Geo 100 Wagendorp

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Crustal plates are on the order of ___ Km thick

100

Crustal plates are on the order of ________ kilometer(s) thick.

100

Oceans are being created and removed from the Earth in a cycle of about

100 million years

Within 5%, the typical angle of repose is ________.

35

About _____ percent of the world's land ice resides in places other than Greenland and Antartica.

4

Which of the following numbers is CLOSEST to the number of active volcanoes on Earth's land surface?

550

The world system of interconnected ocean bottom ridges comes to a total of about ________ kilometers

60,000

sedimentary rocks are ____ of the surface

75%

The earth has been deglaciating for the last _____ years

9,000

The Alaskan earthquake of 1964 was extraordinarily violent and has been assigned a moment magnitude of ________.

9.2

Seeds germinate mainly in the ____ Horizon

A

A dense layer, often forming in the B horizon under calcification is

A hardpan

A result of soil creep might be ________.

A tilted fence post

Bornhardts are

A type of inselberg

Mass wasting is associated with which speed of movement?

A wide variety

The glacial scouring by bedrock embedded in ice is erosion by ______

Abrasion

_____ tends to smooth the surface over which a glacier moves.

Abrasion

Water penetrating into soil promotes chemical weathering by acting as a weak ________.

Acid

The Great Rift Valley is on the continent of ________.

Africa

Of the states below, which has the greatest number of volcanoes (active or inactive)?

Alaska

Mollisols and ---- are the two most agriculturally productive soil orders

Alfisols

_____ is composed of stratified (layered) drift.

An Esker

Gelisols are

Associated with Cytotubation

In arid lands, intricately rifled and barren terrain is called

Badlands

Alluvial fans which have expanded and join over time form a landscape feature known as ___

Bajadas

An imaginary surface extending beneath the continents which limits how deep streams may cut is ________.

Base Level

The ________ is an igneous intrusion which has a surface area of at least 100 square kilometers.

Batholith

Which of the following is a beach area not usually covered by water

Berm

An interfluve can be found ________.

Between Valleys

Where can one find a glacier's equilibrium line?

Between the accumulation and ablation zones

a shallow depression from which an abundance of fine material has been deflated is know is a deflating hollow or ___

Blowout

Badlands are closely associated with badlands national park in south dakota and ___

Bryce Canyon National Park in Utah

the Unconsolidated parent material beneath the level of roots is called the ____ horizon of soil

C

which pedogenic regime is most closely associated with the drier parries of North America?

Calcification

in semiarid climates, grass roots transport much ___ from the b horizon to the a

Calcium

-- is the location of the highest tides in the world

Canada

Salt wedging is most closely associated with ________.

Capillary Action

From a chemical standpoint, the three reacting agents of greatest importance to weathering are ________.

Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen and water

The movement of a glacier is normally measured in _____ per day.

Centimeters

The nature of a volcanic eruption is determined largely by the ________ of the magma.

Chemistry

One sub-surface material which intensifies the process of earthquakes and mass movement is ________.

Clay

____ is a facilitator of mass waisting

Clay

the major end product of chemical weathering is

Clay

the main pedogenic regimes do not include

Colonization

Flood basalts cover much of the ocean floor, India, and in North America, the ________.

Columbia Plateau

Solution and hydrolysis combine to create ________ in streams.

Corrosion

Which of the following is the same thing as an arroyo or gulley

Coulee

The La Conchita landslides are most closely associated with ________.

Cracks under neith the cliff house

Which of the following is NOT a landscape caused by faulting?

Crater Lake, Oregon

The slowest form of mass waisting is

Creep

A mudflow including numerous larger blocks of material is a(n) ________.

Debris Flow

All but one of the following would cause an increase in the erosive effectiveness of stream flow: ________.

Decrease of turbulence

The general term signifying the overall lowering of the rock material on the Earth's crust is ________.

Denudation

Weathering and mass wasting can be classified as ________ processes.

Denudational

_ is an internal process

Diastrophism

main types of erosion of not include

Diastrophism

Which of the following doesn't belong with the others?

Dike

Radial walls extending outward from a volcano are ________.

Dikes

A stream's ________ is (are) chemically altered and transported.

Disolved load

Which of the following is the major concept which all the others are part of?

Drainage basin

Eluvial Materials are deposited in the soils ____ Horizon

E

which of the following is the least important in the weathering process?

Earthquake

____ is the soil order covering the greatest surface area on earth

Entisols

the upper layer in a diagnostic horizon is called the

Epipedon

A desert consisting of a large sad dune is a

Erg

Mesa and scarp topography is most closely associated with

Erosion

earth worms are

Escreate casts

Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?

Eskers

A braided stream is one which has become adjusted so that its flow is just able to carry its sediment load. (t/f)

False

A common maximum speed for landslides is about 500 kilometers per hour. (t/f)

False

A mudflow is a slope collapse with a backward rotation. (T/f)

False

Aggradation occurs on geologically uplifted parts of Earth's crust. (t/f)

False

All natural deltas are in a triangular shape. (t/f)

False

An esker is formed by stagnant meltwater in a glacial crevasse.

False

An example of a large syncline is the Sierra Nevada. (t/f)

False

Continental crust is recycled "quickly" while oceanic crust tends to be conserved for much greater times. (t/f)

False

Deltas are built as sediments erode from near the mouth of a stream. (t/f)

False

Glacial erosion invariably produces smooth valley slopes.

False

Glacial processes are still the most important erosional forces at work in the world today.

False

Humas is an example of inorganic colloids in the soil (t/f)

False

Hutton was the scientist who discovered catastrophism. (t/f)

False

It appears that the numbers of large dams will increase into the future. (t/f)

False

Joints and solution cavities are different names for the same feature. (t/f)

False

Landslides are the most common form of mass wasting (t/f)

False

Landslides are the most common form of mass wasting. (t.f)

False

Mechanical weathering is more effective than chemical weathering in the breakdown of the individual grains of a large rock. (t/f)

False

Perennial streams are closely identified with desert landscapes. (t/f)

False

Podzols are a type of soil which evolve in the worlds arid climate (t/f)

False

Podzols are a type of soil which evolves in the worlds arid climates (t/f)

False

Salt wedding is a form of physical weathering especially prevalent in the humid tropics

False

Salt wedging is a form of physical weathering especially prevalent in the humid tropics. (t/f)

False

Shale regolith produces coarse-textured soil and limits soil development (t/f)

False

Shield volcanoes tend to be the most explosive of all volcanoes. (t/f)

False

Streams flowing into a structural basin form radial drainage patterns.

False

The Lewis Overthrust is a well known feature in the Appalachian Mountains. (t/f)

False

The U.S. Government is developing an Earthquake Early Warning System (EEW) (t/f)

False

The amount of friction per cubic area in streamflow is maximized in wide, deep, smooth-bottomed rivers.(t/f)

False

The geographer William M. Davis was the principal researcher who developed what we now know to be equilibrium theory. (t/f)

False

The geographer William M. Davis was the principal researcher who developed what we now know to be equilibrium theory. (t/f)

False

The lower course of a stream is dominated by landforms created by erosion. (t/f)

False

The lowest point in a basin is a Gibber (t/f)

False

The regolith is found at the top of the soil (t/f)

False

Usually, the number of faults in an area is a much greater number than the number of joints. (t/f)

False

Valley bluffs are remnants of previous knickpoints in a drainage basin. (t/f)

False

Water is the energizing force in mass wasting. (t/f)

False

a dark color is a sure sign of fertility (t/f)

False

a pediment is the same thing as a piedmont slope(t/f)

False

aeolian processes are a subdivision of the internal geomorphic processes (t/f)

False

generally, joints do not exist below one meter from earths surface(t/f)

False

histosols are a solid order most common in world deserts (t/f)

False

in arid regions every large canyon has an alluvial fan that grows down the pediment slope (t/f)

False

in humid regions, grey or white soil indicated a concentration of iron near the surface (t/f)

False

in the desert lack of water causes tick covering or regolith in most locations

False

in the process of illation water picks up fine soil particles and transports them downward (t/f)

False

in the process of illuviation, water picks up fine soil particles and transports them downward (t/f)

False

land slides are the most common form of mass waisting (t/f)

False

mollisols are relative rare soils in the United States

False

the Sahel is the central portion of the sahara (t/f)

False

the Seif is the most common type of sand dune in the North American Desert

False

the largest basins in the US are found in Iowa (t/f)

False

waves of translocation become waves of oscillation, (t/f)

False

A sag pond is caused by collection of water from springs or runoff after movement along ________.

Fault lines

The east face of the Sierra Nevadas presents an excellent example of a(n) ________.

Fault scarp

Which of the following is NOT associated with biological weathering?

Formation of rock joints

________ is(are) the most obvious result of weathering.

Fragmentation of Bedrock

the force of __ in conjunction with the wind,is the cause of most waves

Friction

Granular disintegration is most closely associated with ________.

Frost Wedging

Granular disintegration is mostly associated with

Frost Wedging

granular disintegration is most closely associated with

Frost wedging

Humas has a consistency similar to

Gelatin

permafrost and minimal profile development are more closely associated with which soil order

Gelisols

permafrost and minimal profile development are more closely associated with which soil order?

Gelisols

permafrost and minimal profile development are most closely associated with which soil order?

Gelisols

Globally, the influence of this soil-forming factor fades with time

Geologic

which of the following is most closely associated with Fjords

Glaciers

Where the land is flat, ________ exerts a minimal influence on topographic development.

Gravity

Chemical weathering is speeded because mechanical weathering tends to ________.

Greatly increase the surface area to be weathered

Which of the following has a contemporary ice sheet

Greenland

Which type of erosion involves the most sediment per square meter in the places where it occurs?

Gully

barren surface covered with consolidated material and exposed bedrock

Hamada

Which of the following is most closely associated with a mantle plume?

Hawaii

Equilibrium theory has serious shortcomings in deserts and areas which are ________.

High Latitude

Which of the following covers the least area on the Earths surface?

Histosols

this soil is partly characterized by plentiful partly decayed plant material

Histosols

The time since 10,000 B.P. is most properly known as the ____ epoch.

Holocene

An uplift of a block of land between two parallel faults is a ________.

Horst

Grabens are commonly found in association with ________.

Horsts

which is not a main soil forming factor

Human Activity

Ultisols generally lack

Humas

Weathering may reach as far as ____ below earths surface

Hundreds of meters

Which of the following can occur far below the surface in the tropics?

Hydrolysis

an immature order of soils with faint characteristics not yet prominate enough to produce diagnostics horizons is an

Inceptisol

In the terms of plate tectonics, indian is a part of the ___ plate

Indo-Australian

Which of the following rivers has the largest delta in the world?

Indus

Which of the following DOES NOT describe a stream's capacity?

It is always closely related to a stream's competence.

An earthflow is most conspicuous in ________ where a bulging lobe of material pushes out onto a valley floor.

Its lower reaches

the unseen volcanic complex is a compositee of overlapping composite volcanoes and has had recent pyroclastic flows, lazars and loss of life. this country is

Japan

The island of Krakatau disappeared in a volcanic explosion. Krakatau was located in the ________.

Java Sea

________ are the most common structural features of rocks

Joints

The slow melting of blocks of stagnant ice in the land surface is the cause of _____

Kettle Holes

A ________ develops along a streambed containing bedrock of differential resistance.

Knickpoint

during recent geologic time, Death Valley was occupied by a large lake named

Lake Manly

Landslides are often responsible for the formation of ________.

Lakes

The most prominent pluvial development of the Pleistocene was the appearance of many _____.

Lakes

________ move downslope as much as 160 kilometers per hour.

Landslides

_____ are the largest landforms produced by mountain glaciation

Lateral Moraines

the pedogenic regime associated with the tropical moist climate is

Laterization

In a roche moutonnee, the _____ side faces the direction to which the ice is traveling.

Lee

Soils are considered part of the

Lithosphere

The most common landscape in the dry western us are the Basin, Range, and the

MESA AND SCAP

The earths thickest layer is the ____

Mantle

what is not associated with tides

Mass amounts of erosion

Large ____ extend for considerable distances and depths though rock. Blew the surface there is minimal separation between the block on either side

Master Joint

The angle of beach slope is controlled by

Material

A dark band of rock debris down the middle of a glacier from the union of two adjacent glaciers is a(n).

Medial Moraine

Lubrication for downslope glacial movement is provided by ______.

Meltwater

If no water is involved, rocks can mechanically weather if they undergo ________ temperature change cycles.

Millions of

The highest rated soils for overall agricultural productivity are the ________.

Mollisols

Which scale is now the most commonly used to measure the size of LARGE earthquakes?

Moment magnitude

Which scale is now the most commonly used to measure the size of large earth quakes?

Moment magnitude

Where is the daily temperature change the most significant in rock weathering?

Mountain Summits

The origins of which of the following are less well understood than the other features on the list?

Mountains in the middle of plates

what state has the greatest extent of interior drainage basins?

Nevada

An outstanding example of stream capture on a grand scale can be found along the ________.

Nigeria River, Africa

____ is compressed snow which might change into glacial ice.

Névé

Which of the following scientists is closely associated with the theory of crustal change and development?

Penek

___ is known as the detailed knowledge of different kids of rocks

Petrology

in general, large boulders will NOT be found on

Playas

The boreal forest in subarctic locations is the typical setting for ________.

Podzolation

the soil with the large percentage of clay would be _____ and ______

Porous and Non permeable

Which material is most resistant to chemical weathering?

Quartz

The pleistocene is a part of the ___ period

Quaternary

which of the horizons is found furthest from the surface of the soil

R

a wave approaching an irregular shoreline, one portion of wave reaches shallow waters sooner than the portions and thus is slowed down, this slowing down causes the wave line to bend and the bending is called __

Refraction

Aribuc word for stone...

Reg

Desert Pavement is another for

Reg

The arabic word for "stone" describes a desert surface covered with coarse gravel, pebbles and or boulders the word is __

Reg

the weathered layer of loose inorganic material is called

Regolith

The existence of a stream terrace is sure evidence of ________.

Rejuvenation

Sapping is an erosional processes closely associated with __

Rock Joints

In dry climates, ________ is a (are) prevalent process(es).

Salt Wedging

A considerable body of knowledge concerning Earth's interior has been amassed through all these methods EXCEPT ________.

Sampling earths core

soils made up of mainly ____ do not develop a true soil type

Sand

the channel of a desert stream is usually covered with

Sandy Debris

In the creation of rock escarpments in dry lands, much of the undermining is accomplished by a process called ___

Sapping

iN THE CREATION OF ROCK ESCAPMENT IN DRY LANDS, MUCH UNDERMINING IS ACCOMPLISHED BY a process called

Sapping

The best example of a product of mass wasting is ________.

Scree

the best example of a product of mass wasting is

Scree

Which of the following is false

Sea level is higher today than at any time in history

When a first-order stream joins a second-order stream, the result is always ________.

Second order stream

________ is a sedimentary rock formed mechanically from fine silt and clay particles.

Shale

in mesa and scarp topography, less resistant rock erodes more quickly than caprice. which type of rock is noted as a less resistant rock in such areas

Shale

________ transport(s) materials directly after they are loosened by splash erosion.

Sheet erosion

Shale is usually metamorphosed into ________.

Slate

The rock type which results from metamorphosed shale is ________.

Slate

A slope collapse with a backward rotation is a ________.

Slump

The mass-wasting type characterized by a crescent-shaped scarp face is the ________.

Slump

The new substances made through oxidation of existing minerals are ________ than the original minerals.

Softer

Which of the following is not a specialized feature of arid environments

Soil creep

Which of the following is the slowest of all types of mass movement?

Solification

The main downslope movement of subarctic and arctic landscapes is ________.

Solifluction

which of the following is NOT closely associated with large land slides?

Solifluction

Carbonate rock is closely related to

Solution cavities

In Alaska, most of the contemporary glaciers are found mainly in the ________ portion of the state.

Southern

________ and amount of moisture present can be used to classify types of mass wasting.

Speed Movement

Similar in nature to a batholith but much smaller in size is a ________.

Stock

Flattish erosional platform with no well defined scarps or edges are

Stripped Plains

A major determent of soils water holding capacity is its

Structure

A(n) ________ stream has developed a channel along a zone of structural weakness.

Subsequent

The B horizon is usually called the

Subsoil

The greatest amount of material transported by a stream is carried in its ________.

Suspended Load

Angular rocks and boulders on high mountain peaks were produced by frost shattering (t/f)

TRUE

In the Cascade Range, there are many peaks larger or taller than Mount Saint Helens which exploded. (t/f)

TRUE

"The angle of repose" is a term most closely associated with ________.

Talus

The rock debris which accumulates at the base of steep slopes by gravitational action is called ________.

Talus

the rock debris which accumulates at the base of steep slopes by gravitational action is called

Talus

Gravitational water is a

Temporary form of soil moisture

At its maximum extent, continental glacial ice in North America extended as far south as ______

The Ohio River

in the section "an example of scale" it is apparent ____

The smallest scale is related to the view from the furthest away

many of todays desert lakes are not described by which phrase

They are usually freshwater in nature

Unsorted debris from ice sheets, after deposition, is known as ______.

Till

A(n) ________ detects swelling and possible eruption in a volcano.

Tiltmeter

The rolling pebbles across the desert surface is an example of

Traction

A ________ plate boundary is associated with lateral slippage, conservation of existing crust, and the San Andreas fault system.

Transform

Which of the following is termed "conservative"?

Transformed Plate Boundary

_____ brings soil material from the a horizon to the b horizon

Translocation

Where the landscape is covered by sand and the crests of the sand dunes are perpendicular to the wind, the dunes are labeled

Transverse

A drop in sea level causes stream rejuvenation on land. (t/f)

True

A minor volcanic eruption releases the energy equivalent to a cluster of atomic bombs. (t/f)

True

A remnant of a previous valley floor is called a stream terrace. (t/f)

True

A simple symmetrical upfold in topography is an anticline. (t/f)

True

A yazoo stream is a tributary which is prevented by a natural levee from entering the main stream and runs for a considerable distance parallel to the main stream before finding an entrance. (t/f)

True

At least one contemporary glacier in Alaska is larger than some entire states.

True

Brush fires and forest fires speed the process of mechanical weathering. (t/f)

True

Death Valley is present because of Faulting (t/f)

True

Debris flows are mass movements that occur on slopes in arid regions. (t/f)

True

Drainage etwokrks of arid lands are frequently incomplete or undeveloped

True

Equilibrium theory is the currently accepted explanation of landform development. (t/f)

True

Firn is another term for névé.

True

Floodplains can grow by lateral erosion. (t/f)

True

Fluvial depostihional features are common in the desert regions

True

In a stream, water erodes more on the outside of bends than on the inside of bends. (t/f)

True

In mesa-and-scarp topography, natural bridges are associated with entrenched river meanders

True

In the long run, temperature and moisture are the prime determinants of soil characteristics. (t/f)

True

In the soil, the C horizon is unconsolidated parent material or regolith (t/f)

True

Magic lava is likely to be hotter and more fluid, causing non- explosive volcanic eruptions (t/f)

True

Many of todays loess deposits fate from the time of the pleistocene glaciation (t/f)

True

Many streams have drainage patterns unrelated to the underlying geologic structure. (t/f)

True

Many streams have drainage patterns unrelated to the underlying geologic structure. (t/f)

True

Offset streams are caused by strike-slip faults. (t/f)

True

Over long amounts of time, without tectonic activity, all local base levels would be eliminated. (t/f)

True

Oxisols are common in the topics and Accor in hawaii but are absent from the rest of the United States (t/f)

True

Pediments are often covered with a veneer of rocky debris (t/f)

True

Plant roots are the agent of weathering (t/f)

True

Regolith is the loose, inorganic material overlying the unfragmented bedrock (t/f)

True

Rejuvenation results from the uplift of a regional landscape and creates new slope angles to be weathered. (t/f)

True

Relict ergs are sometimes found in non-desert areas (t/f)

True

Scientists recognize 175 gradations of soil color (t/f)

True

Sea level is the base level, or lower limit, of stream downcutting. (t/f)

True

Soil containing an a horizon atop a partly altered material is said to be immature (t/f)

True

Talus slopes are normally gently concave upward, with the steepest angle near the apex of the cone. (t/f)

True

The Deccan Plateau of India is associated with flood basalts. (t/f)

True

The drainage basin of a principal river encompasses the smaller drainage basins of all its tributaries. (t/f)

True

The drainage basin of a principal river encompasses the smaller drainage basins of all its tributaries.(t/f)

True

The huang he is a river which received its name from the color of the loess sediment it carries (t/f)

True

The presence of Humas in the soil lowers the density of the soil lowers the density of the soil (t/f)

True

The slight difference in time of observation between the arrival of P and S waves at a seismographic station allows scientists to determine the distance to the focus of an earthquake. (t/f)

True

The terms "drainage basin" and "watershed" are synonymous. (t/f)

True

in cool climates, areas of poor drainage have pedogenic regime of gelization (t/f)

True

soils which have formed from salinization are associated with the need for irrigation (t/f)

True

the deposition of finer particles at a lower level in the oil is illuviation (t/f)

True

Glaciers carve _____ shaped valleys

U

the soil which are red with surfaces containing much aluminum and iron are

Ultisols

the solids which are red with a surface layer containing much aluminum and iron are

Ultisols

Where UNDER the surface of the Earth would one expect a convection current directed towards the surface?

Under mid ocean ridges

Mount Saint Helens exploded in 1980. Which of the following is NOT true?

Unlike the other mountains near it

Rainfall in Deserts are

Usually Intense

Rivers downcutting into a land surface, in the absence of other forces, usually tend to erode a ________-shaped form.

V

Drainage channels in the dry mountains usually have a ___ profile

V-shaped

if you lived in Texas or California, and your house foundation crumbled because the soil swelled, when it was wet and cracked when it was dry, chances are the soil would be

Ventisoil

Which of the following is NOT closely related to jointing?

Vesicles

lava ____ develop when gas is unable to escape as the lava Solidifies

Vesicles

Which of the following is NOT a form of tectonism?

Volcanism

the Pacific "ring of fire" refers to the

Volcanoes around the pacific ocean

which of the following coastal features does not belong with the others

Wave-cut bench

The textbook concludes that _____

We are too close to the ice age to say any of the above definitively

The following area as a series of islands if it were to lose its glacial ice.

West Antartica

Where is one unlikely find much alluvium deposited in a stream valley?

Where velocity increases

The most recent glacial stage of the Pleistocene in North America was the ______

Wisconsin

A steep walled defile with a V-shaped profile and narrow valley floor would, according to the geomorphic cycle, be in the ________ stage.

Youthful

seeds germinate mainly in the _____ horizon

a

approximately 100 elements occur in nature, how many of them are widespread in making the minerals and rocks of the crust?

a 1/4 of them

The eventual result of ________ is to reduce almost all stream-carried debris to very small silt particles.

abrasion

Niagara Falls were formed ________

after the retreat of the Pleistocene ice sheets a few thousand years ago

During low water cycles, any channel bottom change is likely to undergo ________.

aggradation

The general term applied to stream-deposited debris is ________.

alluvium

A peneplain is the ____ of the classical geomorphic cycle of erosion

an old stage

the common Characteristics of all the basins of interior drainage in the united states is that they

are all in the western US

Gelisols are ________.

associated with cryoturbation

the difference between the field capacity and the wilting point is called ____

available soil moisture

The ________ is an igneous intrusion which has a surface area of at least 100 square kilometers.

batholith

Which material, accumulated from the remains of plants and animals, can produce limestone?

calcium carbonate

what produces the limestone

calcium carbonates

Crater Lake, Oregon, is an example of a volcanic ________.

caldera

Which of the following is NOT an intrusive volcanic landform?

caldera

these rock forming minerals are light and colorless

carhonates

Which of the following drainage patterns results when streams from all directions converge into a basin?

centripetal

Most alluvial fans are

composed of poorly sorted debris

Which of the following would be most likely to develop a radial drainage pattern?

cone shipped volcano

In the text, West Virginia is offered as a superb example of ________.

contrasts between dendritic and trellis drainage

Research since the 1970s has identified the cause of plate tectonics to be ________.

convection

The plate boundaries which are ________ are likely to make island arcs.

convergent between oceanic plates

A chain of mountains encompassing many ranges is known as a(n) ________.

cordillera

The chemical erosion of stream channels is known as ________.

corrosion

The general term signifying the overall lowering of the rock material on the Earth's crust is ________.

denudation

As a stream-related measure, competence is expressed as a ________.

diameter (millimeters)

The idealized sequence of slope retreat, according to Davis, would result in ________.

diminishing slope angles

The total volume of flow in streams is termed ________.

discharge

Branching channels that cross a delta are known as ________.

distributaries

Which two terms are usually used to refer to the SAME plate boundary?

divergent, constructive

With the passage of time, all talus migrates ________.

downslope

If a stream carries water only during and immediately after a rain, it is classified as ________.

ephemeral

In arid climates, most small streams are ________.

ephemeral

the a horizon or combined o/a horizon of the soil are known as

epipedon

A weathering type associated with curved and concentric sets of joints break away in successive layers is called ________.

exfoliation

approximately 5% of all desert streams are ephemeral (t/f)

fALSE

Wegener's early proposal of continental drift was not taken seriously because of his ________.

failure to provide a plausible cause

A fault is a break in the Earth's surface or crust without horizontal or vertical displacement. (t/f)

false

Free moving sand is usually found near centers of desert basins (t/f)

false

In the desert, lack of water causes thick coverings regolith in most locations (t/f)

false

The Niger River in Africa has built the largest delta in the world. (t/f)

false

The world's largest streams are intermittent. (t/f)

false

a sand surface is the main determinate of a desert. (t/f)

false

the worlds longest costal sand dunes are located where?

france

the most important type of mechanical weathering process is

frost shattering

Davis's theory is usually referred to as the ________.

geomorphic cycle

The cycle of erosion is also known as ________.

geomorphic cycle

A crustal block which is down thrown with a steep fault scarp on either side is a ________.

graben

a barren surface composed of consolidation material, usually of exposed bedrock is __

hamada

Any stream may lengthen its valley by ________ and delta formation.

headward erosion

Grabens are commonly found in association with ________.

horsts

Global warming would cause

iNUNDATION OF COSTAL PLAINS

Which is a fundamental question at the heart of any geographic inquiry?

if so

Weathering is deepest ________.

in the humid tropics

If a stream's velocity is doubled, its competence ________.

increases 64 times

Rounded Hills or mountains prominence surrounded by extrusive pains and basins are

inselbergs

A stream valley lengthens at the expense of the ________.

interfluve

Denudation is NOT closely related to ________.

internal processes

Calcium bicarbonate produced in the chemical weathering process of carbonation ________.

is very soluble

the nile river___

is without major tributaries in the desert

Niagara Falls is a large waterfall on a river, so it can be considered as an example of ________.

knickpoint

Great Salt Lake is a remnant of ___

lake bonneville

Mt. St. Helens is ________.

likely to viciously erupt again

in mesa and scarp topography, ____ are typically the most resistant layers which form a caprock

limestone and sandstone

Loose, water-saturated sediments may undergo ________ during an earthquake.

liquefaction

Which of the following is not a property of clay

made primarily of silt

A flat alluvium-floored valley with fairly steep walls and a stream beginning to meander would be in the ________ stage of the erosion cycle.

mature

slate, schist and gents are

metamorphic and foliated

In arid regions, differential erosion tends to be best developed in areas of

multiple sedimentary layers

Consider the location of New York City. In terms of crustal plates, New York City is ________.

not on a plate boundary

A(n)________ is the same thing as a pyroclastic flow.

nuée ardente

the main value of the extrinsic terminology of the soil taxonomy is its

observable characteristics

fracing is associated with all but ____

oil in saudia ariba

On a meandering stream, maximum erosion takes place along the ________.

outer edge

Long tongues of ice which surround the margin of continental ice sheets are called.

outlet glaciers

Fluvial process includes both the stream flow within valleys as well as ________.

overland flow

The Glacier Park, Montana area, provides a classic example of large scale ________.

overthrust faulting

Niagara Falls is the most famous set of falls in North America because they ________.

pass an enormous volume of water over them

The final result of the classical theory of the geomorphic cycle concept is ________.

peneplain

____ is a measure of the ease with which water moves though the soil

permeability

in deserts, a clay pan is found on a

playa

The totality of materials ejected from a volcano, including liquid material, ashes and dust is termed ________.

pyroclastic material

clays which change to a near liquid state as a result of sudden disturbance are ___ clays

quick

The existence of a stream terrace is sure evidence of ________

rejuvenation

In terms of erosion, a gulley is a larger example of a feature called a(n) ________.

rill

An oxbow lake was formerly a ________.

river meander

Which of the following is thought to transfer materials WITHOUT the lubricating effect of water?

rock glaciers

The process in which small particles are moved along by streamflow or wind in a series of jumps or bounces is ________.

saltation

The most widely distributed type of metamorphic rock is ________.

schist

the size groups within the standard classification of soils parties since are termed

separates

The lowest level of the soil taxonomy soil classification system is

series

First order streams are the ________ of all streams.

shortest

musch soil material is actually wasted bits of rocks and composed of

silica

the mass wasting type characterized by a crescent shaped scarp face is the

slump

Most blowouts are

small

Carbonate rock is closely associated with ________.

solution cavities

Which of the following is not thickly covered with loess

south africa

of the list of arid landscapes features below, a boulder would be most likely found in the

stream channel

The degree of turbulence in stream flow is determined by the velocity and the ________.

stream channel roughness

In folded terrain, a simple symmetrical down fold is termed a(n) ________.

syncline

A prime example of the application of equilibrium theory can be seen in any hilly area where ________

tectonic uplift and fluvial erosion are simultaneous

A prime example of the application of equilibrium theory can be seen in any hilly area where ________.

tectonic uplift and fluvial erosion are simultaneous

What is the term for a piece of crust which has been in a collision along a convergent crustal boundary and become accreted to another crustal plate?

terrane

the term "clay" references

texture

In the united states, _____ is the most closely associated with the Glezation

the great lakes

in a true sand storm,

the moving sand rarely reaches head level

concept of "relief"

the veritcle distance between the lowest and highest points in an area

A joint can be distinguished from a fault in that ________.

there is no movement around joints

A(n) ________ pattern of drainage usually develops on alternating bands of hard and soft strata.

trellis

The drainage pattern common in ridge and valley landscapes is ________.

trellis

A foreshock sometimes comes before a major earthquake. (t/f)

true

A remnant of a previous valley floor is called a stream terrace.

true

A stream may occupy all of its valley bottom.

true

A stream may occupy all of its valley bottom. (t/f)

true

External geomorphic processes are mainly subaerial. (t/f)

true

Parallel structure, also known as stratification, is a characteristic of most sedimentary rocks. (t/f)

true

The largest recorded earthquake had a moment magnitude of 9.5 and occurred in Chile. (t/f)

true

The load carried by overland flow past a point is generally small in comparison to what a stream can transport past a point. (t/f)

true

The southern portion of the "super continent" envisioned by Wegener is called Gondwanaland. (t/f)

true

The term "mountains without roots" is used to refer to mountains in overthrust fault zones. (t/f)

true

When water freezes, it decreases in density and expands in volume. (t/f)

true

desert steam channels contains plentiful rock debris (t/f)

true

off the list of basin-arid-range topography, the basin floor altitude tends to increase with time

true

a promenade fratture of loess is

vertical slopes

Lava ________ develop when gas is unable to escape as the lava solidifies.

vesticles

In frost wedging, the principal force is exerted against the ________ of the confining rock.

walls

the single most important agent of landscape formation in deserts is __

water

The vast majority of North America is moving ________,

west

The major batholiths of North America occur on which part of the continent?

western

of the following which is the LEAST important in created most desert land forms

wind

Which of the following is NOT closely associated with the former position of a river channel?

yazoo


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