General Psychology Chapter 4

According to the textbook, one study of eyewitness cases found that the wrong person was chosen from police lineups what percentage of the time?

25 percent

Which of the following refers to sensory adaptation?

A decrease over time in sensory response to an unchanging stimulus

Which of the following statements represents current understanding of hearing loss?

By age 65, more than 40 percent of the ear's hair cells will be gone, mainly those that transduce high pitches.

Which of the following experimental procedures would most likely devastate the color vision of the patient?

Destruction of approximately 10 million rods and 10 million cones

Shelly, a movie critic, is so focused on an emotional scene in a movie that she forgets to continue her note taking for a subsequent review in a newspaper. She is most closely exhibiting which of the following?

Inattentional blindness

Which of the following scenarios BEST represents an ingrained pattern of organization and attention?

Saying "How are you" in response to the question "How are you?

You show two friends a picture of a rock snake, a snake whose coloring looks like rocks, hiding in a pile of rocks. Miguel only sees a picture of rocks, but Tami immediately sees the rock snake. Of the following, the best explanation is that:

Tami has experience with rock snakes

Consider a glass-bottom boat. One section is a wooden deck. The other section is glass so that tourists can see the ocean underneath. If a tourist brought onto the wooden decks his or her 3-month- old infant, who had just learned to crawl, and then called the infant over to the glass-bottom section to see the ocean floor beneath, what is the MOST likely outcome?

The infant would refuse to cross the glass section.

Which of the following is an example of shape constancy?

Viewing a page of a book from different angles

Which of the following is the best example of inattentional blindness?

While arguing with your father in the back seat as you drive, you run a red light.

If Abe stares at a picture of a yellow smiling face for 30 seconds, and then looks at a blank white paper, what will Abe most likely see?

a blue smiling face

Consider an experiment in which a squirrel, born and raised in a controlled environment, only displays horizontal stripes. When released into the wild, the squirrel will likely have difficulty:

detecting tree trunks

Which theory proposes that pain messages pass through neural portals in the spinal cord?

gate control theory

You may have seen a person hit his or her head on something hard, and then immediately begin to vigorously rub or scratch his or her head. Which of the following theories best explains why the person does this?

gate control theory

Which of the following theories holds that odors are related to the shapes of chemical molecules?

lock-and-key theory

The receptors for umami are most sensitive to which of the following?

meat

The tongue is covered with small protrusions called ________.

papillae ( or papille )

Perceptual expectancies are frequently created by ________.

suggestion

Which of the following scenarios would be MOST challenging for someone with blindness in the left eye?

throwing darts

The scientific review process requires submission of "blinded" work in which the scientists' names and identifying information are removed from the work before review. What is the most likely explanation for why this practice is used?

to decrease top down procesing