General Chairside Board Review- Full set
135. How many wedges would be needed for each of the following and where would it be placed?
#16-DO = none bc there's no tooth distal to tooth 16 #14-DO = one, distal of tooth 14 #15-MOD = two, mesial & distal of tooth 15 #30-O = none bc no proximal spaces #17-MO = one, mesial of tooth 17
89. What are the drug categories?
(1) Analgesics (2) Antibiotics (3) Anti-cholinergic (4) Anticoagulant (5) Anti-convulsant (6) Anti-diabetic (7) Antidepressant (8) Anti-fungal (9) Antihistamine (10) Anti-hypertensive (11) Anti-inflammatory (12) Antilipemic/ statins (13) Anti-thyroid (14) Bronchodilator (15) Contraceptive (16) Decongestant (17) Diuretic (18) Hemostatic (19) Hormone Replacement (20) MAOIs (21) Nitrates (22) Tranquilizer/ anti-anxiety
29. Which hand is used to transfer instruments to a right/left handed dentist?
(R) handed dentist you transfer instruments with your left hand. (L) handed dentist you transfer with your right hand.
28. What are the zones of activity?
(R) handed dentistry: Static zone - 12 to 2 o'clock Assistant zone - 2 to 4 o'clock Transfer zone - 4 to 7 o'clock Operators zone - 7 to 12 o'clock (L) handed dentistry: Operators zone - 12 to 5 o'clock Transfer zone - 5 to 8 o'clock Assistant zone - 8 to 10 o'clock Static zone - 10 to 12 o'clock
32. State the classifications of motion economy?
- Class 1: involves only finger movement - Class 2: involves movement of the fingers and wrist - Class 3: involves movement of the fingers, wrist, and elbow - Class 4: involves movement of the entire arm and shoulder - Class 5: involves movement of the arm and twisting of the body
202. What is the technique for mixing gypsum?
- Incorporating the water (important step) - Use a flexible bowl and a stiff spatula (allows the operator to stir the viscous material and press against the sides of the bowl to eliminate air bubbles) - Avoid whipping the powder and water together, because doing so adds air to the mixture - Mix to a creamy, putty like consistency; a grainy mixture will not pour into the impression - The incorporating and spatulating procedure should take about 1 minute; over spatulating causes a breakdown of crystals and soft spots in the model (p.935)
239. How should you handle a patient that is having a seizure?
- place patient in supine position - remove any objects that may cause injury - loosen tight clothing and glasses - don't remove anything from the mouth - gently restrain patient - once consciousness is regained, turn patient on their side to avoid aspiration of any secretions - be supportive as they might be embarrassed and confused - don't give them anything the eat or drink - allow them to recover before leaving and have a family member or friend take them home - if the seizure lasts longer than 5 mins, call 911 - oxygen may be given after the patient regains consciousness (5/6 L/m)
100. What are the different types of implants?
- subperiosteal implant - endosteal implant - mini dental implant (MDI) - transosteal implant (see chapter 26 for descriptions)
193. What is the etiology of periodontal disease?
-Local irritants such as bacterial plaque and calculus -Poor oral hygiene-Improper nutrition -Malocclusion -Bruxism -Systemic factors, including hormonal imbalances, hereditary predisposition, and certain diseases and medications (p. 725)
49. Explain over-mixed, under-mixed, and normally mixed amalgam?
-Over mixed: soupy -Under mixed: Crumbly, dry -Normally mixed: homogeneous, uniform
196. What is the advantage of composite as a restorative material?
-Resistance to fracturing -Improving occlusion wear -Good esthetics for matching the tooth structure (p.902)
60. What is the amount of fluoride found in the public water supply and what is the "normal"?
.7 mg/l
6. What is the highest concentration of epinephrine?
1:20,000
101. What gauge needle is used for each injection?
25-gauge needle is recommended for all injections, but it is strongly recommended for all injections with a high risk of positive aspiration and/or with a significant depth of penetration. 27-gauge needle is recommended for injections where depth of penetration and risk of positive aspiration are minimal. 30-gauge needle is not recommended for dental use any longer but it can be useful for localized infiltration
217. Which vitamins are fat soluble?
A, D, E, and K
177. How would a decrease in powder to liquid ratio effect the strength of dental cements?
A decrease in powder to liquid ratio will decrease strength of dental cement
70. How are drug categories determined?
A drug can be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by how it's used to treat a particular condition.
4. What are the uses of gingival retraction cord?
A gingival retraction cord is used to ensure that an impression with clear margins can be obtained.
185. When is it necessary to use a high-strength base?
A high strength base provides thermal insulation and mechanical support. High strength base provides protection of metallic restorations. High strength bases include glass ionomers, hybrid ionomers, reinforced ZOE, zinc phosphate, and polycarboxylate. (p.886)
40. What information is found in the patient's clinical, dental and medical record?
A patient's record/chart is a complete record of a patient's key clinical data and medical history, such as demographics, vital signs, diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, progress notes, problems, immunization dates, allergies, radiology images, and laboratory and test results
47. What should properly mixed polysulfide look like?
A uniform color without streaks, homogenous
154. What impression materials are used to take impressions for fixed and removable prosth?
Alginate
170. Which impression material is least dimensionally stable?
Alginate
152. What materials are used to fabricate fixed prosthetics?
Alginate impression, stone, wax (p788)
246. What is alveolitis and how is it treated?
Alveolitis is other words called DRY SOCKET. Treatment includes gently rinsing the socket with saline solution to remove debris, then packet the socket with a iodoform gauze soak with liquid eugenol, or a eugenol paste, then is checked and replaced every two day as needed.
203. What are acrylics used for?
Acrylics can be used to make custom trays, dentures, and temporary crowns or restorations. (p. 956)
17. What is ANUG?
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. The symptoms include painful bleeding gums, and ulceration of the interdental papillae. This is frequent in patients who smoke and those who are under stress.
112. What impression material is used to take impressions for study models, and what material is used to pour the impressions?
Alginate impressions are taken for study models. To pour impressions either, Gypsum: Type I impression plaster; Type II model or lab plaster; Orthodontic stone/combo of Type II; Type III lab stone; Type IV die stone; or Type V high strength, high expansion die stone are used.
161. What is the advantages/disadvantages of lab/in office denture reline?
Advantage- saves time and allows the patient to never be without removable. Disadvantage- removable could only be temporary depending on materials used.
86. Explain a properly placed maxillary/mandibular alginate impressions. What needs to be covered?
All teeth in each arch. 2-3 mm beyond the lay molar area and below both the lingual and facial tooth surfaces. The frenums.
128. What post operative instructions are given following topical fluoride treatment?
Allow varnish to remain on teeth for at least several hours/overnight; resume brushing following morning; eat soft foods, cool liquids for at least 4 hours
172. What might occur if amalgam is contaminated by moisture during mixing or placement?
Amalgam might expand when contaminated by moisture during mixing or placing
227. What group of drugs are used to treat allergic reactions?
Antihistamines, decongestants, combination drugs, corticosteroids, and others.
218. Which vitamins are water soluble?
B & C
66. Be able to distinguish a treat set up for amalgam, composite, suture removal, rubber dam, endo, ortho, perio, PIT, cementation, and a basic tray set up.
BE ABLE TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN TRAY SET UPS
251. What is a backorder?
Backorder is an item ordered that is not currently in stock at the supply house that will be sent on a later date.
211. What tooth brushing technique is used for? Removal of plaque next to and directly beneath the gingival margin, stimulation of the marginal and interdental directly beneath the gingival margin, stimulation of the marginal and interdental gingival, and good overall cleaning, plaque removal and stimulation of the gingival?
Bass technique
209. How does the use of tobacco affect oral health?
Both smoking and chewing tobacco are causative factors in tooth staining, periodontal disease, and halitosis. Chewing tobacco adds a high risk for oral cancer (p.323).
63. State the artery used to obtain a blood pressure.
Brachial Artery
68. What is the most common way of contracting hepatitis C from a patient?
By being stuck with an instrument or needle that has been in contact with an infected person.
183. What cavity medication stimulates the formation of secondary dentin?
Calcium hydroxide stimulates the formation of secondary dentin. (p. 147)
207. What is the etiology of dental caries?
Cavities, also called tooth decay or caries, are caused by a combination of factors, including bacteria in your mouth, plaque, frequent snacking, sipping sugary drinks and not cleaning your teeth well.
189. Where are cavity liners placed?
Cavity liners are placed in the deepest portion of the cavity preparation on the axial walls or pulpal walls. (p.886)
54. What type clamp is used for a Class V restoration?
Cervical clamps are used on Class V restorations
21. When would you not use a fluoride rinse?
Children under 6 years of age should not use fluoride rinses or mouthwashes because they may accidentally swallow them
39. What are the cavity classifications?
Class I: Cavity in pits or fissures on the occlusal surfaces of molars and premolars; facial and lingual surfaces of molars; lingual surfaces of maxillary incisors (Class I corresponds to surfaces of a posterior tooth you can clinically see—occlusal/lingual/buccal surfaces. Therefore, the interproximal surfaces are not classified as Class I) Class II: Cavity on proximal surfaces of premolars and molars (Class II corresponds to surfaces of a posterior tooth you cannot see clinically) Class III: Cavity on proximal surfaces of incisors and canines that do not involve the incisal angle (Class III corresponds to surfaces of an anterior tooth you cannot see clinically) Class IV: Cavity on proximal surfaces of incisors or canines that involve the incisal angle (Class IV lesion is the larger version of Class III that covers the incisal angle) Class V: Cavity on the cervical third of the facial or lingual surfaces of any tooth (Think of the neck of the tooth) Class VI: Cavity on incisal edges of anterior teeth and cusp tips of posterior teeth (Class VI corresponds to the very top surface of a tooth)
212. Why is it necessary to floss teeth daily?
Cleaning between teeth removes plaque that can lead to cavities or gum disease from the areas where a toothbrush can't reach.
256. What can be done to prevent lawsuits against dental personnel?
Communication with the patient, following up after missed appointments, and limiting their scope of practice.
12. What are the parts of the TMJ?
Composed of 3 parts: The glenoid fossa of the temporal bone The articular eminence of the temporal bone The condyloid process of the mandible
180. How are composites polymerized?
Composites are polymerized by being light cured, self-cured (also called chemical cure) , or dual cured. (p. 900). Chemically cured materials consist of catalyst and base, when the two aremixed, they chemically react to polymerize in about 1 minute. Light-cured are single component systems that are activated by a curing light (p. 717)
178. How are composites supplied?
Composites are supplied in syringes or single application cartridges (compules)
34. How should copalite varnish be applied?
Copalite varnish is applied under gold or amalgam restorations. It should be applied in a dry cavity prep in thin layer with a micro brush or cotton pellet. Air dry first layer and reapply. Dry again and once you see a shiny hard surface it is ready to receive the restoration.
147. What instruments are necessary to fit a preformed stainless steel crown?
Crown & collar scissors, Contouring & crimping pliers
84. The usual fee charged for dental treatment is also known as?
Customary fee
117. In which hand does the dental asst. hold the air water syringe and HVE when working for a right-handed dentist?
DA holds air water syringe w/ right hand and the HVE is held in left hand when working w/ right-handed dentist.
72. When is dental floss used?
Dental floss is used before brushing and after prophy to reach interproximal space, also after a restoration is placed to check for overhang, dental floss can also be used to remove excess cement.
262. What is a Diagnodent and how is it used?
Diagnodent is a class II laser that measures fluorescence levels in the tooth structure to qualify caries progression. It is used to chart readings and monitor overtime, initiate prophylactic treatment and monitor the success/results, restore and check for residential caries, used by hygienists to detect suspicious areas requiring further exams, and provide accurate visual and audio representation of measured tooth structure. Laser units also emit audio signals which allow dentist to hear as well as to see display changes.
113. Explain the difference between diastolic and systolic pressure.
Diastolic pressure - Created as the arteries return to their original state when the heart relaxes between contractions. Systolic pressure - Created when the heart contracts and forces blood through the arteries.
109. State the medications used for a direct and indirect pulp cap.
Direct pulp capping uses calcium hydroxide or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Indirect pulp capping uses calcium hydroxide, MTA, glass ionomer cement, zinc oxide/eugenol, calcium silicate.
198. What systemic diseases may interfere with normal healing?
Diseases such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, may interfere with the healing process.
133. What must be done after a rubber dam is removed?
Examine the dam material by spreading the dental dam material out flat and examining to make certain that all the interseptal material is present; if not, floss the teeth; massage gingiva around the anchor tooth to increase circulation of the area; rinse and evacuate mouth.
64. What is the difference between expendable/non-expendable items?
Expendable items can be thrown out after use. Non Expendable items have to be cleaned for reuse.
151. Define surgical procedures associated with RCT. (p581, 584)
Endodontic retreatment: performance of another RCT Pulpectomy: removal of all pulpal tissues beginning in coronal portion of tooth and termination 1-3mm short of apex in root canal of tooth Pulpotomy: removing pulp in coronal portion of tooth, leaving pulp in root canal intact and vital Apicoectomy: apex of root is surgically removed Apical curettage: diseased tissues are removed from area by scraping with a curette Root amputation: surgical removal of roots Hemisection: surgical removal of one root and overlying crown Apexification: treatment of root canal apex in a tooth that is necrotic Apexogenesis: treating pulp of young tooth with an open apex
75. When would internal whitening be needed?
Endodontically treated teeth
5. For which patient would you not use an epinephrine impregnated gingival retraction cord?
Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor which increases heartbeat (tachycardia). It is contradicted for patients with heart disease, diabetes, or hyperthyroidism.
222. What drug is used first to treat a patient having an anaphylactic reaction?
Epinephrine is the first and most important treatment for anaphylaxis, and it should be administered as soon as anaphylaxis is recognized to prevent the progression to life-threatening symptoms.
179. How are two past composites mixed?
Equal parts of base and catalyst mixed together
249. What are expendable/non-expendable supplies?
Expendable supplies are those that are disposable and used up quickly such as masks and gloves. Non-expendable supplies are those that are retained in the office for long periods of time such as the autoclave and the light-curing unit.
166. Describe the procedure for suture removal.
Explain procedure to patient, use cotton pliers with flat end parallel to the tissue, gently lift suture away from tissues, take suture scissors and cut thread below the knot, secure the knot with cotton pliers and gently pull lifting suture out of tissue, place suture on gauze to be counted when finished
87. What is the proper position for a seated dental assistant/operator?
Even with patient's mouth, seated so that weight is distributed evenly over the seat. Sit on the left side of the patient as close to patient chair as possible.
23. If the right 7th branch of the nerve is injured during an injection, what will occure?
Facial nerve paralysis
27. State the vitamins (fat soluble and water soluble)
Fat Soluble: A, D, E, K Water soluble: C, B1, B2, B6, B12, Niacin, Folic acid, Biotin, Pantothenic acid
158. What is done to denture base material to make it look more natural?
Fibers are added to the acrylic (p843)
250. What should be done when expendable supplies are received in the dental office?
First, they should be checked against the invoice to ensure what is coming in the clinic and what is not. Then if there is a system that keeps track of supplies then they need to be checked in to keep track of the stock in the clinic.
153. What procedures are performed in the office on each appointment in fixed prosth and removable prosth?
Fixed: fabricating temp crown, delivery of permanent crown, implant process Removable: refer to tables 36-1 (p839) and 36-2 (p845)
130. What procedure is done to ensure plaque removal following coronal polishing?
Floss and rinse; can use dental tape for interproximal spaces too
33. How should fluoride varnish be applied?
Fluoride should be painted on in a thin layer with a small disposable brush or CTA, to all surfaces of the teeth
144. During a cavity preparation, what should the dental assistant do?
Have prepared burs ready, rinse & evacuate oral cavity, mix materials, maintain operator visibility
220. How do carbohydrates increase the incidence of dental decay?
Frequent and prolonged exposure of the teeth to dietary carbohydrates generates an acidic plaque environment, which promotes the demineralization of the dental enamel, causing caries.
129. What are the common types of fluoride used topically in dental offices?
Gels, rinses, foams, and liquids
240.What is a common side effect of drugs used to treat seizure disorders?
Gingival hyperplasia
155. What cements are used to seat full cast metal, PCM, and porcelain crown/bridges?
Glass ionomer cement, polycarboxylate cement, resin cements, zinc phosphate cement (p787)
93. What type of cement is used for ortho bands?
Glass ionomer, polycarboxylate, or zinc phosphate cement is commonly used for cementing orthodontic bands.
175. What cements contain fluoride?
Glass ionomers contain fluoride
104. What does HIPPA stand for?
HIPPA stands for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.
120. What is used to retract the tongue when working on the lower right?
HVE, mirror, A/W syringe tip
114. What are common signs of high blood pressure?
Headaches, dizziness, nosebleeds, facial flushing, difficult breathing, vision problems, chest pains, irregular heartbeat, fatigue, and blood in urine.
69. What is the main ingredient in most whitening agents?
Hydrogen peroxide (carbamide peroxide)
258. What shank design is used for high/low speed burs?
High speed burs use the friction grip shank with carbide and diamond head burs. Low speed uses long straight shanks or latch-type shank for diamond cutting discs.
67. Explain the procedure for assembling a matrix/retainer. Why is the band burnished and with what instrument?
Hold the retainer so that the guide channels in diagonal slots are facing you. Turn the outer knob until the pointed end of the spindle is clear. Place the matrix band depends on the tooth being restored. Once the band is placed turn the outer knob until the tip of the spindle is tight against the band in the vise slot. Move the inner knob to increase or decrease the size of the loop to match the diameter of the tooth. Once the matrix system is placed you burnish it typically with a ball burnisher for better contact in the proximal areas.
134. What is the purpose of the wedge?
Holds the band securely in place and also prevents excess filling material from escaping between the tooth and the matrix band
108. What is the difference between hypertension, hypotension, and orthostatic hypotension?
Hypertension is when BP is higher than normal, Hypotension is when BP is lower than normal, andOrthostatic Hypotension is low BP while standing up or lying down.
244. A patient has an asthma attack in the dental office. What drug is administered and how?
If a patient has an asthma attack in the dental office a bronchodilator to cause the smooth muscles in the bronchioles to relax. (albuterol, epinephrine, fluticasone, Singulair, Advair).
245. What is the cardinal signals of an airway obstruction?
If it is a partial airway obstruction the patient can cough, speak, and breath. They should be able to dislodge the obstruction themselves. If it is a complete airway obstruction, they will be unable to speak, cough, or breath, they will turn pail, they will typically grab their throat and wave their arms.
241. What should be given to a conscious/ unconscious diabetic patient suffering from hypoglycemia?
If the patient is conscious, they should be given something sweet to raise their blood sugar, (orange juice, coke, candy bar, sugar tablets). If the patient becomes unconscious, you give them nothing and call 911, (they can be treated with a glycogen injection).
199. What procedure immediately follows placement of etchant?
Immediately after the placement of etchant the procedure that follows is the placement of a bonding agent. (ch. 37)
165. What are steps in placing an implant and fabricating the restoration?
Implant inserted into bone after extraction and a healing cap is then placed. When the tissue is healed the cap is removed and the abutment post screwed into the implant. The abutment is what the tooth will attach to. A prosthetic crown is used in fabricating the restoration
58. What can be used as a guide for placing a dental implant?
Impressions or an intraoral scan as well as a computer-guided 3D planning system can be used as a guide for placement of a dental implant.
168. How is alginate mixed?
In a bowl with a spatula in one direction. Spin the bowl in the palm of hand with the spatula pulling the material on the sides
51. What would make dental stone harder?
Less water or more stone will make dental stone harder
136. Which embrasure space is the wedge normally placed?
Inserted interproximally against the matrix band near the gingival margin of the preparation
253. What is inventory?
Inventory is a complete list of items or materials used in the production held by a company.
95. State the different isolation methods?
Isolite, cotton rolls, dry angles, dental dam
19. What types of stains does coronal polishing remove
It DOES NOT remove intrinsic stains.
20. Why do you not use prophy paste before applying sealants?
It can interfere with the retention of the sealant.
102. Why is it important to tuck/invert the dental dam?
It is important to tuck/invert the dental damn into the sulcus of the gingiva to seal the tooth and prevent leakage.
8. When is it acceptable to send a patient who has not paid their dental bill an ultimatum letter?
It is only appropriate to send an ultimatum letter after the first 3 stages of collection have failed. It must first go through the reminder stage, inquiry/discussion stage and urgency stage.
206. When is it necessary to use custom impression trays?
It may be necessary to use a custom impression tray in order to obtain an accurate impression. Sometimes a regular stock tray may not fit or the stock tray will not allow a minimum amount of space for the material to flow around the prepared area, or it may require that an overabundance of impression material be used to obtain the impression, therefore risking an inferior outcome. In any case, a custom tray can be fabricated to meet the need (p. 950).
62. Explain the key terms in all chapters covered in your textbook.
KNOW EVERY SINGLE KEY TERM IN YOUR BOOK
259. When are latch-type burs used?
Latch-type burs are used on low speed handpieces and contra angles to refine tooth preparations.
98. Know the signs, symptoms, and treatment for the 12 emergencies learned in class as well as congestive heart failure.
Listed below
15. State the different injections used in the mouth and where the topical would be placed.
Local infiltration (topical placed in the area of treatment) Field block (topical placed in vestibule near apex of the tooth) Nerve Block (topical placed posterior to retromolar pad and anterior to mandibular foramen)
127. Where should cotton rolls be placed when treating the maxillary/mandibular teeth?
Maxillary= buccal side of teeth (mucobuccal fold) Mandibular= buccal side and lingual side of teeth
254. How often should medical/dental histories be updated
Medical/dental histories should be updated prior to their appointment. Recall patients should be updated at least once a year.
157. Describe the parts of the removable partial denture. (p837-8)
Metal framework: skeleton, everything is attached Rests: contact tooth providing support Connectors: unites various parts of partial into single unit, hold working parts in proper position, distribute the stresses. Retainer: (aka clasp) contacts abutment teeth and prevents partial from moving Denture base: (aka saddle) provides coverage and stability; holds denture teeth in place Artificial teeth: secured to base by pins or holes
106. How long are dental records kept?
On average dental records are kept for 6 years. North Carolina has to keep records for 10 years. HIPPA requires records to be retained for 6 years. There is a rule of thumb that states retention for 6 years after death, 10 years after last appointment, and 21 years from date of birth. Most importantly follow the laws of record retention for the state you are in.
219. How many servings are needed daily of? Fats, oils and sweets; milk, yogurt, and cheese; meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs and nuts; vegetables; fruits; bread, cereal, rice and pasta?
Milk, Yogurt, and Cheese 1 cup of milk or yogurt 1 1/2 ounces of natural cheese 2 ounces of process cheese Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs, and Nuts 2-3 ounces of cooked lean meat, poultry, or fish 1/2 cup of cooked dry beans, 1 egg, or 2 tablespoons of peanut butter count as 1 ounce of lean meat Vegetable 1 cup of raw leafy vegetables 1/2 cup of other vegetables, cooked or chopped raw 3/4 cup of vegetable juice Fruit 1 medium apple, banana, orange 1/2 cup of chopped, cooked, or canned fruit 3/4 cup of fruit juice Bread, Cereal, rice, and Pasta 1 slice of bread 1 ounce of ready-to-eat cereal 1/2 cup of cooked cereal, rice, or pasta
24. For the new patient exam, what instruments will be needed?
Mirror Explorer Perio-probe
14. Which gauge needle is used for injecting different areas in the mouth?
Needle gauges used are 25, 27 and 30. The smaller the gauge, the larger the diameter.
223. What drug is used to treat angina pectoris?
Nitroglycerin
141. What color is the nitrous oxide and oxygen tank?
Nitrous - blue Oxygen - green
137. Approximately how far above the marginal ridge should the matrix band extend?
No more than 1 - 1.5mm beyond the gingival margin No more than 2mm above marginal ridge
107. State the "normal" pulse, respirations, blood pressure for an adult and child.
Normal vitals for an adult are; Pulse: 60-100 bpm, respirations of 12-18 rpm, BP 120/80. Normal vitals for a child are; Pulse 70-100 bpm, respirations of 20-40 rpm, BP for child 10 years of age 100/66, and adolescent 16 years of age 118-76.
169. When mixing a two-paste impression material, how are the pastes dispensed/mixed?
Paste is dispensed onto a pad in a long, even line about 4 inches long parallel to each other. They are mixed by gathering up the accelerator with spatula and placing in base material, spatulate pastes together with broad sweeps on one side of the spatula for 1 minute
160. What is the purpose of a denture reline?
Patient comfort and to correct occlusion
182. How will over-drying dentin affect the bond strength of hydrophilic bonding agents?
Over drying of the dentin can surfaces can cause the exposed collagen fibrils ti collapse and can cause the bond strength to decrease.
140. When using nitrous oxide analgesia, what must be done when the nitrous oxide is halted?
Oxygen purge 100% of any residual nitrous-oxide
103. What is a PPO?
PPO is a type of health plan that contracts with medical where your insurance would cover for appointments with a Preferred Provider. The insurance company has negotiated rates with the providers in their insurance network (Preferred Provider Organization).
26. Which type of patients require a prophylactic antibiotic?
Patients with infective endocarditis, and Joint prostheses
105. Name the salivary ducts? What might cause them to swell?
Parotid duct (Stenson's duct), ducts of Bartholin, Wharton's duct, and ducts of Rivinus. Salivary stones or mumps could cause them to swell.
18. What prophylactic antibiotic is used with a penicillin allergy? Non-penicillin allergy?
Penicillin allergy:Clindamycin, cephalexin and doxycycline Non-Penicillin allergy:Amoxicillin, penicillin, cloxacillin, erythromycin, nafcillin and oxacillin
187. What is the purpose of a periodontal dressing?
Periodontal dressings or packs are placed after periodontal surgical procedures. The dressings do not have any medicinal qualities; they are bandages used to protect the tissue during the healing process. The following are objectives of the periodontal dressings: - Minimizing post-op infection and hemorrhage - Protecting the tissues during mastication - Covering the surgical site in order to reduce pain due to trauma or irritation - Providing support for teeth that are mobile - Helping to hold flaps in position (p.748)
192. How long are permanent teeth etched?
Permanent teeth are etched for 15-60 seconds. (p. 879)
190. What mechanism holds a periodontal dressing in place?
Physical retention hold periodontal dressings in place ( p 749).
31. If a patient is having a seizure, what should the dental assistant?
Place the pt in a supine position in dental chair or on floor, remove objects from area that could injure the pt, gently restrain the pt, DO NOT place anything or try to remove anything from their mouth, once conscious turn the pt on their side to prevent aspiration, be supportive once they regain consciousness, DO NOT allow pt to drive themselves home, oxygen can be given after pt regains consciousness.
118. What fingers are used to place instruments in the dentist's hand? What fingers are used to retrieve the instruments?
Place- the thumb, index or 1st finger, middle or 2nd finger. Retrieve- the pinky or 4th finger.
50. State all the instruments found in the Dental Assisting Textbook and know their uses.
Please refer to your dental assisting book
204. What is used to polish dentures?
Polishing of a denture can be accomplished on a dental lathe with rag wheels, pumice slurry, and various other polishing agents, such as Tripoli or a paste of tin oxide and water (p.855).
22. Which impression material is most flexible and least resistant to distortion?
Polyvinyl siloxane is the most flexible and the least resistant to distortion
94. State the proper criteria/placement of the HVE for all areas of the mouth?
Posterior- Place bevel as close as possible to the tooth being prepared. Position bevel tip parallel to buccal or lingual surface of tooth being prepared. Place upper edge of HVE tip so that it extends slightly beyond the occlusal surface Anterior- If preparing lingually, place HVE to facial. When preparing facially, place the HVE from the lingual. Place tip slightly beyond the incisal edge for both placements
221. What can be done to prevent most medical emergencies in the dental office?
Prevention is accomplished by conducting a thorough medical history with appropriate alterations to dental treatment as required.
237. A frantic parent calls the office explaining that her child has fallen and knocked her front tooth out. What do you tell this parent?
Primary avulsed teeth are not replaced because infection or ankylosis may occur. Ankylosis is the fusion of bone and cementum. Permanent teeth ash have been avulsed should be replaced as soon as possible after the injury. Instruct the parents to replant the tooth immediately. The success rate is relatively high if this is done. If the tooth cannot be replanted, instruct the parent to place the tooth in milk, saliva, aline, or water and transport the patient and tooth to the dental office immediately. Caution should be taken with the avulsed tooth to place it carefully in liquid and not rinse it off.
Allergic Reaction - Type 1
Signs and symptoms- occurs within 30 minutes; develops areas of edema, erythema, and pruritus; throat and tongue may swell up making it difficult to breath; BP drops; if allowed to progress, anaphylactic shock may occur. Treatment- call 911; sit upright if conscious, supine if unconscious; administer EpiPen; if that does not provide adequate relief, administer 50 mg/ml of diphenhydramine IM; 5-6 L/m oxygen.
78. Understand permanent and primary dentition, exfoliation dates, eruption dates, names/letters/numbers.
REFER TO TEXTBOOK
255. What information is necessary when taking a telephone message?
Record the date and time of the call, the name and number of the caller, who the message is for, the urgency and message of the call, what action is required, and a good time to return the call.
38. A white patch is found in the oral cavity and will not wipe off with a 2X2 . What is it?
Record the size, shape, and location in the patient's chart, take intraoral photos of the lesion, and inform the dentist.
2. Drug Handout
Refer to drug handout
1. Rotary Burs
Refer to textbook
43. What are the parts of the anesthetic syringe?
Thumb ring, finger grip bar, syringe barrel, plunger, piston rod, harpoon, threaded end of syringe
Allergic Reaction - Type 4
Signs and symptoms- develop over a period of hours; localized areas of urticaria. Treatment- sit patient upright; administer 2-4 teaspoons of diphenhydramine; if necessary, give one or two 25 mg diphenhydramine tablets every 4-6 hours.
71. What is a space maintainer used for?
To prevent teeth from drifting into space for eruption
80. When is there an increase in salivation?
Saliva production increases to assist in the process of digestion
125. What is the correct order for assembling the anesthetic syringe?
Select correct needle size, insert carpule in barrel, attach needle to syringe, engage harpoon, check to be sure harpoon is engaged, place cover loosely on needle until syringe is needed, place syringe on tray until ready for use
174. What cements bond chemically tooth structure?
Self-curing glass ionomer cements bond to tooth chemically
Cerebrovascular Accident (stroke)
Signs and symptoms- excruciating headache; nausea and vomiting; dizziness; confusion; paralysis, most often on one side, but can involve both sides; speech is often affected; the pupils are not the same size in both eyes; most patients lose consciousness within a few minutes. Treatment- call 911; if conscious, place upright; if unconscious, place in supine position; 5-6 L/m oxygen; keep the patient calm and quiet; do not administer medication; be prepared to perform CPR.
Diabetes Mellitus - Hyperglycemia
Signs and symptoms- increased thirst; dry skin; lack of saliva; lack of appetite; frequent urination. Treatment- sit patient upright; if conscious, patient can administer their own insulin; if unconscious, call 911.
126. Where should needles that have been used be placed?
Sharps container
Angina
Signs and symptoms- Substernal chest pain that may radiate out of the neck, jaw, or either arm; chest pain is usually described as a pressure or tightness in the chest; will usually remain motionless; may appear cold and clammy; pulse and BP are usually slightly elevated. Treatment- call 911; set upright; 5-6 L/m oxygen; take BP and if the systolic blood pressure is 100 or greater, administer nitroglycerin; if the pain persists after 5 minutes and systolic BP remains 100 or greater, administer additional nitroglycerin; if, after 5 more minutes, the pain still persist and systolic BP is 100 or greater, administer a final dose of nitroglycerin.
Cardiac Arrest
Signs and symptoms- become dizzy; be short of breath; feel fatigued or weak; vomit; experience heart palpitations; chest pain; no pulse; not breathing or difficulty breathing; loss of consciousness; collapse. Treatment- place in supine position; if conscious and breathing, ask if all right; if unresponsive and not breathing or has agonal breathing, continue with CPR; call 911; check carotid artery for pulse; if there is a good pulse, breathe for the patient 12/m; if no pulse, do 30 chest compressions; follow 30:2 making sure the airway is open; do 5 full cycles then recheck for pulse; only stop CPR if the patient has successfully been resuscitated or when the EMS arrives and takes over.
Diabetes Mellitus - Hypoglycemia
Signs and symptoms- confused; nervous; jittery; hungry; sweaty; excessive salivation. Treatment- sit patient upright; give patient something sweet to raise their blood sugar; if patient becomes unconscious, call 911.
Emphysema
Signs and symptoms- cough; shortness of breath; limited tolerance to exercise. Treatment- place in upright position; use a bronchodilator; no more than 2-4 L/m oxygen.
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Signs and symptoms- pain occurs when the patient is resting; is normally more severe and longer lasting than with angina pectoris; pain is not relieved by rest and nitroglycerin; may be cold and clammy; may become nauseous and vomit; BP will normally drop; shortness of breath; feels very tired; has the feeling of impending doom. Treatment- call 911; if conscious, place an upright position; 5-6 L/m oxygen; administer 4- 81 g baby aspirin if there is no allergy; administer nitroglycerin if the systolic BP is 100 or greater; if the patient should go into cardiac arrest, place them on the floor and begin CPR.
Hyperventilation
Signs and symptoms- patient appears nervous and anxious; breathes deeper and faster; may complain of feeling tightness in the chest or suffocation; may begin to feel dizzy; may develop tingling in the fingers and toes. Treatment- place in upright position; attempt to calm the patient; breathe into their cupped hands or a paper bag; inhale and hold their breath while you count to 5 or 10 before exhaling; do not administer oxygen.
Syncope
Signs and symptoms- patient becomes pale; may be covered in a cold sweat; complain of being hot, dizzy, or nauseated; pulse and BP initially increase; pulse and BP drop just before becoming unconscious; while unconscious, pulse and BP will remain low and respirations will be shallow and gasping; pupils will become dilated; may exhibit convulsions, deathlike appearance while unconscious. Treatment- place in Trendelenburg position unless pregnant; check CAB; crack and wave ammonia capsule under nose, administer 100% oxygen 5-6 L/m; loosen tight clothes; place a cool, damp cloth on forehead.
Complete Airway Obstruction
Signs and symptoms- patient is unable to speak, cough forcibly, or breathe adequately; becomes pale; becomes cyanotic around the mouth and fingertips; usually clutches throat; quickly loses consciousness if the object is not removed. Treatment- if conscious, perform Heimlich maneuver; if patient loses consciousness, call 911; lie patient on their back; give 30 chest compressions; visually check mouth and remove any dislodged object if present; do head tilt-chin lift followed by 2 breaths; repeat above steps until EMS arrives or the patient is OK.
Epileptic Seizures
Signs and symptoms- personality changes; aura; fall; rigid body stiffening; muscle jerks; foaming at the mouth. Treatment- place in supine position; remove potentially harmful objects from the area; loosen tight clothes and remove glasses; do not try to remove or place anything from the mouth; once consciousness is regained, turn on their side; do not allow them to drive home; if the seizure lasts more than 5 minutes, call 911.
Congestive Heart Failure
Signs and symptoms- shortness of breath (dyspnea) when you exert yourself or when you lie down; fatigue and weakness; swelling (edema) in your legs, ankles and feet; rapid or irregular heartbeat; reduced ability to exercise; persistent cough or wheezing with white or pink blood-tinged phlegm; increased need to urinate at night; swelling of your abdomen (ascites); very rapid weight gain from fluid retention; lack of appetite and nausea; difficulty concentrating or decreased alertness; sudden, severe shortness of breath and coughing up pink, foamy mucus; chest pain if your heart failure is caused by a heart attack. Treatment- call 911; if necessary, perform CPR.
Asthma
Signs and symptoms- wheezing sounds during expiration; seems to be struggling for air; may be sweating; may be coughing; may appear nervous; BP normal or slightly elevated; increased pulse. Treatment- position upright; use a bronchodilator; oxygen 5-6 L/m.
Partial Airway Obstruction
Signs and symptoms-patient is able to cough, speak, and breathe. Treatment-sit patient upright; no further action should be required.
200. Why are some dentin primers air dried?
Some dentin primers are air dried to remove solvent from the dentin surface.
148. What material is placed on the tip of the electrode prior to performing an electronic pulp test? Why?
Small amount of toothpaste; acts as a conducting medium
150. What is used to flush a root canal?
Sodium hypochlorite (bleach), Parachlorophenol (PCP), hydrogen peroxide, saline solutions, alcohol, anesthetic solution, chlorinated soda (p574)
186. What materials are used as a cavity liner?
Some materials that are used as a cavity liner include: calcium hydroxide, ZOE, and glass ionomer. (p. 886)
82. The rate of use and shelf life of an item dictates what?
Storage practices for wrapped sterilized instruments can be either date- or event-related. Although some facilities continue to date every sterilized package and use shelf-life practices (first in, first out), other facilities have switched to event-related practices. This approach recognizes that the product should remain sterile until some event causes the item to become contaminated (e.g., a package becomes torn or wet). All packages containing sterile items should be inspected before use to verify that the package is not wet, torn, or damaged in any way. If it is, the instruments should be re-cleaned, packaged in new wrap, and re-sterilized.
131. How is minor bleeding controlled following surgical procedures?
Sterile gauze is placed in patients mouth to bite on immediately; removed when oozing has stopped
233. What is the more common term for cerebrovascular accident?
Stroke
216. What food are cariogenic?
Sugary and starchy foods such as bread, rice, noodles, crackers, cakes, sweetened cereals, and hard and chewy candies; Sticky foods such as dried fruits, fruit snacks, cookies, and chewy candies (toffee)
30. Describe the positions used in four-handed dentistry...supine, upright, Trendelenburg.
Supine position is patient's nose and knees are at about the same level. Upright is back of chair is in a 90 degree angle, and Trendelenburg is reclined position with head lower than the feet.
225. What is the most common dental office emergency?
Syncope (fainting)
92. What is the difference between syneresis and imbibition?
Syneresis is shrinkage from a loss of water content due to heat, dryness, or exposure to air. Imbibition is enlargement due to swelling or the absorption of fluid
146. What type of cement is used to seat temporary crowns?
Temporary Cement - ex: temrex
59. What are the active ingredients in toothpaste, and sensitive toothpaste?
The active ingredients in toothpaste are fluoride, sodium fluoride, Tin (II) fluoride, calcium carbonate, Sodium monofluorophosphate. / Sensitive toothpaste ingredients are Potassium Nitrate, Sodium Fluoride,
44. What is done right before topical anesthetic is placed?
The area is dried with 2x2 gauze before placing topical
116. How does the dental assistant seated height compare to that of the dentist?
The assistant seat is 4 to 8 inches higher.
242. What is the best method for treating hyperventilation?
The best way to treat hyperventilation is to sit the patient in the upright position and try to calm them down. Have them take deep breaths into their cupped hands or have them take a deep breath and hold it for 5-10 seconds.
110. What is the depth of normal sulcus?
The depth of normal sulcus is 3mm or less
194. Describe the following classifications of occlusion: Class I, Class II, Class III?
The classifications of occlusion are on p. 662.
176. What is the consistency of a cement mixed as a temporary restoration?
The consistency of a cement mixed as a temporary restoration is homogeneous
53. Explain the different matrix systems used in operative dentistry.
The different matrix systems are Tofflemire retainer is two parts, the retainer and the stainless-steel band used for amalgam restoration, the AutoMatrix is a stainless-steel band without the retainer used for amalgam restoration, The plastic mylar strip is a strip of plastic that allows for a better contour and used for composite restorations. There is also the section matrix system the Garrison often used on Class II restorations to restore anatomical contacts.
195. What are the functions of saliva?
The function of saliva is to moisten and lubricate the oral cavity and to moisten food, aiding in the mastication (chewing) and swallowing of food. Saliva also initiates the digestion of starches and helps regulate water balance. (p.116)
201. Which gypsum product is used to fabricate working casts?
The gypsum product that is used to fabricate working casts is Type III-Laboratory Stone. (p. 935)
142. What is the purpose of imbedding the harpoon in the rubber stopper of an anesthetic syringe?
The harpoon pushes the rubber stopper so the anesthetic comes out of the needle; allows operator to aspirate with the syringe
81. Which ions are more important in tooth formation?
The hydroxyapatite of tooth enamel is primarily composed of phosphate ions (PO43--) and calcium ions Ca2+)
57. What matrix band system uses a separate ring?
The matrix band system that uses a separate ring is the Garrison system
243. What is the more common term for cerebrovascular accident?
The more common term for cerebrovascular accident is STROKE.
7. Nitrous oxide to oxygen ratios?
The most common ratio is 2:1
230. What is a common side effect of drugs used to treat seizure disorders?
The most common side effects associated with epilepsy medicines are: drowsiness, irritability, nausea, rash, and clumsiness.
11. Which muscle is not used for mastication?
The muscles of facial expressions are not used during mastication, which includes the orbicularis oris, buccinator, mentalis, and the zygomatic major. The muscles used during mastication include the internal and external pterygoid muscles, masseter and temporal muscles.
111. Describe healthy gingiva.
Usually pink or brownish pink depending on the pigmentation. The fibrous tissue is covered w/ mucous membrane that can withstand pressure during chewing.
25. A 65-year-old woman with emphysema also has swelling of the hands and feet. What else might she be suffering from?
The patient could also have pulmonary hypertension which could be causing the swelling
257. Who has the right to information contained in a patient's dental record?
The patient owns the info, but the dentist owns the records.
260. What teeth replace primary dentition?
The permanent central and lateral incisors, canines, and 1st and 2nd premolars.
248. An older patient is undergoing treatment when he advises you that he is not feeling well. His speech becomes slurred and he complains of dizziness and weakness on one side of his body. What is the probable problem? What should you do?
The probable problem is Cerebrovascular Accident (STROKE). You should have the patient smile if it is one sided it is a stroke, have them talk and if they are slurring it is a stroke(our patient is already slurring), have the patient raise their arms if one begins o droop it is a stroke. Call "CODE BLUE" send for the emergency kit, AED, Oxygen, and Emergency clipboard. Call 911, place the patient in the upright position, monitor vitals every five minutes. Give 5-6L/m of oxygen, keep them calm and quiet, give no medications, prepare for CPR because the patient has the potential to go into Cardiac Arrest. Document everything.
188. What is the procedure for mixing/placing/removing a periodontal dressing?
The procedure for mixing and placing a periodontal dressing is on p. 749 and the procedure for removing the periodontal dressing is on p. 751.
184. What is the purpose of copalite varnish?
The purpose of copalite varnish is used under metal restorations because the solvent material in the varnish may interfere with the setting action of composite and resins. (p. 876)
197. What is the purpose of dentin bonding agents?
The purpose of dentin bonding agents is to make materials such as composite adhere to the dentin (p.881).
181. What are the steps in dentin/enamel bonding?
The steps in dentin/enamel bonding are on p. 880.
46. What is the teabag used for after an extraction? What is the drug found in the teabag for this purpose?
The tea bag is used to help aid in clotting blood. The drug that is found in the teabag is eugenol or cloves
13. Which bone articulates with the mandible?
The temporal bone
56. What type clamp is used for gingival retraction?
The winged or wingless clamps are used for gingival retraction.
52. What direction should the working end of an instrument be directed for what arch?
The working end of an instrument should be directed toward the arch that is being worked on. Pointing down for mandibular, pointing up-ward for maxillary
261. How many primary/permanent teeth does a person have?
There are 20 primary teeth (10 in each arch and 5 in each quadrant). Permanent teeth - There are 32 (16 in each arch and 8 in each quadrant).
252. What is third-party payment?
Third-party payment is anyone paying for medical treatment who isn't the patien
99. State the functions of all vitamins.
Vitamin A- essential for healthy skin; maintenance of mucous membranes; give strength to epithelial tissue; best known for his contribution to vision. Vitamin D- manufactured by the body if exposed to UV rays; ensures healthy bones and tooth development. Vitamin E- protects nutrients by oxidation; effective in conditioning to the skin. Vitamin K- promotes the formation of prothrombin. Vitamin C- ascorbic acid; acts to hold cells together and is a component of connective tissue. Vitamin B1- thiamin; prevents cardiovascular changes and beriberi. Vitamin B2- riboflavin; helps produce proteins and is essential in growth. Vitamin B3- niacin; prevents gastrointestinal and nervous system disorders. Vitamin B6- pyridoxine; essential in the synthesis and metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fat. Vitamin B12- cobalamin; important in the functioning of red blood cells and DNA. Vitamin B9- folic acid; important for the functioning of red blood cells and DNA. Vitamin B7- biotin; aids in energy metabolism. Vitamin B5- pantothenic acid; aids in energy metabolism.
83. After placing a periodontal dressing why would you press it into the interproximal areas of the teeth?
This gains retention and creates festooning (normal appearance)
205. What is used to polish metal crowns?
Tin oxide can be used to polish metal crowns.
123. When providing a full mouth rinse, where is the HVE placed?
Tip is in the posterior position; while doing patient's right side, place HVE lingual side of molars; while doing patient's left side, place HVE buccal side of molars.
48. Why should dentures be stored in water when not in the mouth?
To keep them moist and avoid shrinkage
10. A buffer period is primarily used for what?
To maintain the pH of the mouth
173. Describe the procedure for mixing zinc phosphate cement?
To mix zinc phosphate, mix powder and liquid, using proper rate of addition, figure-eight motion, slow on a large area of slab before each addition add in more powder, gather material together using proper technique, mix 2 min, each section mix is 15 seconds, proper consistency free of excess powder or liquid and creamy, follows spatula 1 in, holds form a moment then spreads. 7 increments of powder
55. How many wholes would be punched in the dental dam for which procedure?
To prepare a dental dam you would punch a whole for each tooth that is to be restored, then one whole distal and one whole mesial to the tooth or teeth being worked on
65. What is electronic pulp testing, how is it done, what do the numbers mean?
Tool that creates an electrical stimulus to the tooth indicating whether pulp is vital or non-vital by delivering high frequency currents that create electrical stimulus to the tooth. The numbers are the pulse amplitude of the stimulus and begins at 15 volts and rises automatically to a maximum of 350 volts.
171. What is trituration?
Trituration is the combing (mixing) of the dental alloy and mercury mechanically. Pg 895
191. What agents are used to etch enamel?
Typically 30 to 40 percent phosphoric acid solutions are used to etch enamel. (p. 879)
9. How often does the organized dental assistant send a reminder of non-payment?
Typically every 30, 60, 90 days. Or at the discretion of the Dentist.
132. What is the procedure for removing cement following crown cementation?
Use explorer or scaler to remove excess cement along the gingiva; then floss interproximal spaces after patient has bit on a sterile cotton roll for 3-5 minutes
121. What is the best method of providing access, visibility, and maintaining the operating field for operative dentistry?
Use of dental dam OR using HVE, retraction, and lighting
138. What is necessary when the cavity preparation extends well below the gingival?
Use of glass ionomer restoration to release fluoride and gingival retraction cord
124. When the dentist is using indirect vision when treating a maxillary molar, what must the dental assistant do?
Use the A/W syringe to blow air onto the operator's mirror
164. What are stainless steel crowns used for?
Used for both primary and permanent teeth. primary teeth- crown is placed until the permanent dentition erupt permanent teeth- extensive carious lesions, hypoplastic or hypocalcified teeth, treatment following a pulpectomy or pulpotomy procedure, a primary tooth used as an abutment tooth for a space maintainer, and temporary restoration of fractured teeth
122. What is the purpose of the dental dam napkin?
Used for patient comfort and to absorb saliva, water, and perspiration
16. When is a dental implant implicated?
Used to replace one individual tooth, multiple teeth, or to restore an edentulous arch.
143. How are needles recapped to prevent exposure incidents?
Using one handed scoop technique or a recapping device to place the protective covers on needles when they are not being used
76. What is a vasoconstrictor? What is it used for?
Vasoconstrictors are drugs added to anesthetic solutions that constrict blood vessels around the injection site, reducing the blood flow in the area
167. What verbal and non-verbal clues would indicate apprehension in a dental patient?
Verbal clues - Actual words spoken, but also the manner and inflection of speech underlying fear or anxiety include trembling of lips, vocal tremors or variance in speech tone Non-verbal - body language, being startled or jumping when someone enters the room, grasping dental chair (white knuckles), shut eyes tight, and holding their breathe
139. When removing the matrix/wedge, what is removed first?
Wedge
85. How does fluoride help prevent caries?
When your saliva has fluoride in it from sources like tooth paste or water, your teeth are able to take it in. Once in your enamel, fluoride teams up with calcium and phosphate there to create the most powerful defense system your teeth can have to prevent cavities from forming: Fluorapatite. It is much stronger, more resistant to decay and fights to protect your teeth.
159. What is an immediate denture?
When the patient's teeth are extracted and the denture is placed in the same appointment (p844)
156. When would it necessary to use a post core buildup prior to making a crown?
When the tooth is nonvital and has had a root canal (p790)
208. Describe the change in teeth and periodontium as a result of aging?
With increasing age, the epithelial issues (which is what makes up your gums) will thin, which will lead to teeth looking longer as more of the tooth will be exposed. This can cause teeth to shift, as well as cause pain and sensitivity due to dentin exposure.
145. What are several methods of preparing temporary crowns?
You can use composite resin, integrity, polycarbonate, and stainless steel
247. A frantic patient calls the office explaining that her child has fallen and knocked her front tooth out. What do you tell this parent?
You would tell the parent to not scrub the tooth, try to place the tooth back in place, but not to force it, if it will not go back in place it in a glass of milk. Either way they do this they need to get into the office as soon as possible.
3. What type of restoration would you use a gingival retraction cord for?
You would use a gingival retraction cord for a crown
149. What materials are commonly used as root canal sealers?
ZOE, calcium hydroxide, and glass ionomers.
45. Which type of implant replaces the root portion of a tooth?
a dental implant
210. What type of toothbrush bristles are recommended?
a soft-bristled toothbrush
91. Explain the criteria for an acceptable temporary crown?
a. Comfortable and esthetically acceptable to patient b. Remains stable with proper mesial and distal contacts and occlusal alignment until permanent crown is cemented c. Easily removed without damaging tooth when the permanent restoration is ready for placement d. Fits snugly and accurately along prepared margin of the tooth. There is less than 0.05 mm of space between the temporary restoration and finish line of the margin. e. Contoured in a similar fashion to original tooth, therefore protecting gingiva from irritation and interproximal areas from food impaction.
74. Explain the different whitening agents available.
a. Hydrogen Peroxide- acts on intrinsic and extrinsic stains b. Carbamide Peroxide- weaker than Hydrogen Peroxide, but more stable. c. Sodium Perborate- used to whiten nonvital teeth d.Review p 824-832
77. What is nitroglycerin and what is it used for? Where is it placed and how is it supplied?
a. Nitroglycerin is a medication used to treat Angina Pectoris. b.Nitroglycerin pills are taken under the tongue, also available in spray form.
73. Explain the sequence for taking alginate impressions when performing a crown prep.
a. Prepare alginate ( powder in water, fast set: 30-45 sec, reg set: 1 min) b. Load alginate into tray c. Seat posterior, rock anterior d. When set completely, break seal and remove tray e. Dr. preps tooth for crown f. Temp crown material is placed in prepped tooth region of alginate impression g. Seat impression back into the mouth, wait for material to set h. Take final impression i. Adjust temporary crown j. Bond temporary crown k.Remove excess material
79. Know charting symbols for hand and computer programs. What color/s used? Name the charting methods.
a. Red represents the dentistry that needs to be done, blue indicates the work that has been completed b. METHODS: i. Universal/ National system for numbering- Numbering used in US ii. FDI- Federation Dentaire Internatinale- numbering In Canada and Europe iii.Palmer System for Numbering- Permanent teeth are numbered 1-8 in each quad, centrals are 1, molars are 8.
115. In an emergency situation, what artery is used to monitor pulse?
carotid artery
35. What is needed when you apply calcium hydroxide?
dycal instrument or explorer
162. What materials are used for occlusal registration?
higher durometer polyvinyl siloxane or wax that is warmed
119. What can be used to retract the cheek when working on the patient's left side?
mirror.
213. Which fingers are the floss wrapped around?
one end around your left middle finger and the other end around your right middle finger
61. What is the primary cause of the periodontal disease?
plaque
163. What is the purpose of sealants?
prevent dental caries in the pits and fissures
90. If the alginate comes out of the tray when removing from the mouth, what would you do?
remove with fingers from back to front, similar to removing a retainer
96. What impression material requires a water-cooled tray?
reversible-hydrocolloid impression
36. What is the time frame called from the time the alginate powder is mixed until it hardens?
setting time
37. What needs to be done immediately before applying acidulated fluoride?
the teeth must be thoroughly dried
42. Right before taking a maxillary impression, the dental assistant removes the material from the palatal portion of the tray. Why is this done?
to avoid gagging
97. While making a suck-down tray, what is the best way to make sure the plastic adheres to the lingual surfaces of the teeth of the model?
trim lingual undercut areas
41. Which type of wax is added to the periphery of the impression tray?
utility wax
234. A patient has an asthma attack in the dental office. What drug is administered and how?
· Albuterol comes as a solution (liquid) to inhale by mouth using a special jet nebulizer (machine that turns medication into a mist that can be inhaled) and as an aerosol or powder to inhale by mouth using an inhaler · Epinephrine injection comes as a prefilled automatic injection device containing a solution (liquid) and in vials to inject subcutaneously (under the skin) or intramuscularly (into the muscle). It is usually injected as needed at the first sign of a serious allergic reaction. · Fluticasone comes as an aerosol to inhale by mouth using an inhaler and as a powder to inhale by mouth using an inhaler. · Singulair can be administered directly in the mouth
236. What is alveolitis and how is it treated?
· Alveolitis: Inflammation of the alveoli, the air sacs in the lungs. · Alveolitis are treated with high doses of oral corticosteroids
232. What is the best method for treating hyperventilation?
· Breathe through pursed lips. · Hold your breath for 5 to 10 seconds at a time
238. An older patient is undergoing treatment when he advises you that he is not feeling well. His speech becomes slurred and he complains of dizziness and weakness on one side of his body. What is the probable problem? What should you do?
· Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke) · Call 911Place the patient in an upright position if conscious (supine if unconscious) ->Monitor vials -> give oxygen (5-6L/m)-> keep patient calm and quiet ->give no medicines -> be prepared to perform CPR ( a CVA patient may go into cardiac arrest at any time)
231. What should be given to a conscious/unconscious diabetic patient suffering from hypoglycemia?
· Conscious: Give the patient something sweet to raise their blood sugar · Unconscious: DO NOT give them anything by mouth Call 911
215. Describe the steps in providing a fluoride treatment with 1.23 acidulated phosphate fluoride?
· Dry patient's teeth-> Mandibular first (keep finger in mouth when you get mandibular tray-patient will close mouth · Insert mandibular tray · Dray maxillary teeth · Insert maxillary tray · Have patient close with saliva ejector between trays-> Give patient a paper towel in case of drooling-Patient tip chin down to prevent swallowing-After 4minutes, take tray out, but do not rinse. · Remind patient they can't eat, drink, rinse, brush or floss for 30 min
228. Define edema, erythema, and urticaria?
· Edema: a condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body. · Erythema: superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches, as a result of injury or irritation causing dilatation of the blood capillaries. · Urticaria: a rash of round, red welts on the skin that itch intensely, sometimes with dangerous swelling, caused by an allergic reaction, typically to specific foods.
224. A patient is experiencing chest pain, is nauseated and sweating. What is the probable cause and how is this treated in the dental office?
· Myocardial Infraction (Heart Attack) · Treatment: 1. call 911 2. A patient who is experiencing a Myocardial Infarction should be given 4-8 one mg baby aspirins if they are not allergic. 3. If the patients systolic blood pressure is not steady 100 or grater, we would not give them nitroglycerin 4. A patient who is having a Myocardial Infarction should be placed in a sitting position if they are conscious. If the patient should go into cardiac arrest, place them on the floor and begin CPR. 5. We would give the patient oxygen 5-6 L/m if they are having a Myocardial Infarction.
229. How should you handle a patient that is having a seizure?
· Place the patient in a supine position, either in the dental chair or on the floor. · Remove any objects from the area that may cause the patient to injure his or herself · Loosen tight clothing and remove glasses · Do not try to remove anything from the mouth or place anything into the mouth · Gently restrain the patient. Only try to keep the patient from hurting his or herself · Once the patient has regained consciousness, turn the patient onto their side so that they do not aspirate any of their secretions. · Do not give the patient anything to eat or drink until they have fully recovered · Allow the patient to have plenty of time to recover before allowing them to leave the office · Call a family member or friend to take the patient home. Don't allow the patient to drive home. · If the seizure should last more than 5 minutes, call 911. They may be having a Status Epilepticus · Oxygen may be given after the patient regains consciousness (5/6L/m)
235. What is the cardinal signs of an airway obstruction?
· Symptoms of Partial Airway Obstruction Patient is able to cough, speak, and breathe Patient is normally able to dislodge the object by forcibly coughing · Symptoms of a Complete Airway Obstruction Patient is unable to speak, cough forcibly, or breathe adequately Patient becomes pale Patient become cyanotic around the mouth and fingertips Patient usually clutches the throat Patient quickly loses consciousness if the object is not removed
226. In what position should you place a patient who has experienced syncope and what is administered?
· Trendelenburg position (supine position with the feet slightly elevated). · Administer 100% oxygen, 5-6L/m
214. What are disadvantages of stannous fluoride?
· it has a somewhat bitter and unpleasant taste · In larger doses, it may have some health risks. · may causes fluorosis
88. Explain the brushing techniques.
•The modified stillman- incorporates a rolling stroke after vibratory. Place side of brush on the attached gingiva. Press to flex filaments-45 degrees to long axis of tooth. Activate brush, vibrate then roll. •the roll method- position the brush direct filaments apically, place side of brush on attached gingiva. Press go flex the filaments the filaments. Roll the brush slowly over the teeth. Replace and repeat 5 times or more. Overlap strokes. •the bass method- Place the brush at a 45 degree angle to the tooth apex. Apply gentle pressure so bristles enter sulcus. Use a vibratory motion (horizontal jiggle) to activate bristles. Lift brush and repeat in next area, useful to remove plaque and debris from gingival sulcus. Useful for healthy tissue. •charters method- Place brush at a 45 degree angle towards occlusal/incisal plane. Move brush in several small rotary motion keeping bristles in contact with the gingival margin. Useful for abutments of fixed bridges and around orthodontic appliances •fones method- Position bristles perpendicular to crown of tooth. Brush in a circular (rotary) motion brushing maxillary and mandibular teeth. Useful for small children with primary dentition.Evaluation for an electric toothbrush or other tooth brushing technique should be performed for special needs patients