General Chemistry Chapter 1, 2, 3 Test
What is the charge of a proton?
+1
What is the charge of the elements in 1A?
+1
What is the charge of the elements in 2A?
+2
What is the charge of the elements in 3A?
+3
What is the charge of the elements in 4A?
+4 and -4
What is the charge of Beta Radiation?
-1
What is the charge of an electron?
-1
What is the charge of the elements in 7A?
-1
What is the charge of the elements in 6A?
-2
What is absolute 0 in celsius?
-273 in C
What is the charge of the elements in 5A?
-3
At which point is fahrenheit equal to celsius?
-40 degrees
In naming the second part of an ionic compound (the nonmetal) what do you change the suffix to?
-ide
What is the charge of a neutron?
0
What is the charge of the elements in 8A?
0
What is the freezing point in celsius?
0
How many carbons are in a compound with the prefix meth- ?
1
Mono
1
What is the mass of a neutron?
1
What is the mass of a proton?
1
Which two columns are all main group metals?
1 and 2
How do you convert pounds to kilograms?
1 pound equals 453.6 kg so multiply X by 453.6 to figure out how many kilograms are in a set of pounds
What are the 4 assumptions of modern atomic theory?
1. All matter is composed of atoms, which are extremely tiny 2. All atoms of a given element have the same chemical properties 3. Compounds are formed by the chemical combination of two ore more different kinds of atoms 4. A chemical reaction involves joining, separating, or rearranging atoms
What are the 2 parts of Dalton's 1st postulate regarding Atomic Theory?
1. An element is composed of tiny particles called atoms 2. All atoms of a given element show the same chemical properties
What were the 3 results of the Gold Foil Experiment?
1. Atoms are mostly empty space 2. There is a positively charged tiny nucleus 3. Nearly all of atom's mass is in the nucleus
What two polytonic ions have a -3 charge?
1. Borate 2. Phosphate
What are the 2 parts of Dalton's 3rd postulate regarding Atomic Theory?
1. Compounds are formed when atoms of 2 or more elements combine 2. In a given compound, the relative number of atoms of each kind are definite and constant
What 3 things are representative of a Chemical Reaction?
1. Evolution of a gas 2. Change in color 3. Formation of a precipitate
What are the 2 parts of Dalton's 4th postulate regarding Atomic Theory?
1. In an ordinary chemical reaction, no atom of any element disappears or is changed into an atom of another element 2. Chemical reactions involve changing the way in which the atoms are joined together
What are the two types of Inner Transition Metals?
1. Lanthanum series- rare earth 2. Actinium series- trans uranium series
What are 3 evidences that led to modern atomic theory?
1. Scanning Tunneling Microscope creates a "lumpy" image of matter 2. Brownian Motion 3. Avogadro's number: 6.022 x 10^23
What 4 things must be true is matter is particulate?
1. We should be able to find it 2. Specific ratios of the matter is important 3. Magnifying should show particles 4. They should be able to be measured and counted by methods
What 2 things must be true if matter is continuous?
1. We should be not be able to "sort" to a building block 2. The amount of different things in matter should not make a difference
Which 8 polyatomic ions have a -2 charge?
1. carbonate 2. chromate 3. dichromate 4. hydrogen phosphate 5. peroxide 6. sulfate 7. sulfite 8. thiosulfate
3 theories in relation to the makeup of an atom
1.) Mostly empty space 2.) Positively charged tiny nucleus 3.) Nearly all of atom's mass is in the nucleus
What are the 3 parts of modern atomic theory?
1.Elements are composed of atoms which are very tiny 2. All atoms of a given element have the same chemical properties 3. Atoms are the fundamental units of Change
How many neutrons are in O-18?
10
What is the boiling point of water in celsius?
100
What is the scientific notation for a nanometer?
10^-9 meters
How many hydrogens are in hydrogen or protium?
1H
Di
2
How many atoms are in a diatomic molecule?
2
How many carbons are in a compound with the prefix eth- ?
2
How many electrons in one chemical bond?
2
How many elements are in a compound with the suffix -ide?
2
What is Alpha Radiation composed of?
2 protons and 2 neutrons
What is the boiling point of water in fahrenheit?
212
How many liters is one gas at standard room temperature?
22.4 liters
Freezing Point Temperature according to Kelvin?
273 K
Room temperature according to Kelvin?
293 K
How many hydrogens are in Deuterium?
2H
How many carbons are in a compound with the prefix prop- ?
3
Tri
3
What Groups on the Periodic Table consist of the Transition Metals?
3-12
Which columns are transition metals?
3-12
What is the freezing point in fahrenheit?
32
Boiling point of water according to Kelvin?
373 K
How many hydrogens are in Tritium?
3H
How many carbons are in a compound with the prefix buth- ?
4
How many ions does carbon make?
4
Tetra
4
Penta
5
Hexa
6
what is the formula for one mole?
6.022 x 10^23
Hepta
7
How many neutrons are in O-16?
8
Octa
8
How many protons and electrons are in isotopes in oxygen?
8 in both
How many neutrons are in O-17?
9
What is the Law of Constant Composition?
A chemical compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by mass
What happens within a Cathode Ray Tube?
A glass tube is evacuated
the suffix -ide ION means what?
A ion is negative (positive ions don't use the suffix -ide)
What is a chemical compound?
A pure substance that can be decomposed into different pure substances (consists of 2 or more atoms combined.
What is an element?
A substance that can not be decomposed into new substances.
What is a substance?
A type of matter that has the same properties and the same composition throughout a sample.
What does Group 1 A consist of?
Alkali metals
What does Group 2A consist of?
Alkaline metals
What is the basis of the Kinetic Molecular Theory?
All matter consists of extremely tiny particles (atoms or molecules)
What did Ernest Rutherford think would occur in the Gold Foil Experiment?
All of the alpha rays would go through the metal
What is the Law of Definite Proportions?
All samples of the same pure substance always contain the same elements in the same proportions by weight
What is the common name for NH3?
Ammonium
What is Kelvin?
An absolute scale using Celsius size degree
What is the smallest part of an element?
An atom
What is an allotrope? Is carbon an allotrope- how?
An element that has another form - such as carbon, it can be graphite or a diamond
What is Temperature?
An indicator of how much thermal energy is in a room
What is Dalton's 2nd postulate regarding Atomic Theory?
Atoms of different elements have different properties
What are the metalloids?
B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te
What is the common name for CS2?
Carbon Disulfide
What is the common name for CO?
Carbon Monoxide
What is the common name for CCl4?
Carbon Tetra chloride
What does Group 6A consist of?
Chalogens
What is accuracy?
Closeness to the true value
What are compounds?
Combinations of two or more elements
Formula for Density
D= M/V
How do you calculate how many moles are in a substance?
Determine how many grams are given in the problem. Calculate the molar mass of the substance. Divide step one by step two.
How do you calculate molar mass?
Go to periodic table and determine the atomic mass average (atomic weight) of each element. Multiply each atomic mass by the number of atoms in the formula. Add up the results of step three
What does Group 7A consist of?
Halogens
what are the only non metals with the suffix -ium?
Helium, deuterium & tritium
What is a "period" on the periodic table?
Horizontal Row
When two non metals combine you must what (in nomenclature)?
Indicate how many are present- example- N2O :Dinitrogen oxide
What is the range for the melting / boiling point of a mixture? Is it sharp?
It is broad and dependent on the mixture
What occurs within Beta Radiation?
Neutrons are converted to protons
What is the common name for N2O?
Nitrous Oxide
Are heterogenous mixtures uniform throughout?
No
What does Group 8A consist of?
Noble Gases
What is represented in a chemical equation?
Reactants --> Products
What is Precision?
Reproducibility
What did Ernest Rutherford do in the Gold Foil Experiment?
Shot a beam of alpha rays through metal
What actually occurred in the Gold Foil Experiment?
Some particles deflected
What is the common name for SO3?
Sulfur Trioxide
What is everything in chemistry measured against?
The Carbon-12 isotope
What did Ernest Rutherford set out to prove? (a model)
The Plum Pudding Model
Where is the electron located?
The electron cloud
When naming binary molecular compounds, for two non-metallic elements, which element is listed first?
The more metallic
What determines an atoms ID?
The number of protons
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons within an atom
Law of the Conservation of Mass (in relation to reactants and their products)
The sum of the masses of the reactants equal the sum of the masses of the products
What is a mass number?
The total number of protons and neutrons
What must be true of the components of a mixture that they can be separated?
They must have different physical properties
How do you calculate mass?
V x D
What is a "group" or "family" on the periodic table?
Vertical Column
When do you use roman numerals in nomenclature?
When an ionic compound starts with a metal that is not in Group IA or Group IIA
Within a Cathode Ray Tube- What does the way a charge deflects show?
Whether it is positive or negative
Alpha rays and gamma rays have mass? Are they matter?
Yes, Yes
How do you calculate atomic mass? (formula)
[(atomic mass of isotope) x (fractional isotopic abundance)]
If you see the prefix (meth-) what does that mean?
a chemical compound has been derived from methane or contains "methyl" groups
What is Beta Radiation composed of ?
a high energy electron that has been ejected from the nucleus
What is the smallest particle in a compound?
a molecule
What is an absolute scale?
a scale where there is 0 energy in the room
What is the range for the melting / boiling points of a pure substance? Is it sharp?
about 2 degrees celsius. Yes.
What is Rankin?
absolute scale using Fahrenheit size degree
what are the 3 types of radiation?
alpha, gamma, beta
In an atomic symbol what is the lower left corner?
atomic number
What is an allotrope?
different forms of the same element in the same physical state at the same temp. and pressure
What is an isotope?
each of 2 or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties.
What subatomic particles carry electricity?
electrons
What is in the spaces between gas particles?
empty space- as in nothing
What makes a substance homogenous?
everything is uniform- it's near impossible to distinguish what makes up the substance
Is a matter that doesn't separate homogenous or heterogenous?
homogenous
What is an intensive property? Give examples.
identical in all samples of a substance (density, color, melting point.)
Where are protons found?
in the nucleus
What are nonmetals?
insulators, brittle and dull.
In which sort of compounds will you see roman numerals present in nomenclature?
ionic compounds- between metal and nonmetal
When atoms lose electrons, what happens to the charge?
it becomes positive
Whats true for an intensive property that isn't true for an extensive?
it is identical in all samples of a substance (color, density melting point)
Does Beta Radiation have little or lots of mass?
little
What is the group below the metalloids composed of?
main group metals
What are metals ?
malleable, conductive
In an atomic symbol what is the upper left corner?
mass of the specific isotope.
What is Density representative of?
mass per volume (g/mL)
the suffix -ium USUALLY shows you are talking about what?
metals
If something can be mixed in something else it is _________________
miscible
Most elements that are nonmetals consist of molecules on the _____scale
nano
What are anions?
negative ions
The small number to the top right of an element represents the
net charge
What is the name of subatomic particles that lack charge?
neutrons
Do atoms have a charge?
no- they are electrically neutral
What part of the periodic table is the least reactive?
noble gases
What is Gamma Radiation's charge?
none
What is Gamma Radiation's mass?
none
What are metalloids/semimetals?
not very conductive, brittle
Is matter continuous or particulate?
particulate
Are there physical or chemical differences between metals and non metals? Or both?
physical
Are alpha particles positive or negative?
positive
What are cations?
positive ions
Mass number is
protons + neutron
What are the digits we write down from a measurement?
significant figures
What are elements?
single atoms or molecules
What is the motion of a solid, liquid, and gas?
solid- vibrates but doesn't move liquid-vibrates, moves about, slides past one another gas- vibrate and move freely at high speed
What form are metals at room temp?
solids, except for mercury (Hg) which is liquid
What is an extensive property? Give examples.
something that depends on specific sample under investigation. (mass, volume)
In molecular and structural formulas, what determines function?
structure
What makes a substance a pure substance?
substances that are made of only one type of atom or molecule.
What is the rule regarding the # of significant figures in addition and subtraction?
the # of sig figs used in the answer is determined by the piece of data with the fewest number decimal places.
In an atomic symbol what is the upper right corner?
the atom's charge
The small number to the bottom left of an element represents
the atomic #
What is organic chemistry?
the chemistry of hydrogen and carbon
What did the Gold Foil Experiment lead to?
the discovery of the nucleus
What occurred within Millikan's Oil Drop experiment?
the gravitational and electric forces were carefully balanced on tiny charged droplets of oil suspended between 2 metal electrodes .
The small number to the top left of an element represents:
the mass #
What is a natural abundance?
the measure of the average a given isotope naturally occurring on earth
In naming an ionic compound, what is named first?
the metal
Where are neutrons found?
the nucleus
In an atomic symbol what is the lower right corner?
the number of atoms in a molecule
Atomic number is
the number of protons in an element
How many electrons are in atoms in relation to protons in neutral atoms?
the same amount
What is a statement summarizing a group of scientific facts called?
theory
Are main group metals conductors?
they are semi conductors.
What was the purpose of Millikan's Oil Drop?
to measure the electric charge of the electron
What makes up a covalent compound?
two or more nonmetal atoms bond by sharing valence electrons.
Is Gamma Radiation's energy level high or low?
very high
Are alpha particles positive
yes
