GE-4 Prelim
epochal shift
has taken place with the transition from a world economy to a global economy
Immanuel Wallerstein
"GLOBALIZATION" refers to some assertedly new, chronologically recent, process in which states are said to be no longer primary units of decision-making, but are now, only now, finding themselves located in a structure in which something called the "world market," a somewhat mystical and surely reified entity, dictates the rule."
New economy
- informational, knowledge-based; - global, in that production is organized on a global scale; and -networked, in that productivity is generated through global networks of interaction.
Arjun Appadurai
An Anthropologists said that different kinds of globalization occur on multiple and intersecting dimensions of integration that he calls scapes.
William Robinson
Conceptualized Global Capitalism
Saskia Sassen
Conceptualized Global City
Roland Robertson
Conceptualized Glocalization
George Ritzer
Conceptualized The Four Main Dimensions of McDonaldization
Marshall McLuhan
Conceptualized The Global Village
Leslie Sklair
Conceptualized The Transnational Practices
Anthony Giddens
Conceptualized Time-space Distanciation
Tomlinson Nederveen Pieterse
Conceptualized the Theories of Global Culture
Financescape
Different kinds of Globalization based by Arjun Appadurai, denotes the global circulation of money
Mediascape
Different kinds of Globalization based by Arjun Appadurai, is about the flow of culture
Ideoscape
Different kinds of Globalization based by Arjun Appadurai, is the realm where political ideas move around.
Technoscape
Different kinds of Globalization based by Arjun Appadurai, refers to the circulation of mechanical goods and software
Ethnoscape
Different kinds of Globalization based by Arjun Appadurai, refers to the global movement of people
World Economy
Each country developed a national economy that was linked to others through trade and finances in an integrated international market
Increasing Influence of Multinational Companies
Effects of Globalization, A company that has subsidiaries in various countries is called a multinational. Often, the head office is found in the country where the company was established.
Technological Progress
Effects of Globalization, Because of the need to compete and be competitive globally, governments have upgraded their level of technology.
Greater Outsourcing of Business Processes to Other Countries.
Effects of Globalization, China, India, and the Philippines are tremendously benefiting from this trend of global business outsourcing. Global companies in the US and Europe take advantage of the cheaper labor and highly-skilled workers that countries like India and the Philippines can offer
Greater Mobility of Human Resources across Countries
Effects of Globalization, allows countries to source their manpower in countries with cheap labor.
Civil Society
Effects of Globalization, is the increasing influence and broadening scope of the global civilian society.
Strengthen the Power of the International Institutions
Effects of Globalization, is the strengthening power and influence of the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and World Bank (WB).
Improvement of International Trade
Effects of Globalization, •the number of countries where products can be sold or purchased has increased dramatically.
scapes
For anthropologist Arjun Appadurai, different kinds of globalization occur on multiple and intersecting dimensions of integration that he calls
Military Globalization
Forms of Globalization, is characterized by extensive as well as intensive networks of military force that operate internationally.
Criminal Globalization
Forms of Globalization, is the intercontinental spread of global crime and its impact on governments and individuals.
Political Globalization
Forms of Globalization, is the proliferation of international and regional organizations composed of states and the spread of non-state political actors.
Economic Globalization
Forms of Globalization, may be defined as the intercontinental exchange of products, services, and labor. Multinational corporations have been instrumental in globalization of both production and distribution networks.
Environmental Globalization
Forms of Globalization, refers to the interdependence of countries to work together to solve environmental problems.
Cultural Globalization
Forms of Globalization, refers to the spread of one culture across national borders
transnational production, capitalists, state
Global capitalism involves three planks
Roland Robertson
Globalization as a concept refers to both the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole. Quoted by
Manuel Castells
Globalization is a network of production, culture, and power that is constantly shaped by advances in technology, which range from communications technologies to genetic engineering. Globalization represents a new 'age ofinformation'
Anthony Giddens
Globalization is the intensification of worldwide social relations which links distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa. Quoted by
Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt
Globalization is transforming individual nation states into a system of diffused national and global institutions of power - in other words a new type of Empire - which raises the possibility for a "multitude" of people to fight it
David Held
Globalization may be thought of as a process ... which embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions ... generating transcontinental or interregional flows and networks of activity, interaction, and the exercise of power. Quoted by
Global Economy
Globalization of the production process itself, which breaks down and functionally integrates what were previously national circuits into new global circuits of production and accumulation
Modernisation theory
Globalization represents the triumph of a capitalist world economy tied together by a global division of labor
1959
Globalization was first used in
Kofi Annan
It has been said that arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity. Quoted by
political
One of 3 Levels of TNP, whose agent is a transnational capitalist class
cultural-ideological
One of 3 Levels of TNP, whose agent is cultural elites
economic
One of 3 Levels of TNP, whose agent is transnational capital
Calculability
One of the Four Main Dimensions of McDonaldization, Assessment of outcomes based on quantifiable rather than subjective criteria. In other words, quantity over quality. They sell the Big Mac, not the Good Mac
Efficiency
One of the Four Main Dimensions of McDonaldization, The optimum method of completing a task. The rational determination of the best mode of production. Individuality is not allowed
Predictability
One of the Four Main Dimensions of McDonaldization, The production process is organized to guarantee uniformity of product and standardized outcomes. All shopping malls begin to look the same and all highway exits have the same assortment of businesses
Control
One of the Four Main Dimensions of McDonaldization, The substitution of more predictable non-human labor for human labor, either through automation or the deskilling of the work force
Skeptics
Schema of Globalization, Globalization defined as internationalization and regionalization, driven by states and markets, results in regional blocs, state-controlled internationalization, possible clash of civilizations, and Nation-state power is reinforced or enhanced
Transformationalists
Schema of Globalization, Globalization defined as reordering of inter-regional relations and action at a distance, driven by combined forces of modernity, results in great global interconnectedness and the transformation of world political institutions, and Nation-state power is reconstituted or restructured
Hyper-globalist
Schema of Globalization, Globalization defined as reordering of the framework of human action, driven by capitalism and technology, results in a global civilization, a global free market economy, and Nation-state power is declining or eroding
People
The 5 P's of Sustainable Development, We are determined to end poverty and hunger, in all their forms and dimensions, and to ensure that all human beings can fulfil their potential in dignity and equality and in a healthy environment.
Prosperity
The 5 P's of Sustainable Development, We are determined to ensure that all human beings can enjoy prosperous and fulfilling lives and that economic, social and technological progress occurs in harmony with nature.
Peace
The 5 P's of Sustainable Development, We are determined to foster peaceful, just and inclusive societies which are free from fear and violence. There can be no sustainable development without peace and no peace without sustainable development.
Partnership
The 5 P's of Sustainable Development, We are determined to mobilize the means required to implement this Agenda through a revitalised Global Partnership for Sustainable Development, based on a spirit of strengthened global solidarity, focused in particular on the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable and with the participation of all countries, all stakeholders and all people.
Planet
The 5 P's of Sustainable Development, We are determined to protect the planet from degradation, including through sustainable consumption and production, sustainably managing its natural resources and taking urgent action on climate change, so that it can support the needs of the present and future generations.
The Core, Periphery, Semi-Periphery
The division of the world into three great regions, or geographically based and hierarchically organized tiers
1962
The noun appears in the Oxford English dictionary in
Basch et al
Theories of Transnationality and Transnationalism
globalized circuits
Transnational class formation takes place around these
Fourth wave
Waves of Globalization, from 1945 to 1980, was spurred by the retreat of nationalism and protectionism and the strengthening of internationalism and global cooperation, led by the United States. The removal of trade barriers was selective, but institutions - such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the General Agreement of Tariff and Trade (GATT) - were formed to encourage global trade and development.
First Wave
Waves of Globalization, is as old as human civilization. For more than five thousand years human beings from different places have interacted, mostly through trade, migration, and conquest.
Second Wave
Waves of Globalization, is closely associated with the Western European conquest of Asia, Latin America, and Africa and the spread of capitalism to these areas.
Third Wave
Waves of Globalization, which began around 1870 and declined around 1914, was marked by breakthroughs in technological development, the global production of primary commodities as well as manufactured products, and mass migration.
Fifth Wave
Waves of Globalization, which is the current period, is characterized by unprecedented interdependence among nations and the explosive growth of powerful actors.
Globalism
a conscious process of globalization or a set of policies designed specifically to effect greater global rather than international interactions.
Heterogeneity
approaches see continued cultural difference and highlight local cultural autonomy, cultural resistance to homogenization, cultural clashes and polarization, and distinct subjective experiences of globalization
Tariffs
are taxes on imported goods and services to make them expensive, and discourage purchases by residents, and protect local industries.
Transnational Capitalist Class
as the class group that manages these globalized circuits
Sovereignty
has been re-scaled from the level of the nation state to the level of the global
Americanization
depict specifically the way that American culture has been exported to all corners of the globe
Global village
describes the phenomenon of the world's culture shrinking and expanding at the same time due to pervasive technological advances that allow for instantaneous sharing of culture
The World-System Theory
developed out of attempt to explain the failure of certain states to develop
world-system
is a "multicultural territorial division of labor in which the production and exchange of basic goods and raw materials is necessary for the everyday life of its inhabitants
Quota
is a government-imposed trade restriction that limits the number or monetary value of goods that a country can import or export during a particular period.
Transnational State
is a loose network comprised of supranational political and economic institutions together with national state apparatuses that have been penetrated and transformed by transnational forces. National states as components of a larger TNS structure now tend to serve the interests of global over national accumulation processes. The supranational organizations are staffed by transnational functionaries who find their counterparts in transnational functionaries who staff transformed national states
Network Society
is a society whose social structure is made of networks powered by microelectronics-based information and communication technologies
Negative integration
is the breaking down of trade barriers or protective barriers such as tariffs and quotas.
Globality
is the end-state of globalization - a hypothetical condition in which the process of globalization is complete or nearly so, barriers have fallen, and "a new global reality" is emerging.
Homogenization
is the name given to the process whereby globalization causes one culture to consume another
Globalization
is the system of interaction among the countries of the world in order to develop the global economy. It refers to the integration of economies and societies all over the world. . It involves technological, economic, political, and cultural exchanges made possible largely by advances in communication, transportation, and infrastructure. Is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology.
Glocalization
means that ideas about home, locality and community have been extensively spread around the world in recent years, so that the local has been globalized, and the stress upon the significance of the local or the communal can be viewed as one ingredient of the overall globalization process
The Transnational Practices
practices that cross-state boundaries but do not originate with state agencies or actors
Supranationalism
refers to a large amount of power given to an authority which in theory is placed higher than the state
Informationalism
refers to a technological paradigm that replaces and subsumes the previous paradigm of industrialism
Transnationalism
refers to multiple ties and interactions linking people or institutions across the borders of nation states
Transnationality
refers to the rise of new communities and the formation of new social identities and relations that cannot be defined through the traditional reference point of nation-states.
Hybridization
stresses new and constantly evolving cultural forms and identities produced by manifold transnational processes and the fusion of distinct cultural processes
Time-space Distanciation
the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa
McDonaldization
the process whereby the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society and the world
Time-space Compression
the process whereby time is reorganized in such a way as to reduce the constraints of space, and vice-versa
paradigm
three decades passed before GLOBALIZATION was developed in social sciences as a
Global City
world-class city
Positive integration
•aims at standardizing international economic laws and policies