gen 151 test 2
monozygotic twins
(literally, "one-egg" twins) those who develop from the same fertilized egg
PET or fMRI records the activity of various brain areas during a task. Before we can draw conclusions about those brain areas, what other information do we need?
recordings from the same areas during a comparison task
findings in epigenetics imply about the concept of heritability
The effects of heredity depend on the environment.
Why do you have better color vision in the fovea than in the periphery of the retina
The fovea has the highest density of cones which give us color vision
Damage to a small area in the brain
loss of your circadian rhythm of wakefulness and sleepiness
why we don't act out our dreams
major postural muscles are paralyzed during REM sleep
opponent-process theory of color vision
negative colors, we have linked pairs
how does vision differ among different animals
Many birds and insects see ultraviolet radiation that we do not see
detect a stimulus that is slightly weaker than the absolute sensory threshold
1/2 the time
decrease the effects of Ritalin
AMPT, which blocks production of dopamine
idea of monism
Brain damage causes people to lose part of their mental abilitie
Split-brain
Feel something with the left hand and then describe it in words.
hallucinogens
Hallucinogens induce sensory distortions. LSD acts at one type of serotonin synapse. MDMA produces stimulant effects at low doses and hallucinogenic effects at higher doses.
how does extra oxytocin affect
It increases his love toward the woman he already loved
AMPT blocks dopamine production
It would decrease the effects of cocaine, amphetamine, and Ritalin
Sleepwalking, lucid dreaming, and waking up unable to move illustrate which idea?
Sometimes one brain area is awake while another is asleep
threshold stimulus
The minimal strength required to cause a contraction
briefly flash a word and then present a masking pattern, what is the purpose of the masking pattern?
To prevent consciousness of the word
brain activity preparing for a movement starts before the conscious decision to make the movement. Why is the interpretation of results uncertain?
Voluntary decisions are gradual and difficult to pinpoint in time.
babies gripping hands
We inherited this behavior from monkey-like ancestors.
evolutionary psychologist
What advantages do certain genes and certain behaviors produce
nervous system conveys impulses by action potentials instead of electrical conduction causes
You are aware of events in your body slightly after they happen
nerves are large bundles of axons
axons are nerve fibers
Synesthesia
describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")
narcotics
drugs that produce drowsiness, insensitivity to pain, and decreased responsiveness
opiates
either natural drugs derived from the opium poppy, or synthetic drugs with a chemical structure resembling natural opiates
Gestalt psychology emphasize
how we perceive a complex pattern as a whole
Stroboscopic movement
illusion of motion that occurs when a stationary object is first seen briefly in one location and, following a short interval, is seen in another location.
henylketonuria (PKU)
inherited condition that, if untreated, leads to mental retardation
people unconscious most of the time while they are asleep
inhibitory synapses block the spread of messages from one brain area to another
anxiolytics. Benzodiazepines, widely used to relieve anxiety, can also relax muscles and promote sleep. Anxiolytics and alcohol act by facilitating inhibitors synapse
nxiolytics. Benzodiazepines, widely used to relieve anxiety, can also relax muscles and promote sleep. Anxiolytics and alcohol act by facilitating inhib synapse
glia cell
provide structure and growth release chems for neurons growth assist w insulation
x
sex chromosome; females have two per cell and males have one
Y
sex chromosome; males have one per cell
Vision in the periphery
side vision done by rods, more likely to be color blind.
stimulants- amphetamines coke
stimulant drugs such as amphetamines and cocaine increase activity levels and pleasure by increasing the release, and decreasing reuptake, of dopamine and certain other neurotransmitters. Compared to other forms of cocaine, crack enters the brain faster and therefore produces more intense effects
stimulants
stimulants drugs That Boost Energy, Heighten Alertness, Increase Activity, and Produce a Pleasant Feeling
inhibitory synapse
synapse at which a neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to stop firing
multiplier effect
tendency for a small initial advantage in some behavior, possibly genetic in origin, to lead to experiences that magnify the advantage
the nervous system
the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body. New neurons can form in certain areas of the adult brain
signal-detection theory
the response to a stimulus depends both on a person's sensitivity to the stimulus and your willingness to be wrong
The vestibular sense
the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance
Why does all light have a wavelength between about 400 and 700 nm?.
this is the wavelengths that stimulater our receptors
dizygotic twins
those who share only half their genes because they developed from two eggs