gen 151 test 2

monozygotic twins

(literally, "one-egg" twins) those who develop from the same fertilized egg

PET or fMRI records the activity of various brain areas during a task. Before we can draw conclusions about those brain areas, what other information do we need?

recordings from the same areas during a comparison task

findings in epigenetics imply about the concept of heritability

The effects of heredity depend on the environment.

Why do you have better color vision in the fovea than in the periphery of the retina

The fovea has the highest density of cones which give us color vision

Damage to a small area in the brain

loss of your circadian rhythm of wakefulness and sleepiness

why we don't act out our dreams

major postural muscles are paralyzed during REM sleep

opponent-process theory of color vision

negative colors, we have linked pairs

how does vision differ among different animals

Many birds and insects see ultraviolet radiation that we do not see

detect a stimulus that is slightly weaker than the absolute sensory threshold

1/2 the time

decrease the effects of Ritalin

AMPT, which blocks production of dopamine

idea of monism

Brain damage causes people to lose part of their mental abilitie

Split-brain

Feel something with the left hand and then describe it in words.

hallucinogens

Hallucinogens induce sensory distortions. LSD acts at one type of serotonin synapse. MDMA produces stimulant effects at low doses and hallucinogenic effects at higher doses.

how does extra oxytocin affect

It increases his love toward the woman he already loved

AMPT blocks dopamine production

It would decrease the effects of cocaine, amphetamine, and Ritalin

Sleepwalking, lucid dreaming, and waking up unable to move illustrate which idea?

Sometimes one brain area is awake while another is asleep

threshold stimulus

The minimal strength required to cause a contraction

briefly flash a word and then present a masking pattern, what is the purpose of the masking pattern?

To prevent consciousness of the word

brain activity preparing for a movement starts before the conscious decision to make the movement. Why is the interpretation of results uncertain?

Voluntary decisions are gradual and difficult to pinpoint in time.

babies gripping hands

We inherited this behavior from monkey-like ancestors.

evolutionary psychologist

What advantages do certain genes and certain behaviors produce

nervous system conveys impulses by action potentials instead of electrical conduction causes

You are aware of events in your body slightly after they happen

nerves are large bundles of axons

axons are nerve fibers

Synesthesia

describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")

narcotics

drugs that produce drowsiness, insensitivity to pain, and decreased responsiveness

opiates

either natural drugs derived from the opium poppy, or synthetic drugs with a chemical structure resembling natural opiates

Gestalt psychology emphasize

how we perceive a complex pattern as a whole

Stroboscopic movement

illusion of motion that occurs when a stationary object is first seen briefly in one location and, following a short interval, is seen in another location.

henylketonuria (PKU)

inherited condition that, if untreated, leads to mental retardation

people unconscious most of the time while they are asleep

inhibitory synapses block the spread of messages from one brain area to another

anxiolytics. Benzodiazepines, widely used to relieve anxiety, can also relax muscles and promote sleep. Anxiolytics and alcohol act by facilitating inhibitors synapse

nxiolytics. Benzodiazepines, widely used to relieve anxiety, can also relax muscles and promote sleep. Anxiolytics and alcohol act by facilitating inhib synapse

glia cell

provide structure and growth release chems for neurons growth assist w insulation

x

sex chromosome; females have two per cell and males have one

Y

sex chromosome; males have one per cell

Vision in the periphery

side vision done by rods, more likely to be color blind.

stimulants- amphetamines coke

stimulant drugs such as amphetamines and cocaine increase activity levels and pleasure by increasing the release, and decreasing reuptake, of dopamine and certain other neurotransmitters. Compared to other forms of cocaine, crack enters the brain faster and therefore produces more intense effects

stimulants

stimulants drugs That Boost Energy, Heighten Alertness, Increase Activity, and Produce a Pleasant Feeling

inhibitory synapse

synapse at which a neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to stop firing

multiplier effect

tendency for a small initial advantage in some behavior, possibly genetic in origin, to lead to experiences that magnify the advantage

the nervous system

the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body. New neurons can form in certain areas of the adult brain

signal-detection theory

the response to a stimulus depends both on a person's sensitivity to the stimulus and your willingness to be wrong

The vestibular sense

the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance

Why does all light have a wavelength between about 400 and 700 nm?.

this is the wavelengths that stimulater our receptors

dizygotic twins

those who share only half their genes because they developed from two eggs