Gen. Psych. Ch.3 Vocab

Artists use the trick of ______ to give the illusion of depth in a painting

texture gradient

________ is the name for the annoying ringing in one's ears.

Tinnitus

______ states that the smallest difference between two stimuli that is detectable 50 percent oft he time is always a constant

Weber's law

_____ are just beneath the skin and respond to pressure

pacinian corpuscles

which of the following is TRUE about color deficient vision

problems involving one set of cones can be an inherited recessive trait

research involving illusions

provides valuable information about how the sensory receptors and sense organs work

The tendency to interpret an object as always being the same size regardless of its distance from the viewer is

size constancy

the ________ controls the size of the pupil

iris

If you are experiencing habituation

...

Which of the following statements related to culture and perception is TRUE?

Culture can affect visual perception

the _______ illusion tends to occur more in societies with lots of buildings that have straight lines and corners

Muller-Lyer

_____ is due to the lack of functioning red cones

Protanopia

The linear perspective is an example of

a monocular cue

the sense of pain can be diminished by

a sense of control

______ is also called a muscular cue

accomodation

Which pictoral depth cue causes distant objects, such as mountains, to appear hazier than nearby objects?

aerial perspective

the most common cause of conduction hearing impairment is

an infection

People with extremely high numbers of taste buds

are called supertasters

the sense of smell is a _____ sense

chemical

the tiny, hairlike cells that project into the nasal cavity are known as

cilia

Nerve hearing impairment can be helped with the use of

cochlear implants

closure is the tendency to

complete figures that are incomplete

In Gestalt theories, the principle of closure refers to the tendency to

complete incomplete figures

it is the combination of ______ and the rate at which they are firing that determine the color that is seen

cones

________ is the tendency to perceive two things that happen close together in time as being related

contiguity

______ can inhibit transmission of pain signals in the brain

endorphins

the body's reaction to dizziness with nausea is

evolutionarily adaptive

In opponent-process theory, there are ______ primary colors

four

_______ is the way the brain deals with unchanging information from the environment

habituation

People who have difficulty with their hearing are said to be either totally or partially

hearing impaired

When someone is viewing an afterimage, it appears

in all the wrong colors

depth perception seems to develop

in early infancy

Red, yellow, and blue are the primary colors

in painting

Which of the following is TRUE about the lens?

it changes shape to bring objects into focus

Which of the following is TRUE about the Necker Cube?

it has conflicting sets of depth cues

The tendency for line that are actually parallel to seem to converge, as when you look down a long interstate highway, is

linear perspective

the bass tones rattling the windows of the car next to you at a red light are at

low pitch

According to the text, _____ have greater odds of having color-deficient vision than _______.

males; females

Which of the following statements best explains how the sense of taste works

molecules of food fit into receptors on taste beds, and neural signals are fired to the brain

The vestibular senses are concerned with

movement and body position

sensory information related to smell is processed in the

olfactory bulbs

a highly saturated red color would contain ________ wavelengths

only red

The _______ contains the receptor cells for the sense of hearing

organ of Corti

when you smell an odor, which aspect of the substance you are smelling actually enters your nose to create the sensation of smell?

particles of the substance itself

One's tendency to perceive things in a certain way because of previous experience or expectation is called

perceptual set

What portion of the ear serves as a funnel for sound from the outside world?

pinna

what sensory receptors are triggered by chemical substances?

receptors for taste and smell

Long wavelengths are at the _____ end of the visible spectrum, whereas short wavelengths are at the _____ end.

red; blue

which part of the eye receives sensory signals and relays that information to the brain?

retina

Terry stepped on a nail while walking around barefoot in her yard one week ago. The spot where the skin was punctured still hurts, reminding her to take it easy on her foot. The soreness Terry is experiencing is known as ______ pain

somatic

Brightness is determined by

the amplitude of the wave

when you close your eyes and raise your hand above your head, you know here your hand is because of

the kinesthetic sense

sound waves and light waves share

the properties of wavelength, amplitude, and purity

Which of the following is TRUE about pictorial depth cues?

the require visual cues from only one eye

Which of the following is TRUE about the otolith organs?

they are found just above the cochlea

which of the following is TRUE about rods?

they are responsible for peripheral vision

if you stare at something for a long time, it does not disappear because

tiny movements of the eyes keep them from adapting to what they see

The process of converting outside stimuli into neural activity is called

transduction

Lindemann proposed that the most recent taste to be identified should be called

umami

_____ sense is the body process that is mostly to blame if you become dizy after a long ride on a carousel

vestibular

_______ pain is detected in the organs

visceral

amplitude is interpreted as

volume

According to gate-control theory

when the spinal gates open farther there is a greater experince of pain

In studies of pain, research has shown that

women feel pain more intensely than men