general psychology 12

before marco had even heard the details of allisons car accident had happened they commented "allison is so absentminded im sure it happened because they were talking on their phone and not paying attention" marcos response illustrates an attributional pattern called:

blaming the victim

the fried grasshoppers story in your textbook represents the basic design of a classic experiment by which social psychologists?

Philip Zimbardo

the social psychologist who is best known for his controversial series of studies investigation destructive obedience to an authority is:

Stanley Milgram

Researchers Michael Morris and Kaiping Peng compared Chinese versus American newspaper reports of two different mass murders. Morris and Peng found that:

U.S. reports were more likely to use personal, internal attribution to explain the behavior of there murderers, whereas Chinese reporters were more likely to emphasize situational external attributes

which of these is not found to increase ratings of attractiveness according to the information found in the In Focus; interpersonal attraction and liking box?

a womans height

After 20 minutes of waiting outside the baggage claim area for your friend to pick you up, you decide to go inside the airport terminal and phone her. Standing a short distance from you is a kind-looking older woman. "Would you mind watching my luggage so I can go make a quick phone call?" you ask politely. "I'd be happy to watch it for you," she replies, "my ride is not coming for another half-hour." When you return less than five minutes later, the old lady and your luggage (including your laptop) are gone. This example illustrates one of the problems associated with:

an implicit personality theory

in high school, Dallas played soccer for their high school. Dallas basically liked everyone on their soccer team and thought they were all good people, and excellent soccer players. every soccer season there was a big game against the neighboring town's soccer team. they had been rivals for decades. Dallas has run into some of the players on the other team around town and says they are always rude and inconsiderate of other people. Dallas has _____ for their soccer team and ______ for the other soccer team

an ingroup bias: an outgroup bias

In his classic experiment of conformity to group pressure, Solomon Asch found that:

approximately three quarter (76%) of the participants conformed to the groups judgement on at least one critical trial

according to the discussion in your text, which of these is true about the effects of attitudes on behavior?

attitudes do influence behavior in many instances

____ refers to feeling drawn to other people and having positive thoughts and feelings about them

attraction

As Nina and Erin were eating lunch in the Central High School student cafeteria, they were discussing the news coverage about the girls' athletic coach being arrested for selling steroids to student athletes. "I think the guy just did it because they don't pay teachers enough money," Nina suggested. "I bet the guy had some other kind of drug addiction he was trying to pay for," Erin countered. Nina and Erin's ideas about the cause of the coach's drug-selling behavior are examples of:

attributions

an unpleasant stat of psychological tension occurring when two thoughts or perceptions are inconsistent is called:

cognitive dissonance

in november 2020 sara had been socially distancing and rarely went outside unless to run necessary errands. sara always wore a face mask and had one hand sanitizer with her to protect her against the covid 19 virus. one night saras gf insisted she come to the bar to celebrate her birthday. while at the bar very few people were socially distancing or wearing masks. as sara had more alcoholic beverages she became less aware to socially distance or keep her mask on. sara decided covid 19 was not that serious. this is an example of:

cognitive dissonance

physical attractiveness:

correlated with intelligence, happiness, and self esteem

your textbook suggests that the sheer number of bystanders who observed the death of kitty Genovese may have been a factor in most of these people's decision not to give her assistance because

diffusion of responsibility

which of these women would most likely be deemed the most attractive based on their body proportion according to the in focus interpersonal and liking box?

donna who has a smaller waist and larger hips

in collectivistic cultures, a persons self esteem often rests on doing better than others, especially other who are member of the persons primary social groups;

false

Jason belongs to a college fraternity and has been told to show up for a hazing ritual to take place later that week. Jason is against the whole idea of hazing but is not sure how to avoid participating. According to the information about conformity covered in class, Jason will find it easier to refuse to participate in the hazing if:

finds another fraternity member to join him in his refusal to participate

Yuki ran into her friend robin at the local market. robin had recently started selling cross-stich featuring quotes from popular tv shows. yuki reluctantly agreed to purchase a cross-stich but when she took out her credit card to pay, robin asked yuki to buy three more with different quotes from the same tv show so she would have the full set. robin is using the:

foot-in-the-door technique

which of these statements regarding Milgram's research is FALSE?

he found that rates of obedience did not differ, even with changes in situational variables

research has found that relationship between income inequality and murder. as income inequality becomes _____ murder rates become ______

higher; lower

priya is participating in a study that involves exposure to words presented one at a time on a computer screen. at regular intervals priya is presented with questionnaires assessing how she is feeling psychologically at that moment. based on the information presented in your textbook the hotter temperature words will make her feel:

hostile

____ are evaluations that are automatic, unintentional, difficult to control, and are sometimes but not always unconscious

implicit attitudes

in milgrams obedience studies each time the learner made a mistake the teacher was supposed to

increase the punishment shock to the next highest voltage level

Victoria is a fifth grader in Zender Elementary School. Like most students in her school, she believes that Zender Elementary School is the best school in the town. This example best illustrates:

ingroup bias

neveah is a young black lesbian woman. neveah thinks these different identities influence how she experiences the world in a positive way. this is an example of:

intersectionality

psychologists use the term "implicit cognition" to refer to the:

mental processes associated with automatic, nonconscious social evaluations

the self-effacing bias is aslo called the:

modesty bias

during the covid19 pandemic, 16 year old hannah has heard a lot of info about covid 19 vaccine. hannahs dad who she believes is the smartest man she knows, tells her that covid 19 vaccine is ineffective and implants a microchip into your arm. hannah agrees with her dad and tells her friends that this is what she believes too. hannah is conforming due to:

normative social influence

The performance of a behavior in response to a direct command is called:

obedience

people are more likely to help others when they _____

perceive the other people deserve help

When we form judgments and draw conclusions about the characteristics and motives of others, we are using processes called:

person perception

which of these statements regarding prejudice is TRUE?

racial and ethnic groups are far more alike than they are different

during a research study Dr. Kirkham explores how humans form judgments about the characteristics and motives of other people when in the presence of other people. Dr. kirkham is most likely a ______ psychologist

social

the mental process of placing people into groups based on shared characteristics is called:

social categorization

an individuals behavior is influenced by situational factors and other people. the term used to describe this is:

social influence

Jenny is an administrative assistant at an advertising firm. She used to work in a law firm with a very strict dress code that required her to wear suits every day. However, after her first few weeks in the office, Jenny notices that many of her colleagues wear jeans, polos, and tennis shoes to work. One person even wears sandals every day. Jenny is noticing a difference in:

social norms

while riding the public bus, angela begins to notice that people don't sit next to strangers when there are empty seats available. after further observation angela notices that this also happens on the subway in the movie theatre and in the cafeteria. angelas observations suggest that peoples behavior in these situations may be governed by

social norms

on a complicated group project at work, you are fed with rico not pulling their weight. you finally decide to confront rico about why they are slacking off. based on research on social loafing, what is a possible response rico could have?

that rico expected other group members to slack off too

Mrs. Juarez divides her class into small, ethnically diverse groups. She then requires each student to become an "expert" in one aspect of an overall project and then teach it to other members of his or her group. Mrs. Juarez is using:

the jigsaw classroom technique

____ is the tendency of people to believe that the world is fair and that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

the just-world hypothesis

Milgram's first obedience study was conducted with 40 male subjects. Andrea is participating in a replication of one of Milgram's obedience experiments, in which the 40 subjects are all female. You can safely predict that:

the results of the female only study will probably be the same as the male only study

the tendency to attribute successful outcomes of ones own behavior to internal causes and unsuccessful outcomes to external, situational causes is called

the self-serving bias

during world war ii many nazi officials were responsible for the murder of millions of jewish people. what did some nazi officials claim as a reason for their involvement?

the were just "conforming to the masses"

what did young and park believe in their research on ingroup bias?

there are potential benefits of ingroup bias

Howard explained the low evaluation he received on his job performance review by saying that his boss was a jerk and had it in for him. Howard appears to be:

using the self-serving bias

in milgrams original obedience experiment subjects who were assigned the role of teacher:

were deceived about the real role of the learner and the level of shock that he actually received

Similarity is a powerful predictor of attraction in:

western cultures

____ was a U.S. social psychologist that worked with muzafer sherif to help clarify the conditions that produce intergroup conflict and harmony

Carolyn Wood Sherif

kitty Genovese was murdered outside her New York city apartment. the tragic event led to intense psychological research on:

altruism and prosocial behavior