refers to both the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole. Quoted by

Manuel Castells

Globalization is a network of production, culture, and power that is constantly shaped by advances in technology, which range from communications technologies to genetic engineering. Globalization represents a new 'age ofinformation'

Anthony Giddens

Globalization is the intensification of worldwide social relations which links distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa. Quoted by

Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt

Globalization is transforming individual nation states into a system of diffused national and global institutions of power - in other words a new type of Empire - which raises the possibility for a "multitude" of people to fight it

David Held

Globalization may be thought of as a process ... which embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions ... generating transcontinental or interregional flows and networks of activity, interaction, and the exercise of power. Quoted by

Global Economy

Globalization of the production process itself, which breaks down and functionally integrates what were previously national circuits into new global circuits of production and accumulation

Modernisation theory

Globalization represents the triumph of a capitalist world economy tied together by a global division of labor

1959

Globalization was first used in

Kofi Annan

It has been said that arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity. Quoted by

political

One of 3 Levels of TNP, whose agent is a transnational capitalist class

cultural-ideological

One of 3 Levels of TNP, whose agent is cultural elites

economic

One of 3 Levels of TNP, whose agent is transnational capital

Calculability

One of the Four Main Dimensions of McDonaldization, Assessment of outcomes based on quantifiable rather than subjective criteria. In other words, quantity over quality. They sell the Big Mac, not the Good Mac

Efficiency

One of the Four Main Dimensions of McDonaldization, The optimum method of completing a task. The rational determination of the best mode of production. Individuality is not allowed

Predictability

One of the Four Main Dimensions of McDonaldization, The production process is organized to guarantee uniformity of product and standardized outcomes. All shopping malls begin to look the same and all highway exits have the same assortment of businesses

Control

One of the Four Main Dimensions of McDonaldization, The substitution of more predictable non-human labor for human labor, either through automation or the deskilling of the work force

Skeptics

Schema of Globalization, Globalization defined as internationalization and regionalization, driven by states and markets, results in regional blocs, state-controlled internationalization, possible clash of civilizations, and Nation-state power is reinforced or enhanced

Transformationalists

Schema of Globalization, Globalization defined as reordering of inter-regional relations and action at a distance, driven by combined forces of modernity, results in great global interconnectedness and the transformation of world political institutions, and Nation-state power is reconstituted or restructured

Hyper-globalist

Schema of Globalization, Globalization defined as reordering of the framework of human action, driven by capitalism and technology, results in a global civilization, a global free market economy, and Nation-state power is declining or eroding

People

The 5 P's of Sustainable Development, We are determined to end poverty and hunger, in all their forms and dimensions, and to ensure that all human beings can fulfil their potential in dignity and equality and in a healthy environment.

Prosperity

The 5 P's of Sustainable Development, We are determined to ensure that all human beings can enjoy prosperous and fulfilling lives and that economic, social and technological progress occurs in harmony with nature.

Peace

The 5 P's of Sustainable Development, We are determined to foster peaceful, just and inclusive societies which are free from fear and violence. There can be no sustainable development without peace and no peace without sustainable development.

Partnership

The 5 P's of Sustainable Development, We are determined to mobilize the means required to implement this Agenda through a revitalised Global Partnership for Sustainable Development, based on a spirit of strengthened global solidarity, focused in particular on the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable and with the participation of all countries, all stakeholders and all people.

Planet

The 5 P's of Sustainable Development, We are determined to protect the planet from degradation, including through sustainable consumption and production, sustainably managing its natural resources and taking urgent action on climate change, so that it can support the needs of the present and future generations.

The Core, Periphery, Semi-Periphery

The division of the world into three great regions, or geographically based and hierarchically organized tiers

1962

The noun appears in the Oxford English dictionary in

Basch et al

Theories of Transnationality and Transnationalism

globalized circuits

Transnational class formation takes place around these

Fourth wave

Waves of Globalization, from 1945 to 1980, was spurred by the retreat of nationalism and protectionism and the strengthening of internationalism and global cooperation, led by the United States. The removal of trade barriers was selective, but institutions - such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the General Agreement of Tariff and Trade (GATT) - were formed to encourage global trade and development.

First Wave

Waves of Globalization, is as old as human civilization. For more than five thousand years human beings from different places have interacted, mostly through trade, migration, and conquest.

Second Wave

Waves of Globalization, is closely associated with the Western European conquest of Asia, Latin America, and Africa and the spread of capitalism to these areas.

Third Wave

Waves of Globalization, which began around 1870 and declined around 1914, was marked by breakthroughs in technological development, the global production of primary commodities as well as manufactured products, and mass migration.

Fifth Wave

Waves of Globalization, which is the current period, is characterized by unprecedented interdependence among nations and the explosive growth of powerful actors.

Globalism

a conscious process of globalization or a set of policies designed specifically to effect greater global rather than international interactions.

Heterogeneity

approaches see continued cultural difference and highlight local cultural autonomy, cultural resistance to homogenization, cultural clashes and polarization, and distinct subjective experiences of globalization

Tariffs

are taxes on imported goods and services to make them expensive, and discourage purchases by residents, and protect local industries.

Transnational Capitalist Class

as the class group that manages these globalized circuits

Sovereignty

has been re-scaled from the level of the nation state to the level of the global

Americanization

depict specifically the way that American culture has been exported to all corners of the globe

Global village

describes the phenomenon of the world's culture shrinking and expanding at the same time due to pervasive technological advances that allow for instantaneous sharing of culture

The World-System Theory

developed out of attempt to explain the failure of certain states to develop

world-system

is a "multicultural territorial division of labor in which the production and exchange of basic goods and raw materials is necessary for the everyday life of its inhabitants

Quota

is a government-imposed trade restriction that limits the number or monetary value of goods that a country can import or export during a particular period.

Transnational State

is a loose network comprised of supranational political and economic institutions together with national state apparatuses that have been penetrated and transformed by transnational forces. National states as components of a larger TNS structure now tend to serve the interests of global over national accumulation processes. The supranational organizations are staffed by transnational functionaries who find their counterparts in transnational functionaries who staff transformed national states

Network Society

is a society whose social structure is made of networks powered by microelectronics-based information and communication technologies

Negative integration

is the breaking down of trade barriers or protective barriers such as tariffs and quotas.

Globality

is the end-state of globalization - a hypothetical condition in which the process of globalization is complete or nearly so, barriers have fallen, and "a new global reality" is emerging.

Homogenization

is the name given to the process whereby globalization causes one culture to consume another

Globalization

is the system of interaction among the countries of the world in order to develop the global economy. It refers to the integration of economies and societies all over the world. . It involves technological, economic, political, and cultural exchanges made possible largely by advances in communication, transportation, and infrastructure. Is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology.

Glocalization

means that ideas about home, locality and community have been extensively spread around the world in recent years, so that the local has been globalized, and the stress upon the significance of the local or the communal can be viewed as one ingredient of the overall globalization process

The Transnational Practices

practices that cross-state boundaries but do not originate with state agencies or actors

Supranationalism

refers to a large amount of power given to an authority which in theory is placed higher than the state

Informationalism

refers to a technological paradigm that replaces and subsumes the previous paradigm of industrialism

Transnationalism

refers to multiple ties and interactions linking people or institutions across the borders of nation states

Transnationality

refers to the rise of new communities and the formation of new social identities and relations that cannot be defined through the traditional reference point of nation-states.

Hybridization

stresses new and constantly evolving cultural forms and identities produced by manifold transnational processes and the fusion of distinct cultural processes

Time-space Distanciation

the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa

McDonaldization

the process whereby the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society and the world

Time-space Compression

the process whereby time is reorganized in such a way as to reduce the constraints of space, and vice-versa

paradigm

three decades passed before GLOBALIZATION was developed in social sciences as a

Global City

world-class city

Positive integration

•aims at standardizing international economic laws and policies